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{{Infobox film
| name           = Nihonkai daikaisen
| image          = 
| image_size     = 
| caption        = 
| director       = [[Seiji Maruyama]]
| producer       = [[:en:Tomoyuki Tanaka|Tomoyuki Tanaka]]
| writer         = [[Toshio Yasumi]]
| starring       = [[:en:Toshiro Mifune|Toshiro Mifune]]
| music          = [[:en:Masaru Sato|Masaru Sato]]
| cinematography = [[Hiroshi Murai]]
| editing        = 
| distributor    = [[Toho Company, Ltd.|Toho]]
| released       = {{Film date|1969|8|13}}
| runtime        = 128 minutes
| country        = Japan
| language       = Japanese
| budget         = 
| gross          = 
}}
'''''Nihonkai daikaisen''''' (日本海大海戦, ''Battle of the Japan Sea'') is a 1969 Japanese war drama film directed by [[Seiji Maruyama]] and produced by [[:en:Tomoyuki Tanaka|Tomoyuki Tanaka]]. Set between 1904 and 1905, [[:en:Empire of Japan|Japan]] and
[[:en:Russian_Empire|Russia]] clash in what comes to be known as the [[:en:Russo-Japanese War|Russo-Japanese War]]. An attempt by the [[:en:Imperial Japanese Navy|Japanese fleet]] and [[:en:Imperial Japanese Army|army]] to take [[:en:Lüshunkou District|Port Arthur]] fails, and a [[:en:Imperial Russian Navy|Russian fleet]] bears down on the [[:en:Sea of Japan|Sea of Japan]].

Veteran screenwriter [[Toshio Yasumi]] wrote the script and Seiji Maruyama (who had filmed Rengo kantai shirei chôkan: Yamamoto Isoroku in 1968) directed the film. Special effects director [[:en:Eiji Tsuburaya|Eiji Tsuburaya]] of "[[:en:Destroy All Monsters|Destroy All Monsters]]" worked on the set and Hiroshi Murai of "[[:en:The Human Bullet|Nikudan]]" was in charge of filming the scenes.

The concurrent screening work is "[[Konto 55-Gō jinrui no dai jakuten]]", directed by [[:en:Jun Fukuda|Jun Fukuda]].

== Overview ==
It is said to be the third work in the "[[Toho 8/15 series]]", but unlike the two previous war films, this one take place during the Russo-Japanese War. From the beginning of the war, to General [[:en:Nogi Maresuke|Nogi Maresuke]]'s troops attack Port Arthur, and the combined fleet led by Admiral [[:en:Togo Heihachiro|Togo Heihachiro]] at the [[:en:Battle of Tsushima|Battle of Tsushima]] to defeats the [[:en:Baltic Fleet|Baltic Fleet]] led by Vice Admiral [[:en:Zinovy Rozhestvensky|Zinovy Rozhestvensky]].

== Special Effects ==
This work was the last film in which [[:en:Eiji Tsuburaya|Eiji Tsuburaya]] participated it as special effects director. The ship miniature mobilized 60 art designers and 107 ships were prepared for the movie. 

In addition, the miniature of the [[:en:Japanese battleship Mikasa|battleship Mikasa]] was made up to 13 meters. 

In the naval battle scene, considering that the power of the bullets is weaker at the time of the Russo-Japanese War than during the [[:en:Pacific War|Pacific War]], the water column is expressed by [[:en:Freon|freon gas]].

== Plot ==
During the late [[:en:19th century|19th century]], the [[:en:Qing dynasty|Qing dynasty]] continued to desinegreated in turmoil due to corruption, peasant unrest, ruler incompetence, and population growth which led to food shortages and regular famine. In 1900 during the [[:en:Boxer Rebellion|Boxer Rebellion]], the [[:en:Eight Nation Alliance|Eight Nation Alliance]] ([[:en:British Empire|Britain]], [[:en:United States|United States]], [[:en:German Empire|Germany]], [[:en:French Third Republic|France]], [[:en:Russian Empire|Russia]], [[:en:Empire of Japan|Japan]], [[:en:Kingdom of Italy|Italy]] and [[:en:Austria-Hungary|Austria-Hungary]]) joined forces together to occupied many ports and cities in China. However, only Russia kept its troops in Manchuria and setting up their [[:en:Chinese Eastern Railway|railway line]] which caused tensions with Japan over the [[:en:Sphere of influence|sphere of influence]].

