Politics of Colombia

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This article is part of a series on the
Politics of Colombia
Government Constitution of Colombia Law Taxation Policy
Executive President Gustavo Petro (PH) Vice President Francia Márquez (PH) Cabinet of Colombia (Petro)
Legislature Congress of Colombia Senate President of Senate Iván Name (AV) Chamber of Representatives President of the Chamber Andrés Calle (L)
Judiciary Constitutional Court President of the Constitutional Court Cristina Pardo Supreme Court of Juistice President of the Supreme Court of Justice Luis Antonio Hérnandez Council of State President of the Council of State Jaime Enrique Rodríguez Superior Council of Judicature President of the Council of Judicature Aurelio Enrique Rodríguez
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The politics of Colombia take place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Colombia is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is carried out by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of congress, the Senate and the House of Representatives of Colombia. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.

The Economist Intelligence Unit rated Colombia a "flawed democracy" in 2022.^{[1][needs update][2]}

Colombia's present constitution, enacted on July 5, 1991, strengthened the administration of justice with the provision for introduction of an adversarial system, which ultimately entirely replaced the existing Napoleonic Code. Other significant reforms^[3] under the new constitution include civil divorce, dual nationality, a vice president's election, and departmental governors' election. Additionally, the constitution expanded citizens' fundamental rights, including the right of "tutela," which allows individuals to request immediate court action if they feel their constitutional rights are being violated and if no other legal recourse is available.

The national government has separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches.^[4]

The president is elected for a single four-year term. Between 2005 and 2015, the president could be re-elected for a second term. The 1991 constitution reestablished the position of vice president, who is elected on the same ticket as the president. By law, the vice president will succeed in the event of the president's resignation, illness, or death.

Since 2015, the president is barred from running for reelection, even for a nonconsecutive term.^[5][4]

Colombia's bicameral Congress consists of a 108-member Senate of Colombia and a 172-member Chamber of Representatives of Colombia. Senators are elected on the basis of a nationwide ballot, while representatives are elected in multi member districts co-located within the 32 national departments. The country's capital is a separate capital district and elects its own representatives. Members may be re-elected indefinitely, and, in contrast to the previous system, there are no alternate congressmen. Congress meets twice a year, and the president has the power to call it into special session when needed.

Parts of this article (those related to documentation) need to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (November 2023)

Party			Candidate	Votes	%
	Democratic Center		Iván Duque	4,044,509	67.76%
	Independent		Marta Lucía Ramírez	1,538,882	25.78%
	La Patria de Pie		Alejandro Ordóñez	385,110	6.45%
Source: Semana

Duque won the nomination, and following his victory, he selected the runner-up, Ramírez, to be the alliance's vice presidential nominee.^[6]

This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (April 2024)

