Anapa

Anapa Анапа
Town[1]
Other transcription(s)
• Adyghe	Быгъуркъал
A beach in Anapa
Flag Coat of arms
Location of Anapa
Anapa Location of Anapa Show map of Krasnodar Krai Anapa Anapa (European Russia) Show map of European Russia Anapa Anapa (Black Sea) Show map of Black Sea
Coordinates: 44°53′40″N 37°19′0″E / 44.89444°N 37.31667°E / 44.89444; 37.31667
Country	Russia
Federal subject	Krasnodar Krai[1]
Founded	14th century[2]
Town status since	1846[3]
Government
• Mayor	Vasily Shvets
Elevation	20 m (70 ft)
Population  (2010 Census)[4]
• Total	58,990
• Rank	280th in 2010
Administrative status
• Subordinated to	Town of Anapa[5]
• Capital of	Town of Anapa,[1] Anapsky District[1]
Municipal status
• Urban okrug	Anapa Urban Okrug[6]
• Capital of	Anapa Urban Okrug[5]
Time zone	UTC+3 (MSK [7])
Postal code(s)[8]	353440—353458
Dialing code(s)	+7 86133
OKTMO ID	03703000001
Website	www.anapa-official.ru

Anapa (Russian: Анапа, Adyghe: Быгъуркъал, Bəġ˚rq̇al) is a town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the northern coast of the Black Sea near the Sea of Azov. Population: 81,863 (2021 Census);^[9] 58,990 (2010 Census);^[4] 53,493 (2002 Census);^[10] 54,796 (1989 Soviet census).^[11]

The area around Anapa was settled in antiquity. It was originally a major seaport (Sinda) and then the capital of Sindica. The colony of Gorgippia (Greek: Γοργιππία) was built on the site of Sinda in the 6th century BCE by Pontic Greeks, who named it after a king of the Cimmerian Bosporus. In the 2nd and 3rd centuries BCE, Gorgippia flourished as part of the Bosporan Kingdom, as did its guild of shipowners, which controlled maritime trade in the eastern part of the Black Sea. A fine statue of Neokles (a local potentate, son of Herodoros) was unearthed by Russian archaeologists and is now on exhibit at the Russian Museum. Gorgippia was inhabited until the 3rd century CE, when it was overrun by neighbouring native tribes. These tribes, of Circassian or Adyghe origin (specifically of the Natkhuay tribe^{[citation needed]}), gave Anapa its modern name.

Later the Black Sea littoral was overrun by successive waves of Asiatic nomads, including the Sarmatians, Ostrogoths, Huns, Avars, Gokturks, Khazars, Tatars and Circassians who are native to the Northwestern Caucasus. The settlement was renamed Mapa by the Genoese at the turn of the 14th century. Genoese domination lasted until the arrival of an Ottoman fleet in 1475. The Turks later built a fort against the Russian Cossacks. The fortress was repeatedly attacked by the Russian Empire and was all but destroyed during its last siege in 1829. The town was passed to Russia after the Treaty of Adrianople (1829). See Russian conquest of the Caucasus § Black Sea Coast. It was included in Black Sea Okrug of Kuban Oblast and was granted town status in 1846.^[3]

It was occupied by Ottomans between 1853 and 1856 during the Crimean War. It became part of Black Sea Governorate in 1896. Elizabeth Pilenko, later named as a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church, was the mayor during the Russian Revolution. It became part of Kuban-Black Sea Oblast in 1920. During World War II, it was occupied and totally demolished by Nazi Germany with the help of Romanian troops between August 30, 1942 and September 22, 1943.

Within the framework of administrative divisions, Anapa serves as the administrative center of Anapsky District, even though it is not a part of it.^[1] As an administrative division, it is, together with three rural localities, incorporated separately as the Town of Anapa—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.^[1] As a municipal division, the territories of the Town of Anapa and of Anapsky District are incorporated as Anapa Urban Okrug.^[5][6]

The town boasts a number of sanatoria and hotels. Anapa is served by the Anapa Airport. Anapa seldom attracts tourists from outside Russia due to its modest infrastructure and its inconvenient accessibility from Europe via Moscow or Krasnodar.

