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Foreign relations of Botswana

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Botswana has put a premium on economic and political integration in southern Africa. It has sought to make the Southern African Development Community (SADC) a working vehicle for economic development, and it has promoted efforts to make the region self-policing in terms of preventive diplomacy, conflict resolution, and good governance.

Diplomatic relations

[edit]

List of countries which Botswana maintains diplomatic relations with:

# Country Date
1  United Kingdom 30 September 1966[1]
2  Japan 30 September 1966[2]
3  United States 30 September 1966[3]
4  Germany 1 October 1966[4]
5  Zambia 28 November 1966[5]
6  France 2 February 1967[6]
7  Philippines 6 February 1967[7]
8  Malawi 1 July 1967[8]
9  Netherlands 10 August 1967[9]
10   Switzerland 22 August 1967[10]
11  Ethiopia 19 October 1967[5]
12  Kenya 30 October 1967[5]
13  Norway 30 November 1967[11]
14  South Korea 18 April 1968[12]
15  Austria 5 December 1968[13][14]
16  Canada 19 December 1968[15]
17  Nigeria 1968[16]
18  Czech Republic 2 March 1970[5]
19  Russia 17 March 1970[17]
20  Serbia 5 September 1970[18]
21  Sweden 19 December 1970[19]
22  Italy 1970[20]
23  Denmark 24 September 1971[21]
24  Romania 7 October 1971[22]
25  Belgium 9 November 1971[21]
26  Tanzania 29 November 1971[23]
27  India 5 December 1972[24]
28  Israel December 1972[25]
29  Egypt 7 March 1973[26]
30  Lesotho April 1973[27]
31  Australia 9 July 1973[28]
—  North Korea (suspended) 27 December 1974[29]
32  China 6 January 1975[30]
33  Guyana 28 October 1975[31]
34  Mexico 5 December 1975[32]
35  Mozambique 1975[33]
36  Angola 18 February 1976[34]
37  Libya 14 March 1977[35]
38  Eswatini 20 May 1976[36]
39  Cuba 9 December 1977[37]
40  Argentina 28 March 1978[38]
41  Greece 10 April 1978[38]
42  Finland 1 July 1978[39]
43  Poland 22 November 1978[38]
44  Ghana 21 May 1979[40]
45  Portugal 21 April 1980[41]
46  Hungary 30 April 1980[42]
47  Turkey 20 January 1981[38]
48  Spain 29 April 1981[43]
49  Jamaica 4 May 1982[38]
50  Bulgaria 16 August 1982[44]
51  Albania 30 August 1982[45]
52  Zimbabwe 31 May 1983[46]
53  Bangladesh 21 June 1983[47]
54  Thailand 29 November 1985[48]
55  Brazil 26 September 1985[38]
56  Iraq 10 July 1986[49]
57  Pakistan 20 August 1986[50]
58  New Zealand 1987[51]
59  Seychelles 30 September 1988[38]
60  Vanuatu 1 November 1988[52]
61  Iceland 1988[53]
62  Colombia 25 April 1989[38]
63  Namibia 26 July 1990[54]
64  Malaysia 26 November 1990[55]
65  Iran 1990[56]
66  Tunisia 11 November 1992[38]
67  Singapore 30 August 1993[57]
68  South Africa 22 June 1994[58]
69  Kuwait 10 June 1996[59]
70  Ireland 1996[60]
71  Chile 13 October 1997[61]
72  Trinidad and Tobago 11 May 1998[38]
73  Bahamas 13 September 2000[62]
74  Slovakia 29 March 2001[63]
75  Latvia 17 March 2003[64]
76  Estonia 3 June 2003[65]
77  Lithuania 17 February 2004[66]
78  Ukraine 4 March 2004[67]
79  Rwanda September 2004[68]
80  Malta 6 January 2005[69]
81  Cyprus 22 February 2005[38]
82  Morocco 27 June 2005[38]
83  Slovenia 20 July 2005[38]
84  Madagascar August 2005[70]
