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KUSD (AM)

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KUSD
Frequency690 kHz
Programming
FormatDefunct
Ownership
OwnerUniversity of South Dakota
History
First air date
May 20, 1922 (1922-05-20)
Last air date
December 20, 1992 (1992-12-20)
(70 years, 214 days)
Former call signs
WEAJ (1922–1925)
Call sign meaning
University of South Dakota
Technical information
Facility ID62408
ClassD
Power
  • 1,000 watts (day)
  • 21 watts (night)

KUSD was a non-commercial educational radio station in Vermillion, South Dakota, United States, licensed to the University of South Dakota (USD) from 1922 until 1992. It was deleted two years later after the university decided not to replace a transmission tower that had fallen and shuttered the station. At the time of its deletion, KUSD was the oldest broadcasting station in the state of South Dakota; it was the predecessor to the present radio service of South Dakota Public Broadcasting.[1]

History

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KUSD traditionally traces its start to May 20, 1922.[1] The university was issued a license for a "Technical and Training School" station, 9YAM.[2] A then-current student and future winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics, Ernest Lawrence, was made responsible for station operations and built the transmitter.[3]

Originally there were no formal standards about which stations could make broadcasts intended for the general public, and stations under a variety of license classifications began broadcasting. On December 1, 1921, the U.S. Department of Commerce, which regulated radio at the time, adopted a regulation establishing a broadcasting station category, which set aside the wavelength of 360 meters (833 kHz) for entertainment broadcasts, and 485 meters (619 kHz) for market and weather reports.[4] On May 26, 1922, a telegram was sent to the University of South Dakota, authorizing a broadcasting station, with the sequentially assigned call letters WEAJ and operating on the 360 meter "entertainment" wavelength.[5][a]

In late 1923, the station was reassigned to 1060 kHz,[6] which was changed a year later to 1080 kHz.[7] By this time, programs included concerts and basketball games.[8] The call letters were changed to KUSD in October 1925.[9] (The KUSD call sign had been previously assigned to the steamer City of Honolulu, which caught fire and sank in October 1922.[10]) That same year, it was shut down for two weeks for rebuilding and to connect it with the new auditorium on the USD campus;[11] it emerged as the first 250-watt outlet in the state.[12] In June 1927, KUSD moved to 620 kHz, and on November 11, 1928, with the implementation of the Federal Radio Commission's General Order 40, it was assigned to 890 kHz, on a timesharing basis with KFNF in Shenandoah, Iowa, and WILL in Urbana, Illinois.[13] Broadcasting for a total of 3+1⁄2 hours a week, it aired lectures, concerts, and even a course in conversational Spanish.[14] Football games were also aired; for instance, one game between South Dakota and North Dakota, reproduced by the station on the basis of wire reports, also featured the normal KUSD program—including a talk on "The Young Victor Hugo" at halftime.[15]

In 1936, KUSD was reported to be allocated 1/8th time on its shared frequency, with a regular schedule of two hours on Monday, Wednesday and Friday, and one hour on Sunday, Tuesday and Thursday, for an annual total of 350 hours.[16] In 1937, WILL moved to a new frequency, which meant that KUSD was now timesharing with only KFNF. On March 29, 1941, with the implementation of the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement, stations on 890 kHz, including KUSD and KFNF, moved to 920 kHz.[17]

In 1952, KUSD moved to 690 kHz using a newly constructed two-tower directional antenna north of Vermillion, with the station now limited to daytime-only operation. However, this represented a significant expansion in output, as the station went from broadcasting for just three hours a day to operating from 9:30 a.m. to sunset.[18] The KUSD School of the Air, with its educational programming, served 1,000 schools in South Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, and Nebraska, and its output was also broadcast over 12 commercial radio stations.[19] A companion FM station was built, KUSD-FM, which simulcast the AM station and carried additional programming from sunset until midnight.[20] The AM station later added a restricted nighttime operation with only 20.6 watts.[21] The KUSD stations joined NPR at its launch in 1971;[22] KUSD-FM upgraded from a 10-watt station to 50,000 watts in 1975, giving it regional coverage and allowing for some split programming between AM and FM.[23] KUSD-TV, the first transmitter in the South Dakota Public Broadcasting television service, was established in 1961.[24]

In 1992, damage to guy wires holding up one of the KUSD AM transmitter towers caused it to collapse.[25] South Dakota Public Broadcasting directed the replacement of the fallen mast,[26] but instead of replacing the felled tower, it was decided to end operations of the AM station, and on August 11, 1994, KUSD's license was deleted by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).[27] At the time of its deletion, it was the oldest station in the state.[28] The other tower was removed in 1998.[29]

Note

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  1. ^ Prior to a January 1923 boundary shift to the Mississippi River, stations in South Dakota received call signs starting with "W". Afterward, they received call letters starting with "K".