At the [[:en:Gozen Kaigi|Imperial Conferences]] meeting with [[:en:Emperor Meiji|Emperor Meiji]], they sent an ultimatum to recognize Russian dominance in Manchuria in exchange for recognition of [[:en:Korean Empire|Korea]] being within the Japanese sphere of influence.Finally, diplomatic relations between two countries began to get even hostility. [[:en:Tōgō Heihachirō|Togo Heihachiro]], [[:en:Admiral of the fleet|Admiral of the Fleet]] in the [[:en:Imperial Japanese Navy|Imperial Japanese Navy]], was eyeing on [[:en:Lushunkou District|Lushunkou]] (aka Port Arthur) and the movement of the [[:en:Pacific Fleet (Russia)|Russian Pacific Fleet]] in [[:en:Vladivostok|Vladivostok]], and devised a secret plan. Then, he got reports that Captain [[:en:Hirose Takeo|Takeo Hirose]], commanded the old cargo vessel ''Fukui Maru'' and several ships, was spotted by the Russian fleet squadron and was hit, destroying the ship and killing Hirose. Many officers and sailors managed to escape from the [[:en:Battle of Port Arthur|Battle of Port Arthur]]. War was declared after the first naval battle. The Japanese Navy won its first battle against the Russians.

In the meantime, Japanese troops deployed from Korea to Manchuria. The [[:en:First Army (Japan)|First Army]] under General [[:en:Kuroki Tamemoto|Kuroki Tamemoto]] landed on [[:en:Incheon|Incheon]] to occupied [[:en:Seoul|Seoul]] and began marching north to meet the Russian army at the [[:en:Battle of the Yalu River (1904)|Yalu River]]. After defeating them, the [[:en:Third Army (Japan)|Third Army]] led by General [[:en:Nogi Maresuke|Nogi Maresuke]] march on to Port Arthur and began the [[:en:Siege of Port Arthur|siege]]. However, the Russian Navy was unable to relived the siege after they were defeated again by the Japanese squadron at [[:en:Battle of Chemulpo Bay|Chemulpo Bay]]. On October 20, the Baltic Fleet left the port of [[:en:Rabaul|Rabaul]].

Togo decided that the enemy ships would appear in the [[:en:Sea_of_Japan|Sea of Japan]] and dragged the combined fleet inland. On New Year's Day, five months after the attack began, General Nogi planned an [[:en:Siege_of_Port_Arthur#Battle_of_203_Meter_Hill|attack on 203 Hill]], trying to captured the fortress. However, the commander of Port Arthur [[:en:Anatoly Stessel|Anatoly Stessel]] managed to hold off the attack by setting up [[:en:Maxim machine guns|machine guns]], [[:en:Artillery|artillery]] positions, [[:en:Land mines|land mines]], and [[:en:Searchlights|searchlights]]. The Japanese would continued to attack the fortress until the defense commander [[:en:Roman Kondratenko|Roman Kondratenko]] was killed by an artillery shells and Stessel had no choice but to surrendered the fortress to General Nogi. 

Around this time, [[:en:Akashi Motojiro|Akashi Motojiro]], an intelligence officer in [[:en:Stockholm|Stockholm]] ([[:en:Sweden|Sweden]]), learned that the route of the Baltic Fleet would be determined by Russian Vice Admiral [[:en:Zinovy Rozhestvensky|Zinovy Rozhestvensky]]. But on the way, they attack a On May 20, the surveillance ship ''Shinano Maru'' discovered the Baltic Fleet headed off to the [[:en:Goto Islands|Goto Islands]]. Seven days later, Admiral Togo, who hoisted the [[:en:Z flag|Z flag]] on board the flagship Mikasa, took an intrepid tactic that took a big turn in front of the Russians and tightened the enemy's front. A fierce [[:en:Battle of Tsushima|battle at Tsushima]] brought a great victory to the Japanese fleet. People of Japan who are excited about victory and the Russians are forced to surrendered in the [[:en:Treaty of Portsmouth|Treaty of Portsmouth]] on September 5, 1905. This result Russia turn into a [[:en:1905 Russian Revolution|bloody revolution]] by mass demonstrations over the defeat and labor dispute.  However, Togo could not forget the true "fear of battle" by winning the war.

