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Hatuey

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Hatuey of Guahabá
A large stylized bust on concrete
The monument of Hatuey, in Baracoa city, Cuba—the place he besieged the most while fighting the Spanish forces.
Cacique of Guahabá[1]
BornLate 15th century
Hispaniola
Died2 February 1512
Baracoa, Cuba
Known forBeing Cuba's "first national hero."
Monument of Taíno chief Hatuey in Yara city, depicting the moment he was burnt by Spanish soldiers, bound to a Tamarind tree planted in 1907.
Plate at the base of the monument. It reads "To the memory of Chief Hatuey, unforgettable native, precursor of the Cuban liberty, who offered his life, and glorified his rebellion in the martyrdom of the flames on 2/2/1512. Monuments Delegation of Yara, 1999".

Hatuey (/ɑːˈtweɪ/), also Hatüey (/ˌɑːtuˈeɪ/; died 2 February 1512), was a Taíno Cacique (chief) of the Hispaniolan cacicazgo of Guanaba (in present-day La Gonave, Haiti).[1] He lived from the late 15th until the early 16th century. Chief Hatuey and many of his tribesmen travelled from present-day La Gonave by canoe to Cuba to warn the Taíno in Cuba about the Spaniards that were arriving to conquer the island.

He later attained legendary status for leading a group of natives in a fight against the invasion of the Spaniards, thus becoming one of the first fighters against Spanish colonialism in the New World. He is celebrated as "Cuba's first national hero."[2]

Life and death

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In 1511, Diego Velázquez set out from Hispaniola to conquer what is now known as the island of Cuba and subjugate Cuba's indigenous people, the Taíno, who had previously been recorded by Christopher Columbus. Velázquez was preceded, however, by Hatuey, who fled Hispaniola with a party of four hundred in canoes and warned some of the Native people of eastern Cuba about what to expect from the Spaniards.[3]

Bartolomé de Las Casas later attributed the following speech to Hatuey which was addressed against Christianity. He showed the Taíno of Caobana a basket of gold and jewels, saying:

Here is the God the Spaniards worship. For these they fight and kill; for these they persecute us and that is why we have to throw them into the sea... They tell us, these tyrants, that they adore a God of peace and equality, and yet they usurp our land and make us their slaves. They speak to us of an immortal soul and of their eternal rewards and punishments, and yet they rob our belongings, seduce our women, violate our daughters. Incapable of matching us in valor, these cowards cover themselves with iron that our weapons cannot break...[4]

The Taíno chiefs in Cuba did not respond to Hatuey's message, and few joined him to fight. Hatuey resorted to guerrilla tactics against the Spaniards, and was able to confine them for a time. He and his fighters were able to kill at least eight Spanish soldiers. Eventually, using mastiffs and torturing the native people for information, the Spaniards succeeded in capturing him. On 2 February 1512, he was tied to a stake and burned alive at Yara, near the present-day city of Bayamo.[5]

Before he was burned, a priest asked Hatuey if he would accept Jesus and go to heaven. Las Casas recalled the reaction of the chief:

[Hatuey], thinking a little, asked the religious man if Spaniards went to heaven. The religious man answered yes... The chief then said without further thought that he did not want to go there but to hell so as not to be where they were and where he would not see such cruel people. This is the name and honour that God and our faith have earned.[6][7]
Image of a bas-relief of the portal of El Capitolio of Havana depicting the burning of Hatuey.
Burning of Hatuey. From a bas-relief of the portal of El Capitolio of Havana.

Legacy

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Hatuey is considered "Cuba's first national hero" and one of the earliest fighters against Spanish colonialism.[2] The town of Hatuey, located south of Sibanicú in the Camagüey Province of Cuba, was named after him.

Hatuey also lives on as a beer brand name. Beer has been brewed in Santiago de Cuba and sold under the Hatuey brand name since 1927, initially by the native Cuban company, Compañia Ron Bacardi S.A. After nationalization of industry in 1960, brewing was taken over by Empresa Cerveceria Hatuey Santiago. Beginning in 2011, the Bacardi family again began making beers in the United States to market under the Hatuey label.[8][9] Hatuey is also a brand of a type of sugary, non-alcoholic malt beverage called malta.[10][11] Hatuey is also a Dominican brand of soda cracker.[12]

The logo of the Cuban cigar and cigarette brand Cohiba is a picture of Hatuey.

