Lorry (horse-drawn)
A lorry or lorrie was a low flat horse-drawn vehicle with no sides, related to the trolley and dray.[1][2]
Vehicle delivery trailer
[edit]This version was a low-loading trolley used mainly for the carriage of other vehicles, for example for delivery from the coachbuilders or returning there for repair.
Its very small wheels were mounted under the deck which had to be wider than the track of the vehicles to be carried. It had two ramps, stowed above the back axle and below the body. These were withdrawn from the lorry and one end of each attached to the back of the deck while the other ends rested on the ground. A winch, mounted on the headboard was then used to draw the load up the ramps and onto the deck. The winch cable, low fixed sideboards and a low hinged tailboard plus lashings retained it there.
The lorry was rather like a wooden version of the modern car-carrying trailer, intended for towing behind a car, except that the wheels were wooden, with iron tyres and were not close-coupled. The front ones were on a steering undercarriage. The driver's seat was mounted on the top of the headboard.
Around 1900, the lorry developed a sturdier form for carrying the heavier motor cars. These motor car lorries were two-horse vehicles, partly because of the weight carried but also because the roll-resistance of the very small wheels had to be overcome. For the same reason, it was primarily an urban vehicle so that, on the paved roads, the small wheels were not an insurmountable handicap. In any case, the axles were sprung.
As in many fields, as time went by, people used the word perhaps without understanding its detailed meaning, so that it became applied less precisely and other configurations were given the name. By 1911, as the motor-propelled lorry (a kind of truck) developed, a pedant would have regarded it as being more the heir of the heavy trolley than of the horse-drawn lorry. However, the railway vehicles, first noted by the Oxford English Dictionary from 1838, were more like the horse-drawn road lorry. In these earlier years, it was also called a lurry. In Britain, "lorry" nowadays means any large powered truck.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Smith, D.J.M. (1988). A Dictionary of Horse Drawn Vehicles. J. A. Allen & Co. Ltd. p. 68. ISBN 0851314686. OL 11597864M.
Dray. Heavy commercial or freight vehicle, usually drawn by a team of powerful draught horses. The first known type in Europe, used during the 17th century, was a mere framework on two wheels, having neither floors nor side planks/boards. Later and larger types may have been hung on side or cross springs and usually had four wheels. All were flat, without sides or raves, although some had removable side stakes, especially those for transporting barrels. While some had a raised seat for the driver other teams were led or controlled from a standing position. With an early brewer's dray the driver frequently sat on the first barrel. Known in American cities as a Transfer Dray.
- ^ Walrond, Sallie (1979). The Encyclopaedia of Driving. Country Life Books. pp. 113, 183. ISBN 0600331822. OL 4175648M.
Dray: See Lorrie. Lorrie: A strongly built, flat-topped, four-wheeled cart, which was hung on four sidesprings. It was used for transporting heavy goods such as sacks of coal or corn and could be pulled by a single horse with shafts, or a pair with either a pole or two pairs of shafts.
- Ingram, A. Horse-Drawn Vehicles Since 1760 (1977). ISBN 0-7137-0820-4.
- Oxford English Dictionary (1971 & 1987). ISBN 0-19-861212-5.
- Horse-Drawn Carriages (archived)