85  Croatia 9 September 2005[71]
86  Mauritius 7 February 2006[72]
87  Belarus 15 March 2006[38]
88  United Arab Emirates 28 April 2006[73]
89  Luxembourg 11 May 2006[74]
90  Dominican Republic 6 October 2006[75]
91  Republic of the Congo 9 November 2006[38]
92  Qatar 20 November 2006[38]
93  Equatorial Guinea 13 December 2006[76]
94  Barbados 20 December 2006[38]
95  Gabon 21 December 2006[38]
96  Niger 21 December 2006[38]
97  Sudan 10 January 2007[38]
98  Burkina Faso 12 January 2007[38]
99  Benin 21 February 2007[38]
100  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 22 February 2007[38]
101  Saudi Arabia 1 March 2007[77]
102  Burundi 13 March 2007[38]
103  Djibouti 14 March 2007[78]
104  Guinea 20 April 2007[38]
105  Uruguay 4 May 2007[45]
106  Guatemala 7 May 2007[38]
107  Mauritania 9 May 2007[38]
108  Ecuador 4 June 2007[38]
109  Mali 5 June 2007[38]
110  Ivory Coast 6 June 2007[38]
111  Venezuela 9 July 2007[38]
112  Paraguay 16 July 2007[38]
113  Honduras 19 July 2007[38]
114  Dominica 23 July 2007[38]
115  Nicaragua 28 August 2007[38]
116  Costa Rica 11 September 2007[79]
117  Antigua and Barbuda 6 December 2007[38]
118  Suriname 6 December 2007[38]
119  Belize 28 February 2008[80]
120  Bosnia and Herzegovina 15 September 2008[38]
121  Sri Lanka 27 October 2008[38]
—  Holy See 4 November 2008[81]
122    Nepal 8 January 2009[38]
123  Vietnam 11 February 2009[38]
124  Saint Kitts and Nevis 25 June 2009[38]
125  North Macedonia 4 September 2009[38]
126  Panama 15 December 2009[38]
127  Georgia 15 January 2010[38]
128  Samoa 18 March 2010[38]
129  Guinea-Bissau 22 March 2010[38]
130  Montenegro 16 July 2010[38]
131  Liberia 21 September 2010[82]
132  Solomon Islands 18 November 2010[83]
133  Papua New Guinea 2010[84]
134  Monaco 24 February 2011[38]
135  Fiji 28 June 2011[38]
136  South Sudan 9 July 2011[85]
137  Indonesia 28 March 2012[86]
138  Uganda 4 September 2012[87]
139  Chad 9 February 2015[88]
140  Sierra Leone 16 February 2015[89]
141  Senegal 16 March 2015[90]
—  State of Palestine 8 March 2017[38]
—  Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 31 May 2018[91]
142  Comoros 26 September 2018[38]
143  Togo 18 March 2021[92]
144  Central African Republic 18 October 2021[93]
145  Algeria 10 August 2022[94]
146  Democratic Republic of the Congo 9 February 2023[95]
147  Mongolia 6 December 2023[38]
148  Saint Lucia 6 December 2023[38]
149  Tajikistan 6 December 2023[38]
150  Laos 11 December 2023[38]
151  Maldives 11 December 2023[38]
152  Armenia 14 December 2023[96]
153  Gambia 13 February 2024[97]
154  Bolivia 1 August 2024[38]
155  Uzbekistan 26 September 2024[98]

Bilateral relations

[edit]
Country Formal relations began Notes
 Australia 1973
  • Australia is accredited to Botswana from its high commission in Pretoria, South Africa.
  • Botswana has a high commission in Canberra and a consulate in Kendall[99]
 Brazil 26 September 1985 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 September 1985[100]
  • Botswana has an embassy in Brasília.
  • Brazil has an embassy in Gaborone.
 China 6 January 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 January 1975[101]

