Jihad of Construction

Jihad of Construction
جهاد سازندگی Jahād-e Sāzandegī
Jihad of Construction on a 200 rial banknote of 1982.
Active	1979–2001
Disbanded	2001
Country	Islamic Republic of Iran
Type	Combat engineering
Nickname(s)	"Trench-less trench-makers"
Engagements	Iran–Iraq War
Commanders
Notable commanders	Morteza Aviny (head of Jihad TV Unit)[1]

Jihad of Construction or Construction Jihad (Persian: جهاد سازندگی Jahād-e Sāzandegī), or simply Jihad (جهاد Jahād) was one of Organizations of the Iranian Revolution. The organization began as a movement of volunteers to help with the 1979 harvest, but soon was institutionalized and took on a broader, more developmental role in the countryside. It was involved with road building, piped water, electrification, clinics, schools, and irrigation canals.^[2] It also provides "extension services, seeds, loans," etc. to small farmers.^[3]

During the Iran–Iraq War, the organization held a combat engineering responsibility. They were active in various operation of the war,^[4] most notably in Operation Fath ol-Mobin,^[5] Operation Beit-ol-Moqaddas,^[6] Operation Kheibar, and Operation Dawn 8.

Iranian leader Ayatollah Khomeini has called them the "trench-less trench-makers" (سنگرسازان بی سنگر sangar-sāzān-e bi-sangar).^[7]

The organization engaged in development activities overseas in Tanzania (from 1987), Ghana and Lebanon (1989), Sudan and Sierra Leone (1991), and Albania (1993). It was also active in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bosnia and Herzegovina.^[8]

The title for a Jihad member is Jahādgar (جهادگر). The title for the commanders is Sardār-e Jahādgar (سردار جهادگر).

In 2001 it was merged with the Agriculture Ministry to form the Ministry of Agriculture Jihad.^[9]

Lob, Eric (2020). Iran's Reconstruction Jihad: Rural Development and Regime Consolidation after 1979. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-48744-3.