In a 2010 film shot in Bolivia, Even the Rain, Hatuey is a main character in the film-within-the-film. The film includes a cinematic account of Hatuey's execution.[13]

In 2024, Heavy metal band 3 Bravo released a song titled Chief Hatuey, which is dedicated to the story of the Tainos chief. [14]

Fine arts

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The imagery of Hatuey has been appropriated and/or incorporated into diverse artistic genres, most notably into the Afro-Cuban Yiddish Opera, "Hatuey: Memory of Fire".[15][16][17] In the visual arts, multiple artists have used the Taíno chief's image, most notably Cuban-American artist Ric Garcia,[18] U.S. Marine Corps artist Donald Dickson,[19] and Australian artist damefine,[20] among others.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Taínos: Past & Present". Powhatan Museum. Archived from the original on Mar 27, 2023.
  2. ^ a b Running Fox, 'The Story of Cacique Hatuey, Cuba's First National Hero', La Voz del Pueblo Taíno (The Voice of the Taíno People) (United Confederation of Taíno People, U.S. Regional Chapter, January 1998)
  3. ^ J. A. Sierra. 'The Legend of Hatuey', The History of Cuba (August 2006). Retrieved September 9, 2006.
  4. ^ Bartolomé de Las Casas, Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies. Translated by Nigel Griffin. (London: Penguin, 1999) ISBN 0-14-044562-5[page needed]
  5. ^ Barreiro, Jose "A Note on Taino," in Akwe, Cornell, View From the Shore, Pon Press, 1990[page needed]
  6. ^ "A violent evangelism: the political and religious conquest of the Americas", Luis N. Rivera, Luis Rivera Pagán, Westminster John Knox Press, 1992, p. 260 ISBN 0-664-25367-9.
  7. ^ Brevísima relación de la destruición de las Indias, Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes. "Él, pensando un poco, preguntó al religioso si iban cristianos al cielo. El religioso le respondió que sí, pero que iban los que eran buenos. Dijo luego el cacique, sin más pensar, que no quería él ir allá, sino al infierno, por no estar donde estuviesen y por no ver tan cruel gente. Ésta es la fama y honra que Dios y nuestra fe ha ganado con los cristianos que han ido a las Indias."
  8. ^ Klein, Lee. Hatuey Beer Returns as a Microbrew. Miami New Times, Dec. 6, 2011.
  9. ^ "Bacardi Launches National Distribution of Hatuey". Brewbound. 2014-11-21. Retrieved 2020-08-24.
  10. ^ Soda Pop Stop Archived 2011-07-11 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ Quaffmaster. "Malta Hatuey". Weird Soda Review. Retrieved 2020-08-24.
  12. ^ "Hatuey".
  13. ^ Holden, Stephen (2011-02-17). "Discovering Columbus's Exploitation". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-11-15.
  14. ^ "Behind the music: Chief Hatuey". Meet 3 Bravo. 2024-03-29. Retrieved 2024-05-06.
  15. ^ Bronxnet. "OPEN Artist Spotlight with cast of Hatuey: Memory of Fire". Bronxnet. Archived from the original on 2021-05-14. Retrieved 2020-08-24.
  16. ^ "Afro-Cuban Yiddish opera with music by The Klezmatics' Frank London". Arts & Cultural Programming. Retrieved 2020-08-24.
  17. ^ "Hatuey Memory Of Fire". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2020-08-24.
  18. ^ "Hatuey: Rebel Chief – MARYLAND MILESTONES". Archived from the original on 2020-08-15. Retrieved 2020-08-24.
  19. ^ Conner, Owen L. (2020-08-06). "The Drinks of the Marine Corps: Hatuey Beer". National Museum of the Marine Corps. Archived from the original on 2021-02-26. Retrieved 2021-08-04.
  20. ^ "Hatuey Chooses Hell by damefine". www.deviantart.com. 21 December 2010. Retrieved 2020-08-24.
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