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Clan Macpherson

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Clan MacPherson
Clann Mac a' Phearsain
Motto"Touch not the cat but a glove." — current "Touch not the cat bot a glove." — archaic
Profile
RegionHighlands
DistrictBadenoch
Plant badgeWhite Heather
Chief
James Brodie Macpherson of Cluny, 7th of Blairgowrie
28th Hereditary Chief of Clan Macpherson
SeatNewton Castle
Historic seatCluny Castle
Septs of Clan MacPherson
Archibald,[1] Cattanach,[1] Clark,[1] Clarke,[1] Clarkson,[1] Clerk,[1] Clunie,[1] Cluny,[1] Currie,[1] Ellis,[1] Ellison,[1] Fersen,[1] Gillespie,[1] Gillie,[1] Gillies,[1] Goudie,[1] Gow,[1] Gowan,[1] Gowans,[1] Leary,[1] Lees,[1] MacChlery,[1] MacClair,[1] MacCleary,[1] MacCleish,[1] MacCurrach,[1] MacCurrie,[1] MacGillies,[1] MacGoun,[1] MacGow,[1] MacGowan,[1] MacKeith,[1] MacLear,[1] MacLeary,[1] MacLees,[1] MacLeish,[1] MacLerie,[1] MacLise,[1] MacLish,[1] MacMurdo,[1] MacMurdoch,[1] MacMurich,[1] MacVurich,[1] MacVurrich,[1] Murdoch,[1] Murdoson,[1] Pearson,[1] Smith.[1]
Allied clans
Rival clans

Clan Macpherson (/məkˈfɜːrsən/ mək-FUR-sən, locally [makˈfɛrsən] ⓘ) is a Scottish clan from the Highlands and a member of the Chattan Confederation.[2]

History

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Origins

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A romantic depiction of a clansman illustrated by R. R. McIan, from James Logan's The Clans of the Scottish Highlands, 1845
The late chief Sir William Macpherson (right) and a clansman wearing two different Macpherson tartans[3]

The Scottish Gaelic surname for Macpherson is Mac a' Phearsain which means son of the parson.[4] The Celtic church allowed priests to marry and the progenitor of the chiefs of Clan Macpherson is believed to have been a man named Muireach or Murdo Cattenach who was the priest of Kingussie in Badenoch.[2]

The Clan Macpherson is part of the Chattan Confederation (Clan Chattan).[2] In 843 the chief of Clan Chattan was Gille Chattan Mor and one of his descendants, the first chief of Clan Macpherson was forced to resettle in Lochaber by Kenneth MacAlpin, first king of Scots.[2] The chief could have been the lay prior of Ardchattan and he seems to have been named in honour of Saint Cathan.[2]

Touch not the cat bot a glove. 'Bot' means without. The 'glove' of a wildcat is the pad. If the cat is 'ungloved', its claws are unsheathed. The motto serves as a warning that one should beware when the wildcat's claws are 'without a glove'. It is a reference to the historically violent nature of the clan and serves as a metaphorical warning to other clans that they should think twice before interfering with Macpherson business.

Macpherson clan traditions is that in 1309 Robert the Bruce offered the lands of Badenoch to the chief of Clan Macpherson if they destroyed the Bruce's enemies, the Clan Comyn, and the Macphersons carried out the king's wishes.[2] The Clan Macpherson is sometimes known as the Clan of the Three Brothers as chief Ewan Ban Macpherson had three sons: Kenneth Macpherson of Clunie, Iain Macpherson of Pitman and Gillies Macpherson of Invereshie.[2]

14th-century clan conflicts

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In 1370 the Battle of Invernahavon took place between the Chattan Confederation and the Clan Cameron. There was a dispute between the Macphersons and another clan of the confederation, the Clan Davidson over who should take the right wing in the battle.[2] The Clan Mackintosh, whose chiefs were also chiefs of the Chattan Confederation favoured the Davidsons and as a result the Macphersons left the field of battle.[2] The Clan Cameron took advantage of this situation and gained the upper hand, however the Macphersons were eventually coerced back into the battle and the Camerons were defeated.[2] The feud between the Clan Cameron and Chattan Confederation continued for many years after and in 1396 the Battle of the North Inch took place, which was watched by Robert III of Scotland and his whole court.[2]

The Black Chanter

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According to Clan Macpherson lore, at the end of the battle, a piper appeared in the sky, played a few notes and then let the pipes fall to the ground, where, being made of crystal they broke; all except the chanter, which, being of wood only cracked. The Clan Chattan piper then seized the chanter and began playing. [5] This Black Chanter is kept at the Clan Macpherson Museum in Newtonmore.

