Erwin Jaenecke

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Erwin Jaenecke
Born	(1890-04-22)22 April 1890 Freren, German Empire
Died	3 July 1960(1960-07-03) (aged 70) Cologne, West Germany
Allegiance	German Empire (to 1918)  Weimar Republic (to 1933)  Nazi Germany
Service / branch	German Army
Years of service	1911–45
Rank	Generaloberst
Commands	IV. Armeekorps 17th Army
Battles / wars	World War I Spanish Civil War World War II
Awards	Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross Order of Michael the Brave

Erwin Jaenecke (22 April 1890 – 3 July 1960), was a general in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II who commanded the 17th Army. Jaenecke fought in the Spanish Civil War as part of the Condor Legion On 26 April 1937, Jaenecke was involved in the Bombing of Guernica. After the bombing, he reported the operation as a success.

"In and of itself, Guernica was a complete success for the Luftwaffe."^[1]

Jaenecke served on the Eastern Front as commander of the 389th Infantry Division and later the IV Army Corps. He was wounded at the Battle of Stalingrad and flown out as one of the last higher officers.^[2]

In April 1943 he commanded the LXXXII Army Corps, and from 25 June the 17th Army in the Caucasus and later the Crimean Peninsula. In a 29 April 1944 meeting with Adolf Hitler in Berchtesgaden, Jaenecke insisted that Sevastopol should be evacuated. He was relieved of his command afterward.

Later, he was held responsible for the loss of Crimea, arrested in Romania and court-martialed. Heinz Guderian was appointed as a special investigator in the case. Guderian proceeded slowly and eventually Jaenecke was quietly acquitted in June 1944. Jaenecke was dismissed from the army on 31 January 1945. On 15 June 1945 he was arrested by the Soviet authorities and sentenced to 25 years of hard labor for war crimes committed under his army command in 1942. He was released in 1955.

• Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 9 October 1942^[3]

• Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.

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