List of Jewish diaspora languages
This is a list of languages and groups of languages that developed within Jewish diaspora communities through contact with surrounding languages.[1]
Afro-Asiatic languages
[edit]Cushitic languages
[edit]Semitic languages
[edit]Arabic languages
[edit]- Karaite Egyptian Arabic, based on old Egyptian Arabic[5]
Aramaic languages
[edit]-
- Galilean dialect (extinct)
Other Afro-Asiatic languages
[edit]- Judeo-Berber[1] (a group of different Jewish Berber languages and their dialects)
Austronesian languages
[edit]- Judeo-Malay (extinct)
Dravidian languages
[edit](both written in local alphabets)
Indo-European languages
[edit]Germanic languages
[edit]- Jewish English Languages
- Lachoudisch (extinct)
- Lotegorisch (extinct)[8]
- Yiddish[1]
Indo-Aryan languages
[edit]- Judeo-Gujarati[9]
- Judeo-Hindustani[10][11]
- Judeo-Marathi[11]
- Judeo-Urdu
Iranian languages
[edit]- Judeo-Bukharic (Bukhari, Bukhori, Judeo-Tajik)[12] (with some city koinés, e.g., Judeo-Tajik koiné of Samarkand)
- Judeo-Golpaygani[12] (possibly extinct)
- Judeo-Hamedani[12] (possibly extinct)
- Judeo-Kashani
- Judeo-Persian (Dzhidi, Jidi)[12]
- Judeo-Shirazi[12][13]
- Judeo-Tat (Juhuri)[14]
- Judeo-Latin (extinct or evolved into Judeo-Romance languages)
- Judeo-Aragonese (extinct, but have some impact on Judeo-Spanish citylect of Skopje)[citation needed]
- Judeo-Navarro-Aragonese with a significant Jewish koiné of Tudela (extinct)[citation needed]
- Judeo-Asturleonese (extinct, but still have some lexical traces in Judeo-Spanish)[citation needed]
- Judeo-French (Zarphatic):[1] a group of Jewish northern oïl languages and their dialects (extinct)
- Judeo-Portuguese[1] (almost extinct, still preserved in small communities of Portugal, Northern Africa and the Netherlands) and Judeo-Galician (extinct)[citation needed]
- Judeo-Provençal[1] (extinct)
- Judeo-Sicilian[15] (including the zone of so-called Meridionali Estremi (Far Southern) dialects of Sicily, Calabria and Apulia, including Judeo-Salentino of Corfu) (extinct or almost extinct)[citation needed]
- Judeo-Ferrarese† (Giudeo-Ferrarese) in Ferrara[16]
- Judeo-Modenese† (Giudeo-Modenese) in Modena[16]
- Judeo-Pitigliano/ Judeo-Pitgilianese† (Giudeo-Pitigliano/ Giudeo-Pitgiliananese) in Tuscany[16]
- Judeo-Salentinian† (Giudeo-Salentino) In Salentino[16]
- Judeo-Resan† (Giudeo-Resab) in the region of Reggio Emilia of Emilia-Romagna[16]
- Judeo-Torinese† (Giudeo-Torinese) in Turin[17]
- Judeo-Italian of Lugo Di Romanga† (Giudeo-italiano di Lugo Di Romanga) in Lugo Di Romanga[18]
- Judeo-Italian of Moncalvo† (Giudeo-italiano di Moncalvo) in Moncalvo[18]
- Judeo-Italian of Casale Monferrato† (Giudeo-italiano di Casale Monferrato) in Casale Monferrato[18]
- Judeo-Italian of Finale Emilia† (Giudeo-italiano di Finale Emilia) in Finale Emilia[18]
- Judeo-Roman (Giudeo-Romanesco) in Rome[19]
- Bagitto/Judeo-Livornese† (Bagitto/Giudeo-Livornese) in Livorno[19]
- Judeo-Florentine† (Giudeo-Fiorentino) in Florence[19]
- Judeo-Venetian† (Giudeo-Veneziano) in Venice[19]
- Judeo-Triestine† (Giudeo-Triestino) in Trieste[19]
- Judeo-Veronese† (Giudeo-Veronese) in Verona[19]
- Judeo-Reggiano† (Giudeo-Reggiano) in Reggio Emilia[19]
- Judeo-Piedmontese† (Giudeo-Piemontese) in the region of Piedmont[19]
- Judeo-Mantuan† (Giudeo-Mantovano) in Mantua[19]
Other Indo-European languages
[edit]- Judeo-Sicilian Greek (extinct)[citation needed]
- Judeo-Koiné Greek (extinct)
Kartvelian languages
[edit]- Judeo-Georgian[1][22]
- Judeo-Mingrelian (first of all — so called Zugdidi–Samurzakano dialect of Mingrelian,[23] e.g. Bandza and Senaki Jews in Western Georgia, but the tendency is to switch to Judeo-Georgian or to standard Georgian)[22] (almost extinct)
Turkic languages
[edit]- Judeo-Azerbaijani (dialect of previously Aramaic-speaking Jews of Miyandoab)[citation needed]
- Judeo-Crimean Tatar (Krymchak)[24] (almost extinct)
- Judeo-Turkish[25] (Influenced the Krymchak and some of Karaim languages, or even was the origin of some of them)
- Karaim[1] (almost extinct, most likely a group of separate Turkic languages with Kypchak and Oghuz traces With Hebrew words)[citation needed]
Creole languages
[edit]- Judaeo-Papiamento[26]
- Judeo-Manado Malay (extinct)[27]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Rubin, Aaron D.; Kahn, Lily (30 October 2015). Handbook of Jewish Languages. BRILL. ISBN 9789004297357.
