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Parodia

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Parodia
Parodia magnifica, Huntington Desert Garden
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Cactaceae
Subfamily: Cactoideae
Tribe: Notocacteae
Genus: Parodia
Speg.
Type species
Parodia microsperma

Parodia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cactaceae, native to the eastern slopes of the Andes in northwestern Argentina and southwestern Bolivia and in the lowland pampas regions of northeastern Argentina, southern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, and Uruguay.[1] This genus has about 65 species, many of which have been transferred from Eriocactus, Notocactus and Wigginsia. They range from small globose plants to 1 m (3 ft) tall columnar cacti. All are deeply ribbed and spiny, with single flowers at or near the crown. Some species produce offsets at the base. They are popular in cultivation, but must be grown indoors where temperatures fall below 10 °C (50 °F).[2]

Taxonomy and systematics

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The first description was published in 1923 by the Italian-Argentinian botanist Carlos Luis Spegazzini.[3] The genus is named after Domingo Parodi, one of the early investigators of the flora of Paraguay.[4] The type species is Echinocactus microspermus. Anatomical and morphological work by David Richard Hunt et. al.[5] and Reto Nyffeler[6] led to the incorporation of the genera Brasilicactus, Brasiliparodia, Eriocactus, Notocactus and Wigginsia into the genus Parodia. These studies also suggested the inclusion of the genera Blossfeldia and Frailea.

According to Reto Nyffeler, the genus Parodia can be divided into three subgenera:

  • Subgenus Parodia:
    • Group Parodia: (Parodia s. str.)
      The shoots are flat spherical, globular or columnar and rarely sprout. A tuber is rarely present. The shoot tissue usually contains no mucilage, the epidermis is usually tender. The areoles are always on the protuberances. The central and radial spines differ significantly from each other. The central spine is sometimes hooked. The flowers are funnel-shaped, styles and stigmas are always the same color. The soft fruits later dry up and open at their base.
    • Group Notocactus: (Notocactus s.str. + Wigginsia)
      The shoots are flat spherical, globular or columnar and occasionally sprout. A tuber is sometimes present. The shoot tissue usually contains mucus, the epidermis is often hard. The areoles are located in the depressions between the bumps. The central and radial spines differ. The flowers are broadly funnel-shaped to bell-shaped, styles and stigmas are usually differently colored. The fruits, which are often elongated when ripe, open differently.
  • Subgenus Eriocactus:
    The shoots are often long columnar in old age and occasionally sprout. The shoot apex is often crooked. The instinctual tissue contains no mucus. The humps are fused into straight ribs. The areoles are located between the protuberances. They are not sunken or only vaguely sunken and are often heavily woolly. The thorns are more or less bristle-like. The light to dark yellow flowers are broadly bell-shaped, styles and stigmas are the same color. The fruits have a hard pericarp and open at the base.

Species

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Species of the genus Parodia according to Plants of the World Online As of January 2023 separated into sections according to Reto Nyffeler:[7]

