[go: up one dir, main page]
Jump to content

Arin language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Arin
Ar
Ara
Native toRussia
RegionYenisei River
EthnicityArin people [ru]
Extinct1790[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3xrn
xrn
Glottologarin1243
Map of pre-contact Yeniseian languages. Arin is in   blue.

Arin is an extinct Yeniseian language formerly spoken in Russia along the Yenisei River, predominantly on its left shore, between Yeniseysk and Krasnoyarsk,[2] north of the Minusinsk region. However, it has been suggested that the Arin people had historically occupied a larger geographical range. It became extinct in the 18th century.[2]

It is believed that the term Ar or Ara was used by speakers of Arin to refer to themselves.[2]

Geographical distribution

[edit]

Hydronyms associated with Arin have the suffixes -set, -igai, -lat, -zat, -zet and -sat (meaning "river") and -kul'/-kul (meaning "water").[3] These hydronyms, along with Khanty folklore telling of an eastern people known as the ar-jäx "Ar people", indicate that Arin may have once been spread out as far west as the Ob.[2][4]

Classification

[edit]

It is classified as belonging to the Arinic branch, being its only attested language.[4] The closest known relative of Arin, Pumpokol, has been suggested to be similar to the language of the ruling elite of the Xiongnu,[5] as well as that of the Jie ruling class of the Later Zhao dynasty.[6]

Phonology

[edit]

One notable aspect of the Arin phonology is the correspondence of words starting with the word-initial k- and words in other Yeniseian languages that start with a bare vowel. For example, the Arin word kul (meaning 'water') corresponds to the Ket word uˑl’ and the Kott word ûl.[7]

Vowels

[edit]

The vowel system in Arin is as follows:[3]

Front Central Back
Close i ɨ u
Close-mid e o
Open-mid ɛ (ʌ)1 ɔ
Open æ a
  1. The sound [ʌ], transcribed as ö, is only attested in the words ögga 'six', qoa-ögga 'sixteen', ögťuːŋ 'sixty', and utqʼöːnoŋ 'ear', and potentially also in pon’a (also recorded as pun) 'duck'.

Consonants

[edit]
Labial Dental Palatal Velar Uvular Laryngeal/
Pharyngeal
plain pal. plain pal. plain pal.
Plosive voiceless p [p] pʼh [pʲ] t [t] tʼ [tʲ] k [k] kʼ [kʲ] q [q] qʼ [qʲ] (ʔ [ʔ])1
voiced b [b] d [d] dʼ [dʲ] g [g]
Fricative voiceless (f [f]) s [s] š [ʃ] sʼ [sʲ] x [χ] (h [h])
voiced (v [v]) z [z] ž [ʒ]
Affricate c [t͡s] č [t͡ʃ] (dž [d͡ʒ])
Nasal m [m] mʼ [mʲ] n [n] nʼ [nʲ] ŋ [ŋ]
Lateral l [l] lʼ [lʲ]
Approximant j [j]
Trill r [r] (rʼ [rʲ])

Consonants in parentheses are sparsely attested or unattested.

  1. [ʔ] is only assumed from other Yeniseian languages and is only a prosodic device of tone.

There are 11 palatal-nonpalatal consonant oppositions.[3]

Lexicon

[edit]

Etymological analysis suggests that speakers of the Arin language, as with other members of the Yeniseian people, were bilingual in Siberian Turkic languages; for example, the Arin word teminkur (meaning "ore") has been suggested to stem from the Old Turkic compound word *tämir qān (meaning "iron blood").[8]

Numerals

[edit]
Numerals in Arin[3][9]
No. Numerals (Werner 2005) Numerals (Pallas 1789)
1 qusej Кг̧узей
2 kina Ки́на
3 tʼoŋa Тьюнга
4 šája ~ šaga ~ šeja Ша́га
5 qala ~ qaga ~ kala Ка́ла
6 ögga ~ ɨga ~ ɛge Эгга
7 ɨnʼa ~ ona ~ una Ыньа
8 kinamančau Кинаманчау́
9 qusamančau Кг̧усаманчау
10 qoa Кг̧оа
11 qóa-qúsa
12 qóa-kina
13 qóa-tʼoŋa
14 qoa-šaja
15 qoa-qala
16 qoa-ögga
17 qoa-ɨnʼa
18 qoa-kinamančaú
19 qoa-qusamančau
20 kintʼuŋ
30 tʼoŋtʼuːŋ
40 šájtʼuːŋ
50 qaltʼuːŋ
60 ögtʼuːŋ ~ uj-tuŋ
70 ɨ́ntʼuŋ
80 kina-mančaú tʼuːŋ
90 qusamančautʼuːŋ
100 jus Іусь
200 kin-jus
300 tʼoŋ-jus
1000 qo-jus

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "The ASJP Database - Wordlist Arin". asjp.clld.org. Retrieved 2024-08-04.
  2. ^ a b c d Georg, Stefan (2007). A Descriptive Grammar of Ket (Yenisei-Ostyak). Folkestone, Kent: Global Oriental. ISBN 978-1-901903-58-4.
  3. ^ a b c d Werner, Heinrich (2005). Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts. Veröffentlichungen der Societas Uralo-Altaica. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. ISBN 978-3-447-05239-9.
  4. ^ a b Vajda, Edward (2024-02-19), Vajda, Edward (ed.), "8 The Yeniseian language family", The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia, De Gruyter, pp. 365–480, doi:10.1515/9783110556216-008, ISBN 978-3-11-055621-6, retrieved 2024-06-26
  5. ^ Vovin, Alexander (2000). "Did the Xiong-nu Speak a Yeniseian Language?". Central Asiatic Journal. 44 (1): 87–104. ISSN 0008-9192. JSTOR 41928223.
  6. ^ VOVIN, Alexander; VAJDA, Edward; DE LA VAISSIÈRE, Étienne (2016). "Who were the *Kjet and What Language did they Speak?". Journal Asiatique (1): 125–144. doi:10.2143/JA.304.1.3146838. ISSN 1783-1504.
  7. ^ Fries, Simon; Bonmann, Svenja (22 December 2023). "The Development of Arin kul 'water' ~ Kott ûl, Ket ¹u·l', Yugh ¹ur and Its Typological Background". International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics. 5 (2): 183–198. doi:10.1163/25898833-20230044. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
  8. ^ Khabtagaeva, Bayarma (2015). "On the Yeniseian Arin word teminkur 'ore'". Words and Dictionaries: A Festschrift for Professor Stanisław Stachowski on the Occasion of His 85th Birthday: 149–154. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  9. ^ Pallas, Peter Simon (1789). Linguarum Totius Orbis Vocabularia Comparativa, Pars 2.
[edit]
Stub icon

This language-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arin_language&oldid=1245419519"