Nishada (svara)

Nishada (Sanskrit: निषाद, romanized: Niṣāda) is the seventh and last svara in Hindustani music and Carnatic music.^[1][2] Nishada is the long form of the syllable नी.^[3] For simplicity in pronouncing while singing the syllable, Nishada is pronounced as Ni (notation - N).

The following is the information about Nishada and its importance in Indian classical music :

• Nishada is the seventh svara in an octave or Saptak.
• Nishada is the immediate next svara of Dhaivat (Dha).
• The svara of Nishada is Komal and Shuddha.
• It is said that Shadja is the basic svara from which all the other 6 svaras are produced. When we break the word Shadja then we get, Shad And Ja. It means that Shad is 6 and ja is 'giving birth' in Marathi.^[4] So basically the translation is :

 षड् - 6, ज -जन्म . Therefore, it collectively means giving birth to the other six notes of the music.

So the svara Ni is formed from Shadja.

• The frequency of Nishada is 450 Hz. The frequencies of the seven svaras are also given below: Sa 240 Hz, Re 270 Hz, Ga 300 Hz, Ma 320 Hz, Pa 360 Hz, Dha 400 Hz, and Ni 450 Hz, Sa 480 Hz (Taar Saptak) ........ (and so on).

Consequently, the Ni after the Dha of 900 Hz (Taar Saptak) has a frequency of 800 Hz i.e. the double of the Lower octave Ni.

• There are 2 Shruti of Nishada. Previously the main Shruti, not only for Ni but for all the other svaras, was on the last Shruti but now it is considered to be on the 1st Shurti.

For example, if these are the 2 Shruti's of Ni then,

                 Previously this was the position of the main Shruti of Ni.
                 ^ 
             1   2
             ^
             But now this position has become the main Shruti of Ni.

• All the other svaras except Shadja (Sa) and Pancham (Pa) can be Komal or Tivra svaras but Sa and Pa are always Shuddha svaras. And hence svaras Sa and Pa are called Achal Svaras, since these svaras don't move from their original position. Svaras Ra, Ga, Ma, Dha, Ni are called Chal Svaras, since these svaras move from their original position.

    Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Ni - Shuddha Svaras
   
    Re, Ga, Dha, Ni - Komal Svaras 
  
    Ma - Tivra Svaras

• Ragas from Khamaj Thaat, Kafi Thaat, Asavari Thaat and Bhairavi Thaat have Komal Nishada, rest of the thaats have Shuddha Nishada.
• Ragas where Ni is the Vadi svara - Raga Jaunpuri, Raga Tilang, etc. Ragas where Ni is the Samvadi svara - Raga Purvi, Raga Yaman, etc.
• Hypothetically speaking, Ni is said to be Nirakar Bhrama, Nirakar Bhrama as in, the three main gods, Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva were first created i.e. Sakar Bhrama (Sa) and then these three gods created Rishimuni i.e. Re and then Gandharvas were created for singing and then lord Indra or Raja Indra i.e. Mahipal was created and once the Mahipal (Raja) or the king was created, the Praja or the common citizens or the people were made, and as people have their own Dharma or duty/religion, the religion was made, when religion was made the Nirakar form of Brahma is formed i.e. Dharma created the Nirakar form of Brahma (Ni). Ni is made the acronym of Nirakar Bhrama for showing the importance of the syllable Ni. So it started with Sakar Bhrama (Sa) and ends with Nirakar Bhrama (Ni). ^{[citation needed]}
• Nishada is said to be sourced from the trumpeting of the elephant.^[5][6]
• Nishada is associated with the planet Venus. ^[5]
• Nishada is associated with Multi colours. ^[5]

• List of Ragas in Hindustani classical music
• Svara
• Shadja (Sa)
• Rishabh (Re)
• Gandhara (Ga)
• Madhyam (Ma)
• Pancham (Pa)
• Dhaivat (Dha)

Ni (svara)