Subgenus Section Image Scientific name Distribution
Parodia Parodia Parodia aureicentra Backeb. Argentina (Salta)
Parodia ayopayana Cárdenas Bolivia.
Parodia chrysacanthion (K.Schum.) Backeb. Argentina (Jujuy)
Parodia columnaris Cárdenas Bolivia.
Parodia comarapana Cárdenas Bolivia.
Parodia diersiana Jucker Bolivia.
Parodia commutans F.Ritter Bolivia
Parodia formosa F.Ritter Bolivia
Parodia gibbulosoides F.H.Brandt Bolivia.
Parodia hausteiniana Rausch Bolivia
Parodia hegeri Diers, Krahn & Beckert Bolivia
Parodia horrida F.H.Brandt Argentina (Salta)
Parodia larapuntensis Diers & Jucker Bolivia (Chuquisaca)
Parodia maassii (Heese) A.Berger Bolivia to Argentina (Jujuy)
Parodia mairanana Cárdenas Bolivia (Santa Cruz).
Parodia microsperma (F.A.C.Weber) Speg. Bolivia to NW. Argentina
Parodia nivosa Backeb. Argentina (Salta)
Parodia ocampoi Cárdenas Bolivia
Parodia otaviana Cárdenas Bolivia.
Parodia prestoensis F.H.Brandt Bolivia.
Parodia procera F.Ritter Bolivia
Parodia ritteri Buining Bolivia.
Parodia schwebsiana (Werderm.) Backeb. Bolivia
Parodia stuemeri (Werderm.) Backeb. Argentina (Jujuy, Salta)
Parodia subterranea F.Ritter Bolivia
Parodia taratensis Cárdenas Bolivia
Parodia tuberculata Cárdenas Bolivia.
Notocactus Parodia allosiphon (Marchesi) N.P.Taylor Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) to Uruguay
Parodia buiningii (Buxb.) N.P.Taylor Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) to Uruguay
Parodia calvescens (N.Gerloff & A.D.Nilson) Anceschi & Magli Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) to Argentina (Corrientes)
Parodia claviceps (F.Ritter) F.H.Brandt Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) to Argentina (Misiones).
Parodia carambeiensis (Buining & Brederoo) Hofacker Brazil (Paraná)
Parodia concinna (Monv.) N.P.Taylor Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) to Uruguay
Parodia crassigibba (F.Ritter) N.P.Taylor Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)
Parodia curvispina (F.Ritter) D.R.Hunt Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)
Parodia erinaceus (Haw.) N.P.Taylor Central Colombia, Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) to NE. & S. Central Argentina
Parodia × erubescens (Osten) D.R.Hunt (P. mammulosa x P. concinna) Uruguay
Parodia fusca (F.Ritter) Hofacker & P.J.Braun S. Brazil.
Parodia gaucha M.Machado & Larocca Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul).
Parodia herteri (Werderm.) N.P.Taylor Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) to Uruguay.
Parodia horstii (F.Ritter) N.P.Taylor Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul).
Parodia ibicuiensis (Prestlé) Anceschi & Magli Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul ).
Parodia langsdorfii (Lehm.) D.R.Hunt S. Brazil.
Parodia linkii (Lehm.) R.Kiesling S. Brazil to NE. Argentina
Parodia mammulosa (Lem.) N.P.Taylor Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) to Argentina
Parodia mueller-melchersii (Frič ex Backeb.) N.P.Taylor Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) to Uruguay
Parodia muricata (Link & Otto ex Pfeiff.) Hofacker S. Brazil.
Parodia neoarechavaletae (Havlíček) D.R.Hunt Uruguay.
Parodia neobuenekeri (F.Ritter) Anceschi & Magli Brazil.
Parodia neohorstii N.P.Taylor Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)
Parodia nothorauschii D.R.Hunt Uruguay
Parodia ottonis (Lehm.) N.P.Taylor S. Brazil to NE. Argentina.
Parodia oxycostata (Buining & Brederoo) Hofacker Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul).
Parodia roseolutea (Vliet) Hofacker, A.S.Oliveira & R.Pontes Uruguay.
Parodia scopa (Spreng.) N.P.Taylor Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) to Uruguay
Parodia stockingeri (Prestlé) Hofacker & P.J.Braun Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul).
Parodia tenuicylindrica (F.Ritter) D.R.Hunt Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)
Parodia werdermanniana (Herter) N.P.Taylor Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) to Uruguay
Eriocactus (Buxb.) F.H.Brandt Parodia leninghausii (F.Haage) F.H.Brandt ex Eggli & Hofacker Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)
Parodia magnifica (F.Ritter) F.H.Brandt Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)
Parodia nigrispina (K.Schum.) F.H.Brandt Paraguay
Parodia schumanniana (Nicolai) F.H.Brandt Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) to Argentina (Misiones)
Parodia warasii (F.Ritter) F.H.Brandt Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)
Brasilicactus (Buxb.) F.H.Brandt Parodia alacriportana Backeb. & Voll Brazil
Parodia haselbergii (Haage ex Rümpler) F.H.Brandt Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)
Parodia rechensis (Buining) F.H.Brandt Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)

Synonyms

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References

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  1. ^ Anceschi, Giovanna; Magli, Alberto (2018). "A synopsis of the genusParodiaSpegazzini s.l. (Cactaceae)". Bradleya. 36 (36). British Cactus and Succulent Society: 70–161. doi:10.25223/brad.n36.2018.a9. ISSN 0265-086X. S2CID 92389189.
  2. ^ RHS A–Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.
  3. ^ Carlos Luis Spegazzini: Breves notas cactológicas. In: Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina. Band 96, 1923, S. 70.
  4. ^ Anderson 2001, p. 538.
  5. ^ D. R. Hunt et al.: Cactaceae. In: S. M. Walters et al. (Hrsg.): The European Garden Flora. Band 3, S. 202–301, Cambridge 1989
  6. ^ Reto Nyffeler: Notocactus versus Parodia – the search for a generic classification of the subtribe Notocactinae. In: Cactus Consensus Initiatives. Nr. 7, S. 6–8, 1999
  7. ^ "Parodia Speg. - Plants of the World Online". Plants of the World Online. 2020-11-18. Retrieved 2022-12-26.

Bibliography

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  • Anderson, Edward F. (2001). The Cactus Family. Pentland, Oregon: Timber Press. ISBN 978-0-88192-498-5.
  • Innes, Clive (1995). "Cacti". In Innes, Clive & Wall, Bill (eds.). Cacti, Succulents and Bromeliads. London: Cassell for the Royal Horticultural Society. pp. 11–70. ISBN 978-0-304-32076-9.
  • Media related to Parodia at Wikimedia Commons
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