[go: up one dir, main page]

Jump to content

Phyllopsora

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Phyllopsora
Phyllopsora furfuracea in Fakahatchee Strand State Preserve, Florida
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Lecanorales
Family: Ramalinaceae
Genus: Phyllopsora
Müll.Arg. (1894)
Type species
Phyllopsora breviuscula
(Nyl.) Müll.Arg. (1894)
Synonyms[1]
  • Callopis (Müll.Arg.) Gyeln. (1933)
  • Physcidia sect. Callopis Müll.Arg. (1883)
  • Psoromopsis Nyl. (1869)
  • Triclinum Fée (1825)[2]

Phyllopsora is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Ramalinaceae.[3]

The characteristics of a fossilized Phyllopsora, P. dominicana, found in Dominican amber, suggests that the main distinguishing features of the genus have remained unchanged for tens of millions of years.[4]

Taxonomy

[edit]

The genus was circumscribed by the Swiss botanist Johannes Müller Argoviensis in 1894, with Phyllopsora breviuscula assigned as the type species.[5]

In 2019, a proposal was made to conserve the name Phyllopsora against the earlier names Triclinum and Crocynia.[6] This was due to Phyllopsora including species that are the types of these earlier generic names, which would have priority. The proposal argued that conserving Phyllopsora would be the least disruptive option, as taking up Triclinum would require 56 new combinations, while Crocynia included many species now considered to belong to other genera. In 2024, the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi recommended conservation of Phyllopsora against Triclinum and Crocynia, with 80% of the committee voting in favour.[7]

Description

[edit]

The genus Phyllopsora is distinguished by its scale-like (squamulose) to almost leaf-like (foliose) body (thallus) that often has a distinct border (prothallus). Its reproductive structures, known as asci, have a unique feature: an amyloid dome and a narrow, cone-shaped central structure. The fruiting bodies (apothecia) of this genus are made up of highly gelatinized (jelly-like) fungal threads. These threads show no clear separation between the different structural layers of the apothecium, and this gelatinised texture is consistent throughout the central and marginal areas of the apothecium as well as in the supporting structures (paraphyses). The ascospores produced by Phyllopsora are small, with thin walls, and are typically not divided into separate compartments (rarely septate).[8]

Species

[edit]
Phyllopsora isidiolyta
A: Phyllopsora africana; B: P. breviuscula C: P. buettneri