See Botswana–China relations

  • Botswana has an embassy in Beijing.
  • China has an embassy in Gaborone.
 Greece 10 April 1978 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 April 1978[102]
  • Botswana is accredited to Greece from its Permanent Representation to the United Nation Office in Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Greece is accredited to Botswana from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.[103]
 Guyana 28 October 1975
  • Both countries have established diplomatic relations on 28 October 1975.[104]
  • Guyana is accredited to Botswana from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City.[105]
  • Both countries are full members of Commonwealth of Nations.
 India 17 January 1972 See Botswana–India relations
  • Botswana has a high commission in New Delhi.
  • India has a high commission in Gaborone.
 Indonesia 28 March 2012 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 2012[106]
  • Botswana is accredited to Indonesia from its high commission in Canberra, Australia.[107]
  • Indonesia is accredited to Botswana from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.[107][108]
 Israel See Botswana–Israel relations
  • Botswana is accredited to Israel from its high commission London, United Kingdom.
  • Israel is accredited to Botswana from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.
 Kenya 30 October 1967[109] See Botswana–Kenya relations
  • Botswana has a high commission in Nairobi.
  • Kenya has a high commission in Gaborone.
 Mexico 5 December 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 December 1975[110]
  • Botswana is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.[111]
  • Mexico is accredited to Botswana from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa.[112]
 Namibia 11 September 1990 See Botswana–Namibia relations

Botswana–Namibia relations are friendly, with the two neighbouring countries cooperating on economic development. Botswana gained independence from Britain in September 1966. Namibia gained independence from South Africa in 1990 following the South African Border War.

  • Botswana has a high commission in Windhoek.
  • Namibia has a high commission in Gaborone.
 North Korea 27 December 1974,[113] but severs 19 February 2014[114] See Botswana–North Korea relations
 Russia 6 March 1970 See Botswana–Russia relations

Botswana and the Soviet Union initiated diplomatic relations on 6 March 1970. Despite its pro-Western orientation, Botswana participated in the 1980 Summer Olympics. The present-day relations between the two countries are described as friendly and long standing. In March, the two countries also celebrated the 35th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations. According to the minister of Foreign Affairs, Russia was one of the first countries to establish full diplomatic relations with Botswana.[115]

Trade and economic cooperation between Russia and Botswana are stipulated by the Trade Agreement of 1987 and the Agreement on Economic and Technical Cooperation of 1988. The Government of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Republic of Botswana signed the Agreement on Cultural, Scientific and Educational Cooperation in September 1999. Russia and Botswana have had fruitful cooperation in a variety of fields, particularly in human resource development. And Russia is still offering more scholarship in key sectors such as health, which is currently experiencing a critical shortage of manpower. Botswana also is one of the countries where Russian citizens do not require a visa.[116] Russia has an embassy in Gaborone, while Botswana covers Russia from its embassy in Stockholm (Sweden) and an honorary consulate in Moscow.

 South Africa 22 June 1994 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 June 1994[117]

See Botswana–South Africa relations

 South Korea 18 April 1968 The establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and the Republic of Botswana began on 18 April 1968.[118] In 2011 the number of South Koreans living in Botswana amounted to 163.[119] Since 2014, the government of Botswana recognized ROK as the sole legitimate government of Korea.[120]
 Turkey 20 January 1981[121]
  • Permanent Representation of Botswana in the UN Geneva Office is also accredited to Turkey.
  • Turkey has an embassy in Gaborone[122]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was US$2.9 million in 2019.[122]
 United Kingdom 30 September 1966 See Botswana–United Kingdom relations

Botswana established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 30 September 1966.

The UK governed Botswana from 1885 to 1966, when it achieved full independence.

