1294
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1294 by topic |
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| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1294 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1294 MCCXCIV |
| Ab urbe condita | 2047 |
| Armenian calendar | 743 ԹՎ ՉԽԳ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6044 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1215–1216 |
| Bengali calendar | 701 |
| Berber calendar | 2244 |
| English Regnal year | 22 Edw. 1 – 23 Edw. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1838 |
| Burmese calendar | 656 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6802–6803 |
| Chinese calendar | 癸巳年 (Water Snake) 3991 or 3784 — to — 甲午年 (Wood Horse) 3992 or 3785 |
| Coptic calendar | 1010–1011 |
| Discordian calendar | 2460 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1286–1287 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5054–5055 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1350–1351 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1215–1216 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4394–4395 |
| Holocene calendar | 11294 |
| Igbo calendar | 294–295 |
| Iranian calendar | 672–673 |
| Islamic calendar | 693–694 |
| Japanese calendar | Einin 2 (永仁２年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1204–1206 |
| Julian calendar | 1294 MCCXCIV |
| Korean calendar | 3627 |
| Minguo calendar | 618 before ROC 民前618年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −174 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1836–1837 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴水蛇年 (female Water-Snake) 1420 or 1039 or 267 — to — 阳木马年 (male Wood-Horse) 1421 or 1040 or 268 |
Year 1294 (MCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
[edit]Asia
[edit]- February 18 – Kublai Khan dies; by this time the separation of the four khanates of the Mongol Empire (the Chagatai Khanate in Central Asia, the Golden Horde in Russia, the Ilkhanate in Persia, and the Yuan Dynasty in China) has deepened.[1]
Europe
[edit]- March 30 – A Novgorodian army led by Prince Roman Glebovich attempts a storm of Vyborg, but the attack fails.[2]
- Spring – Following the arrival of a fleet from Sweden, an offensive takes place in which Sweden captures Kexholm after an assault.[2]
- July 5 – Following the Papal election, 1292–94, Pope Celestine V succeeds Nicholas IV, becoming the 192nd pope.[3]
- Autumn – In response to the actions of new royal administrators in north and west Wales, Madog ap Llywelyn leads a revolt against his English overlords.[4]
- December 24 – Pope Boniface VIII succeeds Pope Celestine V, becoming the 193rd pope, after Celestine V abdicates the papacy on December 13, only five months after reluctantly accepting his surprise election on July 5, wishing to return to his life as an ascetic hermit.[5]
- John Balliol, King of Scotland, decides to refuse King Edward I of England's demands for support in a planned invasion of France, the result being the negotiation of the Auld Alliance with France and Norway in the following year. These actions play a part in precipitating the Scottish Wars of Independence, which begin in 1296.[6][7]
- Strata Florida Abbey is rebuilt; it had been destroyed some years earlier, during King Edward I of England's conquest of Wales.[8]
- Architect Arnolfo di Cambio designs Florence Cathedral (Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore, better known simply as Il Duomo); he also begins work on the Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence.[9][10]
- England and Portugal enter into the first iteration of the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, the oldest alliance in the world still in force.[11]
- Edward I of England and Philip the Fair of France declare war on each other. To finance this war, both kings lay taxes on the clergy. Pope Boniface VIII insists that kings gain papal consent for taxation of the clergy, and forbids churchmen to pay taxes.[12]
Births
[edit]- June 18 or June 19 – Charles IV of France (d. 1328)[13]
- John, Duke of Durazzo (d. 1336)[14]
- date unknown – Kusunoki Masashige, Japanese samurai (d. 1336)[15]
Deaths
[edit]
- February 18 – Kublai Khan of the Mongol Empire (b. 1215)[17]
- May 3 – John I, Duke of Brabant[18]
- June 12 – John I of Brienne, Count of Eu[19]
- December 25 – Mestwin II, Duke of Pomerania[20]
- date unknown
- Emperor Yagbe'u Seyon of Ethiopia[21]
- Brunetto Latini, Florentine philosopher (b. c. 1220)[22]
- Dmitri of Pereslavl, Grand Duke of Vladimir-Suzdal[23]
References
[edit]- ^ San, Tan Koon (2014). Dynastic China: An Elementary History. Petaling Jaya, Malaysia: The Other Press. p. 316. ISBN 9789839541885.
- ^ a b Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (in Swedish) (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 100. ISBN 9189080262.
- ^ Melton, J. Gordon (2014). Faiths Across Time: 5,000 Years of Religious History [4 Volumes]: 5,000 Years of Religious History. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO, Oxford: ABC-CLIO. p. 870. ISBN 9781610690263.
- ^ Breverton, Terry (2014). Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About the Tudors but Were Afraid to Ask. Stroud: Amberley Publishing Limited. p. 14. ISBN 9781445638454.