16th century and Glenlivet

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Prior to the Battle of Glenlivet in 1594 which was fought between Protestant forces under the Earl of Argyll and Catholic forces under the Earl of Huntly, Argyll had laid siege to Ruthven Castle which was well defended by the Clan Macpherson who were vassals of Huntly's and so Argyll had to give up the siege.[6]

17th century and civil war

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In 1618 Andrew Macpherson, eighth chief of Clan Macpherson acquired the abbey-castle grange in Strathisla.[2] Andrew's son, Euan Macpherson supported the royalist cause during the Scottish Civil War and fought for James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose.[2] The tenth chief was Duncan Macpherson of Cluny who in 1672 lost his claim to lead the Chattan Confederation.[2] The Privy Council of Scotland instead found in favour of a Mackintosh.[2] Duncan had no sons and in 1722 was therefore succeeded as chief of Clan Macpherson by Lachlan Macpherson, fourth Laird of Nuid.[2]

18th century Jacobite uprisings

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Clan Macpherson having supported the Jacobite rising of 1715, General Wade's report on the Highlands in 1724, estimated the clan strength at 220 men.[7] Chief Euan Macpherson of Cluny was a notable leader in the Jacobite rising of 1745 and fought at the Clifton Moor Skirmish.[2] 300 Macphersons took part in the Atholl raids of March 1746.[8] After the Jacobite defeat at the Battle of Culloden, Cluny was able to escape capture by government troops for nine years even though a reward of £1000 was offered for his capture.[2] He escaped to France in 1755.[2] William Macpherson, who was killed at the Battle of Falkirk (1746), is the ancestor of the current Chief of Clan Macpherson.[2] His brother witnessed government "red coats" burning Macpherson of Cluny's house.[2] Duncan Macpherson of Cluny fought in the British Army during the American Revolutionary War.[2]

Portrait of Cluny MacPherson, circa 1873

Castles and other buildings

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  • Cluny Castle, about five miles south-west of Newtonmore in Strathspey, was a stronghold of the clan.[9] The original fourteenth-century castle was razed by the Duke of Cumberland after the Jacobite rising of 1745 which the Macphersons had supported.[9] The present Cluny Castle is a nineteenth-century mansion that was built on the site of the original stronghold.[9]
  • Ballindalloch Castle was built by the Clan Grant and owned by the Ballindallochs before coming to the Macphersons, now the Macpherson-Grants.[9]
  • Newton Castle, Blairgowrie, Perthshire, is the current seat of the Macpherson chiefs.[9]
  • Invereshie House, near Kingussie, Strathspey, was held by the Macphersons from the fourteenth century.[9] William Macpherson of Invereshie captured Blair Castle from the Marquess of Montrose in 1644.[9]
  • Pitmain House, near Kingussie, Strathspey, was held by the Macphersons from the fourteenth century.[9] The present building formed part of the Highland Folk Museum until its closure at that site in 2007.[9][10] Pitmain Lodge was then sold to private owners in 2020.[10]
  • Clan Macpherson House and Museum, Newtonmore, is situated at the junction of Perth Road, Laggan Road and Main Street. The museum opened in 1952, with the exhibition mainly containing items from the nearby Cluny Castle which had recently been sold. The displays in the museum were significantly reworked in 1984–1985 and in winter 2004–2005.[11]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av Scots Kith & Kin. HarperCollins. 2014. p. 78. ISBN 9780007551798.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Way, George of Plean; Squire, Romilly of Rubislaw (1994). Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia. Glasgow: HarperCollins (for the Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs). pp. 256–257. ISBN 0-00-470547-5.
  3. ^ "MacPherson Tartan".
  4. ^ Mac an Tàilleir, Iain. "Ainmean Pearsanta" (docx). Sabhal Mòr Ostaig. Retrieved 15 October 2009.
  5. ^ "The Black Chanter of Clan Chattan". 23 September 2019.
  6. ^ Lawson, John Parker (1839). "The Battle of Glenlivet". Historical Tales of the Wars of Scotland And of the Border Raids, Forays, and Conflicts. Vol. III. Edinburgh: A. Fullarton. p. 405. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  7. ^ Johnston, Thomas Brumby; Robertson, James Alexander; Dickson, William Kirk (1899). "General Wade's Report". Historical Geography of the Clans of Scotland. Edinburgh and London: W. & A.K. Johnston. p. 26. Retrieved 19 February 2020.
  8. ^ Duffy, Christopher (2003). The '45, Bonnie Prince Charlie and the Untold Story of the Jacobite Rising. Cassell. pp. 470–477. ISBN 9780753822623.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i Coventry, Martin (2008). Castles of the Clans: The Strongholds and Seats of 750 Scottish Families and Clans. Musselburgh: Goblinshead. pp. 398–399. ISBN 978-1-899874-36-1.
  10. ^ a b "Former long-time home of Highland Folk Museum is sold". Strathspey Herald. 30 October 2020. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  11. ^ Macpherson, Ewan S. L. (2022). The Clan Macpherson: Trials, Triumphs and Treasures. Clan Macpherson Museum Trust. pp. 229–233. ISBN 978-1-3999-3055-0.
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