- ^ Appleyard, David, "Preparing a Comparative Agaw Dictionary", in ed. Griefenow-Mewis & Voigt, Cushitic & Omotic Languages: Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium Berlin, Mar. 17-19, 1994, Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, Köln 1996. ISBN 3-927620-28-9.
- ^ Hudson, Grover (2013). "A Comparative Dictionary of the Agaw Languages by David Appleyard (review)". Northeast African Studies. New series. 13 (2): 225–229. doi:10.1353/nas.2013.0021. S2CID 143577497.
- ^ "Judeo-Arabic". Jewish Languages. Retrieved 2024-01-25.
- ^ Khan, Geoffrey (1997). "The Arabic Dialect of the Karaite Jews of Hit". Zeitschrift für Arabische Linguistik (34): 53–102. ISSN 0170-026X. JSTOR 43525685.
- ^ Khan, Geoffrey (8 June 1999). A Grammar of Neo-Aramaic: The Dialect of the Jews of Arbel. BRILL. ISBN 9789004305045.
- ^ a b c Weninger, Stefan (23 December 2011). The Semitic Languages: An International Handbook. Walter de Gruyter. p. 709. ISBN 9783110251586.
- ^ "Language Contact Manchester". languagecontact.humanities.manchester.ac.uk. Retrieved 2022-11-12.
- ^ "Asian and African studies blog: Judeo-Persian". blogs.bl.uk.
- ^ "A Unique Hebrew Glossary from India". Gorgias Press LLC.
- ^ a b "Liturgical miscellany; Or 14014 : 1800–1899 era". British Library. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
- ^ a b c d e Spolsky, Bernard (27 March 2014). The Languages of the Jews: A Sociolinguistic History. Cambridge University Press. p. 241. ISBN 9781139917148.
- ^ Borjian, Habib (2015). "Judeo-Iranian Languages". In Kahn, Lily; Rubin, Aaron D. (eds.). A Handbook of Jewish Languages. Leiden and Boston: BRILL. pp. 234–295.
- ^ Habib Borjian and Daniel Kaufman, “Juhuri: from the Caucasus to New York City”, Special Issue: Middle Eastern Languages in Diasporic USA communities, in International Journal of Sociology of Language, issue edited by Maryam Borjian and Charles Häberl, issue 237, 2016, pp. 51–74. [1].
- ^ Hary, Benjamin; Benor, Sarah Bunin (5 November 2018). Languages in Jewish Communities, Past and Present. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 9781501504631 – via Google Books.
- ^ a b c d e "Judeo-Italian". Jewish Languages. Retrieved 2024-01-19.
- ^ Ryzhik, Michael (2016-08-16). "Grammatica storica delle parlate giudeo-italiane, written by M. Aprile. 2012". Journal of Jewish Languages. 4 (2): 261–266. doi:10.1163/22134638-12340074. ISSN 2213-4387.
- ^ a b c d Minervini, Laura (2021-06-28), "Judeo-Romance in Italy and France (Judeo-Italian, Judeo-French, Judeo-Occitan)", Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.013.454, ISBN 978-0-19-938465-5, retrieved 2024-01-19
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Colasuonno, Maria Maddalena (2018-06-28), "Modern Judeo-Italian in the Light of Italian Dialectology and Jewish Interlinguistics through Three Case Studies: Judeo-Mantuan, Judeo-Venetian, and Judeo-Livornese", Jewish Languages in Historical Perspective, BRILL, pp. 122–156, doi:10.1163/9789004376588_008, ISBN 978-90-04-37658-8, retrieved 2024-01-19
- ^ International Encyclopedia of Linguistics. Oxford University Press. 1 January 2003. p. 83. ISBN 9780195139778.
- ^ Katz, Dovid (October 2012). Bláha, Ondřej; Dittman, Robert; Uličná, Lenka (eds.). "Knaanic in the Medieval and Modern Scholarly Imagination" (PDF). Knaanic Language: Structure and Historical Background: 164, 173. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
- ^ a b Lomtadze, Tamari; Enoch, Reuven (2019). "Judeo-Georgian Language as an Identity Marker of Georgian Jews (The Jews Living in Georgia)". Journal of Jewish Languages. 7: 1–26. doi:10.1163/22134638-07011146. S2CID 166295234.
- ^ THE GEORGIAN JEWS (from antiquity to 1921) (PDF) (in Russian, Georgian, English, and German). D. Baazov Museum of History of Jews of Georgia. p. 55.
- ^ "YIVO | Krymchaks". www.yivoencyclopedia.org. Retrieved 1 August 2015.
- ^ Handbook of Jewish Languages: Revised and Updated Edition. BRILL. 1 September 2017. ISBN 9789004359543.
- ^ Jacobs, Neil G. "Jewish Papiamentu". Jewish Language Project. Retrieved 2023-05-29.
- ^ Aryani, Sekar Ayu (2022). "Dialectic of Religion and National Identity in North Sulawesi Jewish Communities in The Perspective of Cross-Cultural and Religious Psychology". Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies. Yogyakarta, Indonesia: UIN Sunan Kalijaga. doi:10.14421/ajis.2022.601.199-226.