Both countries share common membership of the Commonwealth, the International Criminal Court, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the SACUM–UK Economic Partnership Agreement.[125]

 United States 30 September 1966[126] See Botswana–United States relations
Embassy of Botswana in Washington, D.C.

The United States considers Botswana an advocate of and a model for stability in Africa and has been a major partner in Botswana's development since its independence. The U.S. Peace Corps returned to Botswana in August 2002 with a focus on HIV/AIDS-related programs after concluding 30 years of more broadly targeted assistance in 1997. Similarly, the USAID phased out a long-standing bilateral partnership with Botswana in 1996, after successful programs emphasizing education, training, entrepreneurship, environmental management, and reproductive health. Botswana, however, continues to benefit along with its neighbours in the region from USAID's Initiative for Southern Africa, now based in Pretoria, and USAID's Southern Africa Global Competitiveness Hub, headquartered in Gaborone. The United States International Board of Broadcasters (IBB) operates a major Voice of America (VOA) relay station in Botswana serving most of the African continent.

In 1995, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) started the BOTUSA Project in collaboration with the Botswana Ministry of Health in order to generate information to improve tuberculosis control efforts in Botswana and elsewhere in the face of the TB and HIV/AIDS co-epidemics. Under the 1999 U.S. Government's Leadership and Investment in Fighting an Epidemic (LIFE) Initiative, CDC through the BOTUSA Project has undertaken many projects and has assisted many organizations in the fight against the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Botswana. Botswana is one of the 15 focus countries for PEPFAR, the President's Emergency Plan for Aids Relief, and has received more than $230 million since the program began in January 2004 through September 2007. PEPFAR assistance to Botswana, which totalled $76.2 million in FY 2007, is contributing to HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, and care interventions.

The Governments of Botswana and the United States entered into an agreement in July 2000 to establish an International Law Enforcement Academy (ILEA) in Gaborone. The academy, jointly financed, managed and staffed by the two nations, provides training to police and government officials from across the Sub-Saharan region. The academy's permanent campus, in Otse outside of Gaborone, opened March 2003. Over 3,000 law enforcement professionals from Sub-Saharan Africa have received training from ILEA since it began offering classes in 2001.

  • Botswana has an embassy in Washington, D.C.
  • United States has an embassy in Gaborone.
 Zimbabwe 31 May 1983 See Botswana–Zimbabwe relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 May 1983[127]

Botswana still struggles to seal its border from thousands of Zimbabweans who flee economic collapse and political persecution. In 2015, 22,000 Zimbabweans were arrested and deported. This has increased to nearly 29,000 deportations in 2018.[128]

  • Botswana has an embassy in Harare.
  • Zimbabwe has an embassy in Gaborone.

Botswana and the Commonwealth of Nations

[edit]

Botswana has been a republic in the Commonwealth of Nations since independence in 1966.

Botswana and FOSS

[edit]