References

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  1. ^ a b "Radio Membership". SDPB Magazine. April 2022. p. 3.
  2. ^ "New Stations (Special Land)". Radio Service Bulletin. January 3, 1922. p. 4. The "9" in 9YAM's call sign indicated that the station was located in the ninth Radio Inspection district, while the "Y" specified that the station was operating under a Technical and Training School license.
  3. ^ "KUSD Sees Big Stride: University Radio Station Had Tenth Present Power in 1922". Argus-Leader. Sioux Falls, South Dakota. December 4, 1941. p. 5. Retrieved July 23, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  4. ^ "Amendments to Regulations". Radio Service Bulletin. January 3, 1922. p. 10.
  5. ^ "New stations". Radio Service Bulletin. June 1, 1922. p. 5. Authorization for 360 meters issued by telegram on May 26, 1922 to the University of South Dakota. A Limited Commercial license was issued on February 5, 1923.
  6. ^ "Alterations and corrections". Radio Service Bulletin. December 1, 1923. p. 8.
  7. ^ "Alterations and corrections". Radio Service Bulletin. January 2, 1925. p. 7.
  8. ^ "Radio Station At U. Praised". Argus-Leader. Sioux Falls, South Dakota. April 11, 1924. p. 4. Retrieved July 23, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  9. ^ "Alterations and corrections". Radio Service Bulletin. November 2, 1925. p. 8.
  10. ^ "Exit 'KUSD'". Radio. December 1922. p. 10.
  11. ^ "KUSD Quiet 2 Weeks". Lead Daily Call. Lead, South Dakota. November 13, 1925. p. 1. Retrieved July 23, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  12. ^ "University Radio Station Grows To Hold Important Place in S.D." Argus-Leader. Sioux Falls, South Dakota. February 6, 1926. p. 4. Retrieved July 23, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  13. ^ "List of broadcasting stations by call letters effective 3 a. m. November 11, 1928, eastern standard time, and revised to January 10, 1929". Hearing on H.R. 15430. Federal Radio Commission. January 1929. p. 30.
  14. ^ "Three Scientific Lectures Planned for Station KUSD". Argus-Leader. Sioux Falls, South Dakota. November 18, 1929. p. 4. Retrieved July 23, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  15. ^ "Coyote-Nodak Game Will Be Broadcast". Argus-Leader. Sioux Falls, South Dakota. October 11, 1929. p. 8. Retrieved July 23, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  16. ^ "KUSD". Educational Radio Stations. 1936. p. 40.
  17. ^ "Assignments of United States Standard Broadcast Stations Listed by Frequency". p. 1426. Arrangement between the United States of America, Canada, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Mexico, comprising recommendations of the North American Regional Radio-Engineering Meeting (supplemental to North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement, Habana, 1937). Signed at Washington January 30, 1941; effective March 29, 1941
  18. ^ "New Projects Add to Campus Of University: Nearly $1 Million Goes Into Remodeling and Construction". Argus-Leader. Sioux Falls, South Dakota. June 30, 1952. p. 14. Retrieved July 23, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  19. ^ "Inventor of Atom-Smashing Cyclotron Originated University Radio Station". Argus-Leader. Sioux Falls, South Dakota. January 26, 1958. p. 36. Retrieved July 23, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  20. ^ "Department of Radio TV". Report of the Regents of Education. 1955. p. 509.
  21. ^ "South Dakota". Public Broadcasting Coverage in the United States. United States Department of Commerce. July 1989. pp. 493–498.
  22. ^ "KUSD Carrying National Public Radio Programs". Argus-Leader. Sioux Falls, South Dakota. May 4, 1971. p. 10. Retrieved July 23, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  23. ^ "Radio Station Increases Power". Argus-Leader. Sioux Falls, South Dakota. June 10, 1975. p. 12. Retrieved July 23, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  24. ^ "USD to Have Educational Television on July 5". Argus-Leader. Sioux Falls, South Dakota. July 1, 1961. p. 10. Retrieved July 25, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  25. ^ "Accident collapses KUSD radio tower". Argus-Leader. Sioux Falls, South Dakota. December 22, 1992. p. 2B. Retrieved July 23, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  26. ^ "Toppled tower replacement". Rapid City Journal. Rapid City, South Dakota. January 11, 1993. p. B3. Retrieved July 23, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  27. ^ "Station Search Details, DKUSD, Facility ID #62408". Federal Communications Commission.
  28. ^ "KUSD radio marks 60th anniversary quietly". Argus-Leader. Sioux Falls, South Dakota. May 21, 1982. p. 3C. Retrieved July 25, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
  29. ^ "Tower of power no more". Argus-Leader. Sioux Falls, South Dakota. October 15, 1998. p. 2D. Retrieved July 23, 2022 – via Newspapers.com.
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Further reading

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  • University of South Dakota entry, Education's Own Stations, S. E. Frost, Jr., 1937, pages 404–410.
  • "A History of KUSD, the University of South Dakota Radio Station" (Masters thesis) by Adrian Eugene Dalen, University of South Dakota, 1949.
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