Avicularioidea
| Avicularioidea Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Male Avicularia juruensis | |
| |
| Porrhothele antipodiana | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Mygalomorphae |
| Clade: | Avicularioidea Simon 1874 |
| Families | |
Avicularioidea is a clade of mygalomorph spiders, one of the two main clades into which mygalomorphs are divided (the other being the Atypoidea). It has been treated at the rank of superfamily.
Taxonomy
[edit]The division of the Mygalomorphae into two clades, Atypoidea and Avicularioidea, has been established in many studies.[1][2][3][4] Avicularioidea has been treated as a superfamily (at one time including all mygalomorph spiders),[5] although other authors have placed superfamilies, such as Theraphosoidea, within Avicularioidea.[1] The name is based on the family name "Aviculariidae", a junior synonym of Theraphosidae,[6] ultimately deriving from the genus Avicularia.
The Atypoidea retain some vestiges of abdominal segmentation in the form of dorsal tergites; the Avicularioidea lack these. Relationships within the Avicularioidea are not settled as of September 2018[update]. Some established families have been shown not to be monophyletic. In 2018, the family Hexathelidae was split up, and three new families created within the Avicularioidea: Atracidae, Macrothelidae, and Porrhothelidae.[3] Further changes are possible in the future.[2]
Families
[edit]The families included in the Avicularoidea as of January 2024[update] are:[2][3][4]
- Actinopodidae
- Anamidae[7]
- Atracidae – Australian funnel-web spiders
- Barychelidae – brushed trapdoor spiders
- Bemmeridae[7]
- Ctenizidae
- Cyrtaucheniidae – wafer trapdoor spiders
- Dipluridae – curtain-web spiders
- Entypesidae[7]
- Euagridae[7]
- Euctenizidae
- Halonoproctidae
- Hexathelidae
- Idiopidae – armoured trapdoor spiders
- Ischnothelidae[7]
- Macrothelidae
- Microhexuridae[7]
- Microstigmatidae
- Migidae – tree trapdoor spiders
- Nemesiidae
- Paratropididae – baldlegged spiders
- Porrhothelidae
- Pycnothelidae[7]
- Stasimopidae[7]
- Theraphosidae – tarantulas
Also included is the extinct family Fossilcalcaridae (Cretaceous)[8] and the incertae sedis genera Cretamygale (Cretaceous) and Rosamygale (Triassic).
References
[edit]- ^ a b Coddington, Jonathan A. (2005), "Phylogeny and classification of spiders" (PDF), in Ubick, D.; Paquin, P.; Cushing, P.E. & Roth, V. (eds.), Spiders of North America: an identification manual, American Arachnological Society, pp. 18–24, retrieved 2015-09-24
- ^ a b c Wheeler, Ward C.; Coddington, Jonathan A.; Crowley, Louise M.; Dimitrov, Dimitar; Goloboff, Pablo A.; Griswold, Charles E.; Hormiga, Gustavo; Prendini, Lorenzo; Ramírez, Martín J.; Sierwald, Petra; Almeida-Silva, Lina; Alvarez-Padilla, Fernando; Arnedo, Miquel A.; Benavides Silva, Ligia R.; Benjamin, Suresh P.; Bond, Jason E.; Grismado, Cristian J.; Hasan, Emile; Hedin, Marshal; Izquierdo, Matías A.; Labarque, Facundo M.; Ledford, Joel; Lopardo, Lara; Maddison, Wayne P.; Miller, Jeremy A.; Piacentini, Luis N.; Platnick, Norman I.; Polotow, Daniele; Silva-Dávila, Diana; Scharff, Nikolaj; Szűts, Tamás; Ubick, Darrell; Vink, Cor J.; Wood, Hannah M. & Zhang, Junxia (2017) [published online 2016], "The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target-gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling", Cladistics, 33 (6): 574–616, doi:10.1111/cla.12182
- ^ a b c Hedin, Marshal; Derkarabetian, Shahan; Ramírez, Martín J.; Vink, Cor & Bond, Jason E. (2018), "Phylogenomic reclassification of the world's most venomous spiders (Mygalomorphae, Atracinae), with implications for venom evolution", Scientific Reports, 8 (1): 1636, Bibcode:2018NatSR...8.1636H, doi:10.1038/s41598-018-19946-2, PMC 5785998, PMID 29374214
- ^ a b Godwin, Rebecca L.; Opatova, Vera; Garrison, Nicole L.; Hamilton, Chris A. & Bond, Jason E. (2018), "Phylogeny of a cosmopolitan family of morphologically conserved trapdoor spiders (Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae) using Anchored Hybrid Enrichment, with a description of the family, Halonoproctidae Pocock 1901", Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 126: 303–313, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.04.008, ISSN 1055-7903, PMID 29656103, S2CID 4890400
- ^ Comstock, John Henry (1913), The spider book; a manual for the study of the spiders and their near relatives, the scorpions, pseudoscorpions, whipscorpions, harvestmen and other members of the class Arachnida, found in America north of Mexico, with analytical keys for their classification and popular accounts of their habits, Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Page & company, p. 228
- ^ Marusik, Yuri M. (2018), "Supraspecific names in spider systematic and their nomenclatural problems", Arachnologische Mitteilungen, 55 (1): 42–45, doi:10.30963/aramit5507
- ^ a b c d e f g h Opatova, V.; et al. (2020). "Phylogenetic systematics and evolution of the spider infraorder Mygalomorphae using genomic scale data". Systematic Biology. 69 (4): 701–702. doi:10.1093/sysbio/syz064. PMID 31841157.
- ^ Jörg Wunderlich (2015). "On the evolution and the classification of spiders, the Mesozoic spider faunas, and descriptions of new Cretaceous taxa mainly in amber from Myanmar (Burma) (Arachnida: Araneae)" (PDF). In Jörg Wunderlich (ed.). Beiträge zur Araneologie, 9: Mesozoic spiders and other fossil arachnids. pp. 21–408.