Dot moth

Dot moth
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Superfamily:	Noctuoidea
Family:	Noctuidae
Genus:	Melanchra
Species:	M. persicariae
Binomial name
	Melanchra persicariae; (Linnaeus, 1761)

The dot moth (Melanchra persicariae) is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1761. It is a very distinctive species with very dark brown, almost black, forewings marked with a large white stigma from which the species gets its common name. The hindwings are grey with a dark band at the termen. The wingspan is 38–50 mm. It flies at night in July and August^[1] and is attracted to light, sugar and flowers.

Distribution

The distribution area ranges from Spain in the west to Korea and Japan. It is found throughout Europe apart from the south-east. To the north it is found in Scotland and southern Fennoscandia, east through southern Russia, the Russian Far East and Siberia and Central Asia to the Kamchatka Peninsula. Then northern China to Korea and Japan. The southern boundary runs through northern Spain, Italy (except for Sicily), Macedonia, Bulgaria, Asia Minor, the southern Caucasus, northern Iran. In the Alps it rises up to about 1000 m.

Technical description and variation

Forewing purplish black; the lines and edges of stigmata blacker; reniform filled up with cream white round a rufous centre; submarginal line yellowish white broken up into spots preceded by black wedgeshaped marks; hindwing dirty whitish with broad blackish terminal border; the veins and cellspot blackish; fringe paler. — ab. accipitrina Esp. has the reniform dark with a slight paler external border; it does not occur in Britain, though common in Europe, nor have I seen it from Japan, but Oberthur records it from Askold Island.^[1]

Figs 4, 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d larva after last moult

The larva is rather variable in colour, being green, brown or even purplish or pinkish; dorsal line pale; a series of thick green V-shaped marks on dorsum, those on 4, 5, and 11 broader, the 11th segment humped; marked with lighter than the ground colour diagonal markings. It is polyphagous, feeding on a wide variety of plants (see list below). The species overwinters as a pupa.

Recorded food plants

Aconitum
Actaea
Aegopodium – ground-elder
Alnus – grey alder
Aquilegia – columbine
Betula – silver birch
Calluna – heather
Campanula
Cirsium – creeping thistle
Delphinium
Hieracium – hawkweed
Impatiens – touch-me-not balsam
Larix – larch
Lupinus – lupin
Lysimachia – yellow loosestrife
Petunia
Phlox
Polygonum
Prunus – bird cherry
Pteridium – bracken
Quercus – holm oak
Ribes – currant
Rubus – raspberry
Rudbeckia
Salix – willow
Sambucus – elder
Solidago – goldenrods
Sorbus – rowan
Spinacia – spinach
Tagetes
Tropaeolum – nasturtium
Urtica – nettle
Vaccinium – bilberry

See Robinson, G. S. et al.^[2]

Habitat

Melanchra persicariae occupies a wide range of habitats including woodland, field or meadow edges, hedgerows and gardens

Notes

^ The flight season refers to the British Isles. This may vary in other parts of the range.

References

^ Seitz, A. Ed., 1914 Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde, Verlag Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart Band 3: Abt. 1, Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen eulenartigen Nachtfalter, 1914
^ Robinson, Gaden S.; Ackery, Phillip R.; Kitching, Ian J.; Beccaloni, George W.; Hernández, Luis M. (2010). "Search the database - introduction and help". HOSTS - A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. Natural History Museum, London.

Chinery, Michael (1986, reprinted 1991). Collins Guide to the Insects of Britain and Western Europe.
Skinner, Bernard (1984). The Colour Identification Guide to Moths of the British Isles.

External links

Kimber, Ian. "73.270 BF2155 Dot Moth Melanchra persicariae (Linnaeus, 1761)". UKMoths. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
Savela, Markku. "Melanchra persicariae (Linnaeus, 1761)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved 30 June 2019.
Lepiforum e.V.
De Vlinderstichting (in Dutch)

[1] Seitz, A. Ed., 1914 Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde, Verlag Alfred Kernen, Stuttgart Band 3: Abt. 1, Die Großschmetterlinge des palaearktischen Faunengebietes, Die palaearktischen eulenartigen Nachtfalter, 1914

[2] Robinson, Gaden S.; Ackery, Phillip R.; Kitching, Ian J.; Beccaloni, George W.; Hernández, Luis M. (2010). "Search the database - introduction and help". HOSTS - A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. Natural History Museum, London.

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