Kavangoland

Kavangoland
Kavangoland
1970–1989
	Flag Coat of arms
	Map of the bantustan.
Status	Bantustan (1968–1980); Second-tier authority (1980–1989)
Capital	Rundu
History
• Established	1970
• Re-integrated into Namibia	May 1989
Currency	South African rand
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	South West Africa
Namibia

Kavangoland was a bantustan and then later a non-geographic ethnic-based second-tier authority, the Representative Authority of the Kavangos, in South West Africa (present-day Namibia), intended by the apartheid government to be a self-governing homeland for the Kavango people.

Administrative history

Bantustan (1968–1980)

After the legal framework was established in 1968 as the Development of Self-Government for Native Nations in South-West Africa Act, 1968 (Act No. 54 of 1968),^[3] Kavangoland was set up in 1970 and self-government was granted in 1973. The Kavango Legislative Council had its administrative headquarters in Rundu; its first session opened in October 1970 in the presence of the South African Minister for Bantu Administration and Development.

Representative authority (1980–1989)

Following the Turnhalle Constitutional Conference the system of Bantustans was replaced in 1980 by Representative Authorities which functioned on the basis of ethnicity only and were no longer based on geographically defined areas.

The Representative Authority of the Kavangos had executive and legislative competencies, being made up of elected Legislative Assemblies which would appoint Executive Committees led by chairmen.

As second-tier authorities, forming an intermediate tier between central and local government, the representative authorities had responsibility for land tenure, agriculture, education up to primary level, teachers' training, health services, and social welfare and pensions and their Legislative Assemblies had the ability to pass legislation known as Ordinances.^[4]

Transition to independence (1989–1990)

Kavangoland, like other homelands in South West Africa, was abolished in May 1989 at the start of the transition to independence.

Leadership

Sebastian Kamwanga, Hompa (king) of the Gciriku and member of the Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA) was the Chairman of the Executive Committee from 1981 to 1989.^[5]

References

^ Honourable P.W. Botha, The South African Minister of Defence, officially opening the Kavango Legislative Council session, 1975 (Aäron Haufiku Nambadi. The Kavango Legislative Council 1970–1979: A Critical Analysis (page 136). 2007.)
^ Paratus (Suid-Afrikaanse Weermag, 1975).
^ "Development of Self-Government for Native Nations of South-West Africa Act, No. 54 of 1968 Republic of South Africa, 1968" (PDF).
^ https://www.lac.org.na/laws/1982/whi23.pdf ^{[bare URL PDF]}
^ Shampapi, Shiremo (13 May 2011). "Sebastian Kamwanga: A Charismatic and diplomatic Hompa". New Era. Archived from the original on 12 January 2013.