Clarkia unguiculata

Clarkia unguiculata
Conservation status
	; Secure (NatureServe)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Myrtales
Family:	Onagraceae
Genus:	Clarkia
Species:	C. unguiculata
Binomial name
	Clarkia unguiculata; Lindl.
Synonyms
	Clarkia eiseneana Kellogg ; Clarkia elegans Douglas ; Clarkia elegans var. albopura Dreer ; Oenothera elegans (Lilja) E.H.L.Krause ; Phaeostoma douglasii Spach ; Phaeostoma elegans Lilja ;

Distribution

Clarkia unguiculata is a species of wildflower known by the common name elegant clarkia or mountain garland.^[3] This plant is endemic to California, where it is found in many woodland habitats.^[4] It grows along the coastal ranges of Mendocino and San Diego. Clarkia unguiculata can also be found in the Sierran foothills. Specifically it is common on the forest floor of many oak woodlands, along with typical understory wildflowers that include Calochortus luteus, Cynoglossum grande and Delphinium variegatum.^[5] It flowers in the summer and fall and thrives in somewhat neutral soil pH.

Morphology

C. unguiculata presents a spindly, hairless, waxy stem with a red hue. The species can grow up to 3 ft (0.9 m) tall with a small number of leaves populating the stem.^[6] The showy flowers have hairy, fused sepals forming a cup beneath the corolla, and four petals each one to 2.5 cm (1.0 in) long.^[7] The paddle-like petals are a shade of pink to reddish to purple and are slender and diamond-shaped or triangular in a raceme formation, in which each flower is connected to the main stalk by a pedicel, a short stem extension.^[6] There are eight long stamens, the outer four of which have large red anthers. The stigma protrudes from the flower and can be quite large.

Ecology

Clarkia unguiculata is a simple species as it interacts mainly with its pollinators, these being a variety of bees, butterflies and some bats.^[6] The main pollinator is the Hesperapis regularis, a native species of bees found in similar environments to C. unguiculata.^[8] This plant has the ability to self-pollinate.^[9] The ability to self-pollinate means the species is not heavily reliant on the presence of pollinators like bees or butterflies. Despite having a mutualistic relationship with other species, this flower can persevere by itself if certain conditions are met.