Bahrain has been a member of The Forum of Small States (FOSS) since the group's founding in 1992.[129]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ The Diplomatic Service List. Great Britain. Diplomatic Service Administration Office. 1970. pp. 136–149.
  2. ^ "Botswana And Japan Celebrate 50 Years of Diplomatic Relations". Botswana Guardian. 5 August 2016. Archived from the original on 1 August 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  3. ^ "All Countries". Office of the Historian. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
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  5. ^ a b c d Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. pp. 82–87.
  6. ^ "Liste Chronologique des Ambassadeurs, Envoyés Extraordinaires, Ministres Plénipotentiaires et Chargés D'Affaires de France à L'Étranger Depuis 1945" (PDF) (in French). p. 44.
  7. ^ "Today we celebrate 50 years of formal diplomatic relations with Botswana!". 6 February 2017. Retrieved 31 July 2023.
  8. ^ Report. Malawi. Police Force. 1968. p. 2.
  9. ^ Jaarboek van het Departement van Buitenlandse Zaken Volumes 86-90 (in Dutch). Netherlands. Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken. 1967. p. 152.
  10. ^ "Ernennung eines schweizerischen Botschafters in Botswana und Lesotho. Sitz in Pretoria". dodis.ch (in German). Retrieved 4 July 2023.
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  13. ^ Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa, Capetown Volume 2. 1970. p. 458. Austrian Ambassador , Paul Zedwitz , presenting his credentials to Sir Seretse Khama , 5 Dec. 1968 . at Gaberones
  14. ^ Diplomatic, Consular and International Organisations List. Republic of Botswana. 1971. p. 1. 5.12.68 His Excellency Dr. Paul Zedtwitz, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Austria (Resident in Pretoria).
  15. ^ Linwood, DeLong (January 2020). "A Guide to Canadian Diplomatic Relations 1925-2019". Retrieved 26 June 2023.
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  20. ^ "Dr. Filippo Scammacca Del Murgo e Dell Agnone presented his credentials to Dr. Sertese Khama Ian Khama". Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Botswana in Facebook. 16 March 2016. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
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  26. ^ ARR, Arab Report and Record. Vol. 1–18, 21–24. 1973. p. 7.
  27. ^ "Ежегодник Большой Советской Энциклопедии. 1974. Выпуск восемнадцатый: Зарубежные страны" (PDF) (in Russian). p. 322. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 June 2023. Retrieved 1 March 2024.
  28. ^ Facts and Figures of Australia at War. Vol. 119. Australian News and Information Bureau, Department of the Interior. 1973. p. 95.
  29. ^ "DPRK Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). NCNK. 2016. pp. 8–9. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
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  32. ^ Informe de labores – Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores (in Spanish). Mexico. Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores. 1976. pp. 26 and 36–37.
  33. ^ "The High Commissioner of Mozambique, His Excellency Domingos Fernades presenting his Letters of Credence to the President of Botswana, His Excellency Lt. Gen. Dr. Seretse Khama Ian Khama, on 2 February 2016". 4 February 2016. Retrieved 18 August 2023 – via Facebook.
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  35. ^ ARR: Arab Report and Record. Economic Features, Limited. 1977. p. 165.
  36. ^ Directory of the Diplomatic Corps and International Organizations. Botswana, Botswana. Office of the President. External Affairs. 1978. p. 3.
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  38. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf "Diplomatic relations between Botswana and ..." United Nations Digital Library. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
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  40. ^ Sub-Saharan Africa Report – Issues 2121-2127. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1979. p. 8.
  41. ^ "Países" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  42. ^ Hungary – Page 170. Pannonia Press, 1980.
  43. ^ "Ficha de paises y territorios" (in Spanish). Retrieved 13 August 2022.
  44. ^ Keesing's Contemporary Archives – Page 32055. Keesing's Limited., 1983.
  45. ^ a b Keesing's Contemporary Archives – Page 32055. Keesing's Limited., 1983.
  46. ^ Southern African Political History: A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999. p. 103.
  47. ^ News Review on South Asia and Indian Ocean. Institute for Defence Studies & Analyses., 1983. p. 442.
  48. ^ "อเมริกาและแปซิฟิก" (in Thai). Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  49. ^ Sub-Saharan Africa Report. United States Joint Publications Research Service. 18 August 1986. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
  50. ^ Pakistan Horizon – Volume 39. Pakistan Institute of International Affairs. 1986. p. 108.
  51. ^ "New Zealand Heads of Overseas Missions – B". mfat.govt.nz. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009.
  52. ^ "Vanuatu Diplomatic Relations" (PDF). mfaicet.gov.vu. p. 50. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 September 2024. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  53. ^ "Iceland – Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Government of Iceland. Retrieved 1 August 2021.
