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File:Enclave exclave diagram.svg

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Summary

Description
English: Different territories (countries, states, counties, municipalities, etc.) are represented by different colours and letters; separated parts of the same territory are represented by the same colour and letter, with a different number added to each smaller part of that territory (the main part is identified by the letter only).
  • A (pink):
    • has 3 exclaves (A1, A2 and A3): it is impossible to go from the main part A to any of these pasts going only through territory of A; however:
      • A1 is not an enclave: you can go from A to A1 passing through C or through the sea;
      • A2 is not an enclave: it has land frontiers with more than one "foreign" territory (B and C);
      • A3 is an enclave: it is totally surrounded by B;
    • has 1 enclave (E): "foreign" territory totally surrounded by territory of A;
    • has 2 counter-enclaves, or second-order enclaves (A4 and A5): territories belonging to A which are encroached inside the enclave E;
    • has 1 counter-counter-enclave, or third-order enclave (E1).
  • B (yellow):
    • has 2 enclaves (A3 and D).
  • C (green):
    • continuous territory.
  • D (orange):
    • is an enclaved territory: it is territorially continuous, but its territory is totally surrounded by a single "foreign" territory (B).
  • E (purple):
    • is an enclaved territory: it is encroached inside A;
    • has 2 enclaves (A4 and A5) which are counter-enclaves of the territory surrounding E;
    • has 1 counter-enclave (E1) which is a counter-counter-enclave of A.
In topological terms, A and E are considered non-connected surfaces, and B, C and D are considered connected surfaces. However, C and D are also considered simply connected surfaces, while B is not (it has genus 2, the number of "holes" in B).
Português: Territórios (países, estados, municípios, etc.) diferentes são representados por cores e letras diferentes; parcelas de um mesmo território são representadas pela mesma cor e letra, sendo acrescentado um número diferente a cada uma das parcelas menores desse território (a parcela principal é identificada apenas pela letra).
  • A (rosa):
    • tem 3 exclaves (A1, A2 e A3): é impossível ir da parcela principal de A a qualquer uma destas parcelas passando apenas por território de A; no entanto:
      • A1 não é um enclave: pode ir-se a A a A1 passando por C ou através do mar;
      • A2 não é um enclave: faz fronteira com mais do que um território "estrangeiro" (B e C);
      • A3 é um enclave: está totalmente rodeado por B;
    • tem 1 enclave (E): território "estrangeiro" totalmente rodeado por território de A;
    • tem 2 contra-enclaves, ou enclaves de segunda ordem (A4 e A5): territórios pertencentes a A encravados no interior do enclave E;
    • tem 1 contra-contra-enclave, ou enclave de terceira ordem (E1).
  • B (amarelo):
    • tem 2 enclaves (A3 e D).
  • C (verde):
    • território contínuo.
  • D (laranja):
    • é um território-enclave: é territorialmente contínuo, mas o seu território está totalmente rodeado por um único território "estrangeiro" (B).
  • E (lilás):
    • é um território-enclave: está encravado em A;
    • tem 2 enclaves (A4 e A5), que são contra-enclaves do território que circunda E;
    • tem 1 contra-enclave (E1), que é um contra-contra-enclave de A.
Em termos de Topologia Matemática, A e E são considerados superfícies desconexas e B, C e D são considerados superfícies conexas. No entanto, C e D são ainda considerados superfícies simplesmente conexas, enquanto B não o é (tem género 2, o número de "buracos" existentes em B).
Date
Source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diagrama_enclave_exclave.svg
Author Gazilion

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Explanatory diagram of territorial discontinuities: Enclaves and Exclaves
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enclave or exclave

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copyright status

copyrighted, dedicated to the public domain by copyright holder

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copyright license

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inception

17 April 2014

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