- ^ Schaff, Philip (1998) [1882]. History of the Christian Church, Volume VI: The Middle Ages. A.D. 1294-1517. Vol. VI: The Middle Ages. Grand Rapids, MI: Christian Classics Ethereal Library. ISBN 9781610250450.
- ^ Prestwich, Michael (1988). Edward I. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 372. ISBN 9780520062665.
- ^ Spaltro, Kathleen; Bridge, Noeline (2005). Royals of England: A Guide for Readers, Travelers, and Genealogists. New York, Lincoln, Shanghai: iUniverse. p. 59. ISBN 9780595373123.
- ^ Symonds, William Samuel (1872). Records of the Rocks; or, notes on the geology, natural history, and antiquities of North & South Wales, Devon, & Corne̱ll. London: John Murray, Albemarle Street. pp. 124.
1294 Strata Florida Abbey.
- ^ Durant, Will (2014). The Complete Story of Civilization: Our Oriental Heritage, Life of Greece, Caesar and Christ, Age of Faith, Renaissance, Age of Reason Begins, Age of Louis XIV, Age of Voltaire, Rousseau and Revolution, Age of Napoleon, Reformation. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781476779713.
- ^ Fossi, Gloria; Reiche, Mattia; Bussagli, Marco (2004). Italian Art. Painting, Sculpture, Architecture from the Origins to the Present Day. Giunti Editore. ISBN 9788809037267.
- ^ Bideleux, Robert; Taylor, Professor Richard; Taylor, Richard (1996). European Integration and Disintegration: East and West. London and New York: Routledge. p. 139. ISBN 9781134775217.
- ^ Fritze, Ronald H.; Robison, William Baxter (2002). Historical Dictionary of Late Medieval England, 1272-1485. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 215. ISBN 9780313291241.
- ^ Coss, Peter R.; Coss, P. R.; Lloyd, Simon D. (1988). Thirteenth Century England II: Proceedings of the Newcastle Upon Tyne Conference 1987. Suffolk and Wolfeboro, NH: Boydell & Brewer. p. 175. ISBN 9780851155135.
- ^ Browning, Oscar (1893). Guelphs & Ghibellines: A Short History of Mediaeval Italy from 1250-1409. London: Methuen & Company. pp. 199.
1294 john duke of durazzo.
- ^ Turnbull, Stephen R. (2005) [1977]. The Samurai: A Military History. London and New York: Psychology Press. p. 90. ISBN 9781873410387.
- ^ Wold, Carol Lee (2002). Ancestral families of John W. Clark of Deerfield, Massachusetts: Clark-Keyes & allied families including: Alcock, Allen, Allis, Anderson, Beardsley, Belden, Bigod, Blandford, Brown, Chester, Comstock, Copeland, de Clare, de Lacy, de Mowbray, de Quincy, de Ros, de Saye, de Vere, Dudley, FitzRobert, Goodrich, Gregory, Harlakenden, Hawks, Haynes, Hobart, Holden, Hooker, Howard, Hubbard, Kimball, Lamb, Lamberton, Marshall, Moore, Neville, Newcomb, Parmenter, Patterson, Plantagenet, Pynchon, Rice, Scott, Smead, Stoughton, Talcott, Townsend, Trowbridge, Welles, Wells, Woodbridge, Wyllys, Yorke. Louisville, KY: Gateway Press. p. 97.
- ^ McNeese, Tim; Goetzmann, William H. (2006). Marco Polo and the Realm of Kublai Khan. Explorers of New Lands. Philadelphia, PA: Infobase Publishing. p. 142. ISBN 9781438102467.
- ^ Jeep, John M. (2001). Routledge Revivals: Medieval Germany (2001): An Encyclopedia. Abingdon & New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 72. ISBN 9781351665407.
- ^ Perry, Guy (2018). The Briennes: The Rise and Fall of a Champenois Dynasty in the Age of the Crusades, c. 950–1356. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. xxiii. ISBN 9781107196902.
- ^ Możejko, Beata (2017). New Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Gdańsk, Poland and Prussia. Abingdon, New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 14. ISBN 9781351805445.
- ^ Tamrat, Taddesse (January 1970). "The Abbots of Däbrä-Hayq 1248-1535". Journal of Ethiopian Studies. 8 (1): 87–117. JSTOR 41965802.
- ^ Barlow, Henry Clark (1864). Critical, Historical, and Philosophical Contributions to the Study of the Divina Commedia. London and Edinburgh: Williams and Norgate. pp. 423.
1294 Brunetto Latini.
- ^ "History of Pereslavl-Zalessky | Rusmania". rusmania.com. Retrieved February 26, 2019.