  54. ^ Mushelenga, Samuel Abraham Peyavali (2008). "Foreign policy-making in Namibia : the dynamics of the smallness of a state" (PDF). pp. 254–259.
  55. ^ Southern African Political History A Chronology of Key Political Events from Independence to Mid-1997. Greenwood Press. 1999. p. 108. ISBN 9780313302473. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  56. ^ "Revolutionary Iran's Africa Policy" (PDF). 1 June 2021. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
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  59. ^ Daily Report: Africa (Sub-Sahara). Vol. 96. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1996. Botswana: Diplomatic Relations With Kuwait Established
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  61. ^ "Reseña histórica de la presencia chilena en África" (in Spanish). p. 6. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  62. ^ "Botswana: Mogae Off to Bahamas on Four-Day Official Visit". 12 September 2000. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
  63. ^ "Štáty a teritóriá" (in Slovak). Retrieved 26 May 2023.
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  65. ^ "Diplomaatiliste suhete (taas)kehtestamise kronoloogia" (in Estonian). 30 January 2018. Retrieved 26 October 2022.
  66. ^ "List of countries with which Lithuania has established diplomatic relations". Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
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  68. ^ "Rwanda Botswana relations symbiotic". 11 August 2024. Retrieved 12 August 2024.
  69. ^ "Botswana – Agreement on the establishment of Diplomatic Relations between the Republic of Malta and the Republic of Botswana". Archived from the original on 24 December 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
  70. ^ "Coopération : le Botswana s'intéresse à la Grande île". newsmada.com (in French). 15 February 2017. Archived from the original on 20 February 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2023.
  71. ^ "Bilateral relations – Date of Recognition and Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Croatia. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  72. ^ "Non-Resident Diplomatic Missions Accredited to Mauritius". Archived from the original on 12 June 2008. Retrieved 30 July 2024.
  73. ^ "UAE and Botswana establish diplomatic relations". 29 April 2006.
  74. ^ "Corps diplomatique accredité à Luxembourg – 2009" (PDF) (in French). 2009. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
  75. ^ "Establecimiento De Relaciones Diplomáticas" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 4 October 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
  76. ^ "Acuerdos Firmados Entre Guinea Euatorial Y Botswana" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 August 2023.
  77. ^ "Saudi Arabia, Botswana Establish Diplomatic Relations". 1 March 2007. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
  78. ^ "Etat des relations". Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres et de la Cooperation Internationale Djibouti (in French). Archived from the original on 18 August 2013. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
  79. ^ "Celebramos 13 años de relaciones diplomáticas con la República de Botsuana y Costa rica" (in Spanish). 11 September 2020.
  80. ^ "Bilateral Relations: B". Botswana: Ministry of Foreign Affairs & International Cooperation. Archived from the original on 22 December 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  81. ^ "Diplomatic relations of the Holy See". Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  82. ^ "Download Full Version – Government of Botswana". 26 September 2010. p. 3. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
  83. ^ "Solomons, Botswana establish diplomatic relations". Pacific Islands Report. 19 November 2010. Archived from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  84. ^ "Botswana puts spotlight on trust". Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  85. ^ "State visit to Botswana by the President of the Republic of South Sudan" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  86. ^ "Indonesia dan Bostwana Buka Hubungan Diplomatik". internasional.kompas.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  87. ^ "Museveni receives credentials of 9 new envoys". 4 September 2012. Retrieved 9 September 2023.
  88. ^ "Botswana: ICC Plays Critical Role". allAfrica. 9 February 2015. Archived from the original on 27 October 2015. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  89. ^ "Botswana: Sierra Leone, Belgium Envoys Present Credentials". 16 February 2015. Retrieved 17 August 2023.
  90. ^ "Botswana: Qatar, Senegal Envoys Present Credentials". 16 March 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  91. ^ "La RASD y Botswana anuncian establecimiento de relaciones diplomáticas a nivel de embajadores". June 2018.
  92. ^ "Botswana's Ambassador to the Republic of Togo Presents Letters of Credence". 26 March 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2023 – via Facebook.
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References

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Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Bilateral Relations Fact Sheets. United States Department of State.

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