• 
  Train station in Anapa
• 
  Anapa Airport

Transportation facilities include an international passenger port for small-tonnage ships,^[12] the Anapa Airport, a railway station, a bus station, and a network of highways.^[13][14]

Anapa has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa) with mediterranean (Csa) influences at the lower elevations.^[15] Compared to cities further south along the coast like Novorossiysk and Sochi, Anapa receives considerably less rainfall but has somewhat colder winters.

The Town Theater of Anapa is located on Krymskaya Street. It was opened after the reconstruction of the Town Cultural Center.^[19] There are twenty nine public libraries including four for children. In 2010 the libraries of Anapa received more than 8,000 books, and magazines and newspapers were ordered costing more than 1,000,000 roubles, in addition, nine hundred CDs were purchased.^[20]

There is museum of Local History (Краеведческий музей) on Protapova Street.^[21]

• The Gorgippia Archeological museum^[22]
• Gates of Turkish fortress^[23]
• Church of St. Onuphrius^[24]
• Lighthouse^[25]
• Wildlife preserve of Bolshoy Utrish south of Sukko^[26]

• Maria Skobtsova^[27]
• Valentin Mashukov
• Germogen Korolyov^[28]
• Mikhail Boyur^[29]
• Vitaly Astapenko^[30]
• Vladimir Tsukanov^[31]
• Anatoly Pakhomov^[32]
• Tatyana Yevsikova^[33]

• Kinoshock Film Festival^[34]
• Blue-eyed Anapa song Festival
• Russian coast guard academy

Anapa is twinned with:

• Gomel, Belarus^[35]
• Novy Urengoy, Russia^[36]
• Larissa, Greece

• 
  Administration building
• 
  Anapa river
• 
  The sea in Anapa
• 
  Lighthouse
• 
  temple of Saint Onuphrius the Great
• 
  The only remaining gates of an Ottoman fort
• 
  Equestrian statue in Gemete restaurant of the Colosseum
• 
  Beach in the Little Bay
• 
  Concert platform "Summer Estrada"
• 
  Chapel of the Prophet Hosea

• Управление по взаимодействию с органами местного самоуправления Администрации Краснодарского края. Справочная информация №34.01-707/13-03 от 23 мая 2013 г. «Реестр административно-территориальных единиц Краснодарского края». (Department of Cooperation with the Organs of the Local Self-Government of the Administration of Krasnodar Krai. Reference Information #34.01-707/13-03 of May 23, 2013 Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units of Krasnodar Krai. ).
• Законодательное Собрание Краснодарского края. Закон №676-КЗ от 1 апреля 2004 г. «Об установлении границ муниципального образования город-курорт Анапа и наделении его статусом городского округа», в ред. Закона №1756-КЗ от 3 июня 2009 г «О внесении изменений в некоторые законодательные акты Краснодарского края об установлении границ муниципальных образований». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Кубанские новости", №64–65, 17 апреля 2004 г. (Legislative Assembly of Krasnodar Krai. Law #676-KZ of April 1, 2004 On Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formation of the Resort City of Anapa and on Granting It the Status of an Urban Okrug, as amended by the Law #1756-KZ of June 3, 2009 On Amending Several Legislative Acts of Krasnodar Krai on Establishing the Borders of the Municipal Formations. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
• Совет муниципального образования город-курорт Анапа. Решение №544 от 16 апреля 2015 г. «О принятии Устава муниципального образования город-курорт Анапа». Вступил в силу после официального опубликования, за исключением отдельных положений, вступающих в силу в иные сроки. Опубликован: "Анапское Черноморье", №62–66, 30 мая 2015 г. (Council of the Municipal Formation of the Resort Town of Anapa. Decision #544 of April 16, 2015 On Adopting the Charter of the Municipal Formation of the Resort Town of Anapa. Effective as of after the official publication, with the exception of clauses which take effect on different dates.).

• Official website of Anapa Urban Okrug (in Russian)
• Anapa Information Portal (in Russian)
• Directory of organizations in Anapa (in Russian)