== Staff ==

* Producer: [[:en:Tomoyuki Tanaka|Tomoyuki Tanaka]]
* Director: [[Seiji Maruyama]]
* Special Effects: [[:en:Eiji Tsuburaya|Eiji Tsuburaya]] (special effects director), [[Noriyoshi Inoue]] (special effects art director), [[Yôichi Manoda]] (special effects cinematographer), [[Hiroshi Mukoyama]] (matte compositions), [[Fumio Nakadai]] (wire manipulator), [[:en:Teruyoshi Nakano|Teruyoshi Nakano]] (special effects assistant), [[Yoshiyuki Norimasa]] (matte process photography), [[Motoyoshi Tomioka]]  (special effects cinematographer)  (credited as Sokei Tomioka)
* Screenwriter: [[Toshio Yasumi]]
* Cinematographer: [[Hiroshi Murai]]
* Composer: [[:en:Masaru Sato|Masaru Sato]]
* Sound Department: [[Minoru Kaneyama]] (sound effects editor), [[Noboru Yoshioka]] (sound recordist)
* Camera and Electrical Department: [[Toshio Takashima]] (lighting technician), [[Iwao Yamazaki (photographer)|Iwao Yamazaki]] (still photographer)
* Production Designer: [[Takeo Kita]]

== Cast ==

* [[:en:Toshiro Mifune|Toshiro Mifune]] as [[:en:Tōgō Heihachirō|Tōgō Heihachirō]] ([[:en:Commander-in-chief|Commander-in-Chief]] of the [[:en:Combined Fleet|Combined Fleet]])
* [[:en:Yūzō Kayama|Yūzō Kayama]] as Mayor [[:en:Hirose Takeo|Takeo Hirose]]
* [[:en:Tatsuya Nakadai|Tatsuya Nakadai]] as Colonel [[:en:Akashi Motojiro|Akashi Motojiro]]
* [[Toshio Kurosawa (actor)|Toshio Kurosawa]] as First Class Soldier [[Miyoshi Maeyama]]
* [[Ban Kojika]] as [[Magoshichi Sugino]]
* [[Keiji Higashiyama]] as Mr. Fujimoto
* [[:en:Akira Kubo|Akira Kubo]] as Kikuisami Matsui (based on [[Kikuisami Matsumura]])
* [[:en:Makoto Satō (actor)|Makoto Satō]] as Chief of Artillery [[:en:Kiyokazu Abo|Kiyokazu Abo]]
* [[:en:Susumu Fujita|Susumu Fujita]] as Admiral [[:en:Kamimura Hikonojō|Kamimura Hikonojō]]
* [[:en:Akihiko Hirata|Akihiko Hirata]] as Staff Officer [[Koreshige Tsunoda]]
* [[:en:Yoshio Tsuchiya|Yoshio Tsuchiya]] as Staff Officer [[:en:Akiyama_Saneyuki|Akiyama Saneyuki]] 
* [[Jun Funato]] as Staff Officer [[Kumaji Yamaoka]]
* [[:en:Kenji Sahara|Kenji Sahara]] as Deputy Director of [[Shinano Maru|''Shinano Maru'']], [[Hikosaburo Maruhashi]]
* [[:en:Yoshifumi Tajima|Yoshifumi Tajima]] as Colonel [[Hikojirō Ijichi]]
* [[:en:Hiroshi Koizumi|Hiroshi Koizumi]] as Ministry of Foreign Affairs [[:en:Shin'ichirō Kurino|Shin'ichirō Kurino]] 
* [[:en:Jun Tazaki|Jun Tazaki]] as Shimaji Hashiguchi ([[:en:Miyakojima|Miyakojima]] islander)
* [[:en:Eijiro Yanagi|Eijiro Yanagi]] as [[:en:Itō Hirobumi|Itō Hirobumi]]
* [[:en:Takeshi Katō (actor)|Takeshi Katō]] as Chief of Staff [[:en:Katō Tomosaburō|Katō Tomosaburō]]
* [[:en:Toru Abe|Toru Abe]] as Lieutenant Colonel [[Genjiro Suji]]  (1st Regiment of Konoe Infantry)
* [[:en:Masao Shimizu|Masao Shimizu]] as Director the Navy [[Totsuka Tamaki]]
* [[Gen Shimizu]] as Colonel [[Akira Narukawa]]
