Glacial effect (after Shackleton): The ratio of stable oxygen isotopes 16O/18O in the oceans is changed by the build up of ice sheets on the continents during glacials due to fractionated evaporation and precipitation in high latitudes. A global change in sea level of about 100 m between glacials and interglacials generates a difference of 1 per mil. The variations in the isotope ratio are archived in carbonaceous plankton shells and can be used to date quaternary sediments and reconstruct paleoclimate.
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Hannes Grobe, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
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