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Sonderkommando Elbe

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses of "Sonderkommando", see Sonderkommando (disambiguation).

Sonderkommando "Elbe"
Active7 April 1945
Country Nazi Germany
BranchLuftwaffe
Rolespecial attack interceptor
Size2,000 aircraft
2,000 volunteers
300 fighter pilots
Motto(s)"Treu, Tapfer, Gehorsam"
("loyal, valiant, obedient")
ColorsBlack and White
EngagementsAir war/aerial ramming over Germany, 7 April 1945
Insignia
RoundelBalkenkreuz
Aircraft flown
InterceptorMesserschmitt Bf 109

Sonderkommando "Elbe" was the name of a World War II Luftwaffe task force assigned to bring down heavy bombers by ramming them in mid-air.

Its sole mission took place on 7 April 1945, when a force of 180 Bf 109s managed to ram 15 Allied bombers, downing eight of them.[1][2][3]

The task force was created to cause losses sufficient to halt or at least reduce the Western Allies' bombing of Germany.[4] The pilots were expected to parachute out either just before or after they had collided with their target.

History

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A 1944 drawing by Helmuth Ellgaard illustrating "ramming"

Sonderkommando means "special command", and the Elbe is one of the main rivers in Germany.

The task force's aircraft were mostly later G-versions (Gustav) of the Messerschmitt Bf 109. Stripped of most armor and armament, the planes had one synchronized machine gun (usually a single MG 131 in the upper engine cowling) instead of up to four automatic weapons (usually including a pair of 20mm or 30mm underwing-mount autocannon) on fully equipped Bf 109G interceptors, and were only allotted 60 rounds each, a normally insufficient amount for bomber-interception missions.

Sonderkommando Elbe pilots were trained to ram one of three sensitive areas on the bombers: the empennage with its relatively delicate control surfaces, the engine nacelles which were connected to the highly explosive fuel system, or the cockpit itself. One of the most famous reports of cockpit ramming was against a Consolidated B-24 Liberator heavy bomber, nicknamed "Palace of Dallas", along with another bomber that the German plane careened into after slicing the cockpit of the Palace of Dallas.[5]

Order of battle

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Successful missions

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Rank / Name / Former Unit e/a Unit Status

  • Uffz. Heinrich Rosner, (ex-III/JG.102), two B-24 Liberators of the 389th Bomb Group; the first B-24 rammed was lead bomber 44-49524;[6] Rosner's aircraft then careened into an unidentified second B-24, possibly the deputy lead bomber 44-49533 "Palace of Dallas"[7][8] Survived
  • Obfw. Werner Linder, (ex-EJG.1), 1 B-17 Flying Fortress 388th Bomb Group,43-38869 [9][10] or 42-97195 (both Aircraft rammed)[11] Linder KIA
  • Fhr. Eberhard Prock, 1 B-17 452nd Bomb Group,[12] KIA shot down by P-51.
  • Fw. Reinhold Hedwig, 1 B-17 452nd Bomb Group,[12] KIA, Shot down by 339 Fighter Group P-51.*
  • Uffz. Werner Zell, 1 B-17 452nd Bomb Group,[12]WIA Shot down by P-51.*
  • Ogfr. Horst Siedel, 1 B-17 452nd Bomb Group,[12] KIA*
  • Lt. Hans Nagel, (ex-IV/JG.102), 1 B-17 490th Bomb Group,[12]KIA, Shot it down by conventional armament, damaged a second B-17, 43-38082 "Lady Helene", by ramming.[13]
  • Uffz. Klaus Hahn, 1 B-17 43-39126 487th Bomb Group,[14] WIA – Left arm by 4 P-51Ds fire.
  • Heinrich Henkel, 1 B-24 "Sacktime" 467th Bomb Group,[15] WIA by P-51s, Survived.
  • Unknown Bf 109 pilot, 1 B-17 42-97071 100th Bomb Group,[16] KIA
  • Unknown Bf 109 pilot, 1 B-17 43-38514 "EZ Goin" 100th Bomb Group/349th Bomb SQ (Plane badly damaged but flyable)[17][18][19] KIA(?)
  • Unknown Bf 109 pilot, 1 B-17 380550 490th Bomb Group,[20] KIA

Luftwaffe records claim at least 22–24 American aircraft fell victim to the Sonderkommando Elbe unit.

(WIA – wounded in action / KIA – killed in action)

  • As noted above there are four Luftwaffe claims of ramming against B-17s of the 452nd Bomb Group; two claims can be confirmed:
    • B-17 42-31366 "Old Outhouse" of 731st Bomb Sq [21]
    • B-17 44-8634 "Ida Wanna" of the 731th Bomb Sq [22]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "German Pilot Perspective". RootsWeb. Retrieved 2 October 2007.
  2. ^ "B-17; 44-8744; lost at 7.4.45; Pilot Lt. Burich; 385BG / 550BS - Luftwaffe and Allied Air Forces Discussion Forum". forum.12oclockhigh.net.
  3. ^ in addition to the list above B-17 44-8744 385th BG/550th BS also reported lost by ramming 7 April 1945 forum.12oclockhigh.net
  4. ^ Der Spiegel – Deutsche Kamikaze-Flieger; Himmelfahrtskommando für Hitler einestages.spiegel.de
  5. ^ #44-49533 12 O'clock High Forum
  6. ^ American Air Museum aircraft 15068 www.americanairmuseum.com
  7. ^ American Air Museum aircraft 15069 www.americanairmuseum.com
  8. ^ 12 O'clock High Forum post 110925
  9. ^ [Either B-17 42-97105 or B-17 43-38869 both reported rammed "563rd BS' #43-38869 Paula Sue?". Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 28 July 2010. 388th BG Forum]
  10. ^ American Air Museum aircraft 12874 www.americanairmuseum.com
  11. ^ American Air Museum aircraft 10210 www.americanairmuseum.com
  12. ^ a b c d e 12 O'clock high Forum post 111282
  13. ^ American Air Museum aircraft 12088 www.americanairmuseum.com
  14. ^ B-17 43-39126 damaged Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine - Wentz account
  15. ^ b-24 #42-94931 sacktimedamage 467th Bomb group, www.the467tharchive.org
  16. ^ [B-17 42-97071 rammed. "2nd Lt. Arthur R. Calder". Archived from the original on 12 December 2010. Retrieved 28 July 2010. 100th Bomb Group]
  17. ^ American Air Museum aircraft 12519 www.americanairmuseum.com
  18. ^ EZ Goin b17flyingfortress.de
  19. ^ 100th Bomb Group database 100thbg.co
  20. ^ [B-17 380558 severely damaged]
  21. ^ American Air Museum aircraft 5454 www.americanairmuseum.com
  22. ^ American Air Museum aircraft 17842 www.americanairmuseum.com

Bibliography

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  • Adrian Weir "The Last Flight of the Luftwaffe", Arms and Armour Press 1997
  • David Irving "Goering: Eine Biographie", Reinbeck bei Hamburg 1989
  • Alfred Price "The Last Year of the Luftwaffe", Arms and Armour Press 1991
  • David Irving "Hitler's War", Macmillan 1977
  • "Rise and Fall of the German Air Force 1933–1945", St. Martin Press 1983
  • William Green "Warplanes of the Third Reich", Macdonald and Jane΄s 1970
  • Martin Caidin "Flying Forts", Ballantine Books 1968
  • Werner Girbig "Six months to oblivion", Schiffer Publishing 1991
  • David Baker "Adolf Galland: The authorized biography", Presidio Press 1997
  • Herrmann Hajo "Eagle's Wings", Airlife 1991
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