* [[:en:Ryūji Kita|Ryuji Kita]] as Admiral [[:en:Kataoka Shichirō|Kataoka Shichirō]]
* [[Kanta Mori]] as Chief of Staff [[:en:Ijichi Kōsuke|Ijichi Kōsuke]]
* [[Gen Takamori]] as Major [[:en:Nagata Yasujirō|Nagata Yasujirō]]
* [[:en:Haruo Nakajima|Haruo Nakajima]] as Staff of the First Fleet (uncredited)
* [[Seiji Matsuyama]] as Matsu (Miyakojima youth)
* [[Shin Tatsuoka]] as Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan [[:en:Inoue Kaoru|Inoue Kaoru]]
* [[Takamaru Sasaki]] as Advisor [[:en:Kuki Ryūichi|Kuki Ryūichi]]
* [[:en:Kiyoshi Kodama|Kiyoshi Kodama]] as Captain [[Yamamoto Shinjiro]]
* [[:en:Yoshio Inaba|Yoshio Inaba]] as Chief of Staff [[:en:Shimamura Hayao|Shimamura Hayao]]
* [[:en:Ken Mitsuda|Ken Mitsuda]] as President of the Japanese Privy Council [[:en:Yamagata Aritomo|Yamagata Aritomo]]
* [[Kose Itaru]] as Lieutenant Colonel [[Kariba Umi]]
* [[Jun'ichirô Mukai]], [[Naoya Kusakawa]] as Staffs of the 1st Fleet
* [[Shigeo Katô]] as Public speaker, Miyakojima residents (uncredited)
* [[Akio Kusama]] as Minister, Resident who sees off the Hitachi Maru (uncredited)
* [[Yasuo Araki]] as Major Yamagata
* [[Toyohiko Sata]] as Fisherman Hayafune
* [[Kōji Iwamoto]] as [[:en:SS Hitachi Maru (1898)|Hitachi Maru]] officer
* [[Kazuo Suzuki]] as Miyakojima fisherman
* [[Chôtarô Tôgin]] as Ship gunner 
* [[Seishirō Kuno]] as Lieutenant Tsukamoto
* [[Kenzaburô Ôsawa]] as Artillery gunner
* [[Ken Echigo]] (Mikasa staff officer)
* [[Yutaka Oka]] as Commander of the Shiroda Sukitai (White Coat) team
* [[Yōko Yano]] as Matsu's wife
* [[:en:Noriko Honma|Noriko Honma]] as Old woman at a candy store
* [[Ted Gunther]] as Shriax
* [[Jacob Japiro]] as Informant
* [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Conway Harold Conway] as Captain John Campbell
* [https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Yusuf Osman Yusuf] as Russian naval officer
* [[Peter Williams (foreigner)|Peter Williams]] as Commander [[:en:Nikolai Nebogatov|Nikolai Nebogatov]]
* [[:en:Andrew Hughes (actor)|Andrew Hughes]] as Admiral [[:en:Zinovy Rozhestvensky|Zinovy Rozhestvensky]] (General Commander of [[:en:Baltic Fleet|Baltic Fleet]])
* [[Hans Horneff]] as Admiral [[:en:Nikolai_Kolomeitsev|Nikolai Kolomeitsev]] 
* [[:en:Robert Dunham|Robert Dunham]] as Aide to Admiral Alekseyev (uncredited)
* [[Ralph Jesser]] as Staff Officer of the Baltic Fleet  
* [[Ryutaro Tatsumi]] as Minister of Navy [[:en:Yamamoto Gonnohyōe|Yamamoto Gonnohyōe]]
* [[Mitsuko Kusabue]] as [[Kaeda Tetsu]]
* [[:en:Chishū Ryū|Chishū Ryū]] as [[:en:Nogi Maresuke|Nogi Maresuke]]
* [[:en:Matsumoto Hakuō I|Matsumoto Hakuō I]] as [[:en:Emperor Meiji|Emperor Meiji]]
* [[Masaaki Yajima]] as Narrator * Non-credit

== Video software ==
The DVD version of the film was released by Toho Video on June 21, 2001.

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