Saham al-Jawlan

Saham al-Jawlan

سحم الجولان
Saham al-Jawlan سحم الجولان
Village
	Saham al-Jawlan Saham al-Jawlan
	Coordinates: 32°46′52″N 35°56′5″E / 32.78111°N 35.93472°E
Grid position	237/243 PAL
Country	Syria
Governorate	Daraa Governorate
District	Daraa
Nahiya	al-Shajara
Population (2004)
• Total	6,572
Time zone	UTC+3 (EET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (EEST)

Saham al-Jawlan or Saham el-Golan (Arabic: سحم الجولان, romanized: Saḥam al-Jawlān) is a Syrian village in the Daraa Governorate,^[1] in the Hauran region. It had a population of 6,572 in 2004.^[2] Most residents work in the cultivation of cereals, olives and vegetables.^[1]

History

Antiquity

The village has remains dating back to the 4th century.^[3] It is also believed to be the biblical city of Golan.^[4]

Ottoman period

In 1596 Saham al-Jawlan appeared in the Ottoman tax registers as part of the nahiya of Jawlan Sarqi in the Qada of Hauran. It had a Muslim population consisting of 22 households and 15 bachelors. A fixed tax−rate of 25% were paid on wheat, barley, summer crops, goats and/or beehives; a total of 4,000 akçe.^[5]

Zionist activity

In 1891, the Agudat Ahim society headquartered in Yekatrinoslav, Russian Empire, acquired 100,000 dunams of land in Saham al-Jawlan for Jewish agricultural settlement. Due to the Turkish ban on land purchase by Palestinian Jews, the permits were acquired by Baron Edmond de Rothschild. In 1895, the village of Tiferet Binyamin was established on the land,^[6] but the Jews were forced to leave in July 1896, when the Ottomans evicted 17 non-Turkish families and issued an order that led to the expulsion of all East European Jews from the Golan Heights.^[7] A later attempt to settle the site with Syrian Jews, who were Ottoman citizens, was not successful.^[8] In 1921–1930, during the French Mandate, the Palestine Jewish Colonization Association (PICA) obtained the deeds to the Rothschild estate in Saham al-Jawlan and continued to manage it, collecting rent from the Arab peasants living there.^[9]

Modern era

From March 2017 to July 2018 Saham al-Jawlan was under the control of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.^[10] On 26 July 2018, the Syrian Army’s 4th Armored Division and Tiger Forces following an intense battle with the ISIS-affiliated Jaysh Khaled bin Walid forces managed to regain control of the town Saham al-Jawlan.^[11]

References

^ ^a ^b سحم الجولان على الشيوع ومواطنوها محرومون من رخص البناء..? (in Arabic). Thawra alwehda. 20 September 2006. Retrieved 20 January 2011.
^ General Census of Population and Housing 2004. Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). Daraa Governorate. (in Arabic)
^ Dan Urman, Paul Virgil McCracken Flesher (1998). Ancient Synagogues: Historical Analysis and Archaeological Discovery (Studia Post Biblica , No 47) (v. 1 & 2). Brill Academic Publishers. p. 426. ISBN 90-04-11254-5.
^ Rami Arav, Richard A. Freund (2004). Bethsaida: A City by the North Shore of the Sea of Galilee, vol. 3 (v. 3) (Paperback ed.). Truman State University Press. p. 42. ISBN 1-931112-39-8.
^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 198.
^ Katz, Yosef. The "business" of settlement: private entrepreneurship in the Jewish settlement of Palestine, 1900–1914, Magnes Press, Hebrew University, 1994. p. 20. ISBN 965-223-863-5
^ Separation of Trans-Jordan from Palestine, Yitzhak Gil-Har, The Jerusalem Cathedra, ed. Lee Levine, Yad Yitzhak Ben Zvi and Wayne State University, Jerusalem, 1981, p.306
^ Efraim Orni, Elisha Efrat. Geography of Israel, Israel Universities Press, 1971.
^ M. R. Fishbach, Jewish property claims against Arab countries, Columbia University Press (2008), p.161
^ Chris Tomson. "Massive rebel collapse in Daraa as ISIS sweeps through several towns". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 2019-02-10. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
^ "Syrian Army liberates more than half of ISIL's southwest Syria pocket - map". Al-Masdar. 27 July 2018. Archived from the original on 21 June 2019. Retrieved 27 July 2018.

Bibliography

Hütteroth, W.-D.; Abdulfattah, K. (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
Schumacher (1889): Across the Jordan; being an exploration and survey of part of Hauran and Jaulan p 91 ff

External links

Map of the town, Google Maps
Kafer el Ma-map; 21K

[Thawra-1] سحم الجولان على الشيوع ومواطنوها محرومون من رخص البناء..? (in Arabic). Thawra alwehda. 20 September 2006. Retrieved 20 January 2011.

[CBS-2] General Census of Population and Housing 2004. Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). Daraa Governorate. (in Arabic)

[3] Dan Urman, Paul Virgil McCracken Flesher (1998). Ancient Synagogues: Historical Analysis and Archaeological Discovery (Studia Post Biblica , No 47) (v. 1 & 2). Brill Academic Publishers. p. 426. ISBN 90-04-11254-5.

[Arav-4] Rami Arav, Richard A. Freund (2004). Bethsaida: A City by the North Shore of the Sea of Galilee, vol. 3 (v. 3) (Paperback ed.). Truman State University Press. p. 42. ISBN 1-931112-39-8.

[5] Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 198.

[KATS-6] Katz, Yosef. The "business" of settlement: private entrepreneurship in the Jewish settlement of Palestine, 1900–1914, Magnes Press, Hebrew University, 1994. p. 20. ISBN 965-223-863-5

[7] Separation of Trans-Jordan from Palestine, Yitzhak Gil-Har, The Jerusalem Cathedra, ed. Lee Levine, Yad Yitzhak Ben Zvi and Wayne State University, Jerusalem, 1981, p.306

[8] Efraim Orni, Elisha Efrat. Geography of Israel, Israel Universities Press, 1971.

[Fishbach-9] M. R. Fishbach, Jewish property claims against Arab countries, Columbia University Press (2008), p.161

[10] Chris Tomson. "Massive rebel collapse in Daraa as ISIS sweeps through several towns". Al-Masdar News. Archived from the original on 2019-02-10. Retrieved 2017-03-02.

[11] "Syrian Army liberates more than half of ISIL's southwest Syria pocket - map". Al-Masdar. 27 July 2018. Archived from the original on 21 June 2019. Retrieved 27 July 2018.

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