Party		Votes	%	Seats
	Colombian Liberal Party	2,447,298	16.53	35
	Democratic Center	2,380,290	16.08	32
	Radical Change	2,141,108	14.47	30
	Social Party of National Unity	1,824,570	12.33	25
	Colombian Conservative Party	1,802,894	12.18	21
	Green Alliance	880,354	5.95	9
	Independent Movement of Absolute Renovation	576,998	3.90	1
	Alternative Democratic Pole	438,283	2.96	2
	Citizen Option	307,478	2.08	2
	List of Decency Coalition (ASI–UP–MAIS)	260,712	1.76	2
	Colombia Justa Libres	191,109	1.29	1
	AV–PDA	173,706	1.17	0
	Partido Somos	159,967	1.08	0
	Independent Social Alliance Movement	109,258	0.74	0
	Alternative Santandereana Coalition (AV–PDA–ASI)	70,502	0.48	1
	List of Decency Coalition (UP–MAIS)	48,318	0.33	0
	Indigenous and Social Alternative Movement	43,776	0.30	1
	Patriotic Union	42,114	0.28	0
	Common Alternative Revolutionary Force	33,951	0.23	5
	AV–PDA–UP	17,732	0.12	0
	Todos Somos Colombia	16,271	0.11	0
	Indigenous Authorities of Colombia	11,082	0.07	0
	ASI–AV–UP	4,902	0.03	0
	Regional Integration Movement	3,123	0.02	0
Vice-presidential runner-up				1
Vacant[a]				1
Blank votes		815,502	5.51	–
Total		14,801,298	100.00	169
Valid votes		14,801,298	86.95
Invalid votes		2,222,411	13.05
Total votes		17,023,709	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		36,025,318	47.25
Afro-Colombian seats
	C.C. Ancestral De Comunidades Negras Playa Renaciente	32,243	8.12	1
	Consejo Comunitario La Mamuncia	25,428	6.40	1
	C.C. De La Comunidad Negra De La Plata Bahía Málaga	17,477	4.40	0
	Consejo Comunitario Del Rio Yurumangui	14,048	3.54	0
	C.C. De Comun. Negras Palenque Vda. Las Trescientas Y Mun. Galapa	13,122	3.30	0
	Consejo Comunitario Mayor De Certegui	11,340	2.86	0
	Consejo Comunitario De Alejandro Duran Diaz	8,604	2.17	0
	Todos Somos Colombia	7,578	1.91	0
	Corporación Poder Ciudadano	7,048	1.78	0
	Consejo Comunitario Renacer Negro	6,414	1.62	0
	Consejo Comunitario Bocas Del Atrato Y Leoncito	4,219	1.06	0
	Consejo Comunitario Ma Kankamana De San Basilio De Palenque	4,179	1.05	0
	C.C. De La Comunidad Negra De La Calle Larga Rio Dagua	3,539	0.89	0
	C.C. De Los Corregimientos De San Antonio Y El Castillo	3,437	0.87	0
	Consejo Comunitario Los Andes	3,391	0.85	0
	C. C. De La Comun. Negra De Tierra Baja Mi Territorio Ancestral	3,325	0.84	0
	Consejo Comunitario Veredas Unidas Un Bien Común	3,201	0.81	0
	Consejo Comunitario Imbilpi Del Carmen	2,711	0.68	0
	Consejo Comunitario De La Comunidad Negra De Limones	2,618	0.66	0
	Consejo Comunitario Tablon Salado	2,225	0.56	0
	Fund. Afrocolombiana Liberal De Desarrollo Social (Afrocodes)	2,162	0.54	0
	Kusuto Magende Cokumalu De Luruaco	2,136	0.54	0
	Consejo Comunitario De Las Baras	1,989	0.50	0
	Consejo Comunitario De Comunidades Negras Obatala	1,766	0.44	0
	Cuenca Del Rio Iscuande	1,667	0.42	0
	Org. Social De Comunidades Negras "Nelson Mandela"	1,619	0.41	0
	Consejo Comunitario De Comunidades Negras Santo Domingo	1,505	0.38	0
	C.C. General Del Río Baudó Y Sus Afluentes "Acaba"	1,428	0.36	0
Blank votes		206,635	52.04	–
Total		397,054	100.00	2
Indigenous seat
	Indigenous and Social Alternative Movement	99,182	25.68	1
	Indigenous Authorities of Colombia	45,358	11.75	0
	ANICOL	4,409	1.14	0
	UAIZSACOR	4,156	1.08	0
	Taita Zipa Foundation	2,610	0.68	0
	Casiyouren Traditional Authority	1,946	0.50	0
Blank votes		228,488	59.17	–
Total		386,149	100.00	1
Source: MOE, MOE

The civilian judiciary is a separate and independent branch of government. Guidelines and the general structure for Colombia's administration of justice are set out in Law 270 of March 7, 1996. Colombia's legal system has recently begun incorporating some elements of an oral, accusatory system. The judicial branch's general structure comprises four distinct jurisdictions: ordinary, administrative, constitutional, and special. Colombia's highest judicial organs are the Supreme Court, the Council of State, the Constitutional Court, and the Superior Judicial Council. Although all the high courts technically oversee separate jurisdictions, the Constitutional Court has a broad spectrum of judicial oversight, often allowing it to rule on issues overseen by different jurisdictions and even weigh in directly on the rulings of other high courts.^[7]

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Media related to Politics of Colombia at Wikimedia Commons

• House of Representatives of Colombia
• Senate of Colombia
• Presidency of Colombia
• Supreme Court of Justice of Colombia