As of December 2023, Species Fungorum accepts 48 species of Phyllopsora:[9]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Synonymy: Phyllopsora Müll. Arg". Species Fungorum. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  2. ^ Fée, Antoine Laurent Apollinaire (1825). Essai sur les cryptogames des écorces exotiques officinales (in French). Paris: Firmin Didot père et fils. p. 146; plate 33.4.
  3. ^ Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, LKT; Dolatabadi, S; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa". Mycosphere. 11: 1060–1456. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8. hdl:10481/61998.
  4. ^ a b Rikkinen, Jouko; Poinar, George O. (2008). "A new species of Phyllopsora (Lecanorales, lichen-forming Ascomycota) from Dominican amber, with remarks on the fossil history of lichens". Journal of Experimental Botany. 59 (5): 1007–1011. doi:10.1093/jxb/ern004. PMID 18319239.
  5. ^ Müller, J. (1894). "Conspectus systematicus lichenum Novae Zelandiae". Bulletin de l'Herbier Boissier (in Latin). 2 (App. 1): 1–114.
  6. ^ Kistenich, Sonja; Ekman, Stefan; Bendiksby, Mika; Timdal, Einar (2019). "(2687) Proposal to conserve the name Phyllopsora against Triclinum and Crocynia (Ramalinaceae, lichenized Ascomycota)". Taxon. 68 (3): 590–592. doi:10.1002/tax.12075.
  7. ^ May, Tom W. (2024). "Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi: 24". Taxon. 73 (2): 622–630. doi:10.1002/tax.13148.
  8. ^ Brako, Lois (1991). Phyllopsora (Bacidiaceae). Flora Neotropica. Vol. 55. New York Botanical Garden Press. pp. 1–66. JSTOR 4393825.
  9. ^ Species Fungorum. "Phyllopsora". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  10. ^ a b c d e Kistenich, Sonja; Bendiksby, Mika; Ekman, Stefan; Cáceres, Marcela E. S.; Hernández M., Jesús E.; Timdal, Einar (2019). "Towards an integrative taxonomy of Phyllopsora (Ramalinaceae)". The Lichenologist. 51 (4): 323–392. doi:10.1017/s0024282919000252.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g Timdal, Einar (2008). "Studies on Phyllopsora (Ramalinaceae) in Peru". The Lichenologist. 40 (4): 337–362. doi:10.1017/s0024282908007846.
  12. ^ a b c d Timdal, E.; Krog, H. (2001). "Further studies on African species of the lichen genus Phyllopsora (Lecanorales)". Mycotaxon. 77: 57–89.
  13. ^ a b Mishra, G.K.; Upreti, D.K.; Nayaka, S.; Haridas, B. (2011). "New taxa and new reports of Phyllopsora (lichenized Ascomycotina) from India". Mycotaxon. 115: 29–44. doi:10.5248/115.29.
  14. ^ a b c d e Elix, J.A. (2006). "Five new species of Phyllopsora (lichenized Ascomycota) from Australia". Australasian Lichenology. 59: 23–29.
  15. ^ a b c d e f Timdal, E. (2011). "The lichen genus Phyllopsora (Ramalinaceae) in the West Indies". Bibliotheca Lichenologica. 106: 319–351.
  16. ^ Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Upreti, D.K.; Mishra, G.K.; Nayaka, S.; Ingle, K. K.; Orlov, O.O.; Kondratiuk, A. S.; Lőkös, L.; Farkas, E.; Woo, J.-J.; Hur, J.-S. (2020). "New and noteworthy lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi 10" (PDF). Acta Botanica Hungarica. 62 (1–2): 69–108. doi:10.1556/034.62.2020.1-2.6.
  17. ^ a b Elix, J.A. (2006). "Additional lichen records from Australia 56". Australasian Lichenology. 58: 4–13.
  18. ^ Kondratyuk, S. Y.; Lőkös, L.; Halda, J. P.; Upreti, D. K.; Mishra, G. K.; Haji Moniri, M.; Farkas, E.; Park, J. S.; Lee, B. G.; Liu, D.; Woo, J.-J.; Jayalal, R. G. U.; Oh, S.-O.; Hur, J.-S. (2016). "New and noteworthy lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi 5" (PDF). Acta Botanica Hungarica. 58 (3–4): 319–396 [349]. doi:10.1556/ABot.58.2016.3-4.7.
  19. ^ Kaasalainen, U.; Heinrichs, J.; Renner, M.A.M.; Hedenäs, L.; Schäfer-Verwimp, A.; Lee, G.E.; Ignatov, M.S.; Rikkinen, J.; Schmidt, A.R. (2017). "A Caribbean epiphyte community preserved in Miocene Dominican amber". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. 107 (2–3): 321–331. doi:10.1017/S175569101700010X. hdl:10138/234078.
  20. ^ a b c Kistenich, Sonja; Bendiksby, Mika; Vairappan, Charles S.; Weerakoon, Gothamie; Wijesundara, Siril; Wolseley, Patricia A.; Timdal, Einar (2019). "A regional study of the genus Phyllopsora (Ramalinaceae) in Asia and Melanesia". MycoKeys (53): 23–72. doi:10.3897/mycokeys.53.33425. PMC 6551344. PMID 31191113.
  21. ^ Coppins, B.J.; James, P.W. (1979). "New or interesting British lichens IV". The Lichenologist. 11 (2): 139–179. doi:10.1017/s0024282979000190.