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{{Short description|German-built passenger liner}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
| Ship image = Nyassa 1906 CNN.jpg
| Ship caption = ''Nyassa''
}}
{{Infobox ship career
| Hide header = 
| Ship name = *1906: ''{{lang|de|Bülow}}''
*1916: ''{{lang|pt|Trás-os-Montes}}''
*1924: ''Nyassa''
| Ship namesake = *1906: [[Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow|General von Bülow]]
*1916: [[Trás-os-Montes]]
*1924: [[Niassa Province]]
| Ship owner = *1906: [[Norddeutscher Lloyd]]
*1916: [[Government of Portugal]]
*1924: [[:pt:Companhia Nacional de Navegação|Cia Nacional de Navegação]]
| Ship operator = 1916: [[:de:Transportes Marítimos do Estado|Transportes Mar do Estado]]
| Ship registry = *1906: [[File:Postflagge 1892-1918.svg|24px]] [[Ports of Bremen|Bremen]]
*1916: {{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Port of Lisbon|Lisbon]]
| Ship route = *1906: Bremen – [[Port of Yokohama|Yokohama]]
*1907: Bremen – [[Port Jackson|Sydney]]
*1908: Bremen – [[Port of New York and New Jersey|New York]]
*1938: Lisbon – [[Island of Mozambique]]
| Ship ordered = 
| Ship builder = [[Joh. C. Tecklenborg]], [[Bremerhaven]]
| Ship original cost = 
| Ship yard number = 209
| Ship laid down = 
| Ship launched = 21 April 1906
| Ship completed = 22 September 1906
| Ship maiden voyage = 
| Ship out of service = laid up 1922–24; 1950–51
| Ship refit = 
| Ship identification= *1906: [[code letters]] QJFB
*{{ICS|Quebec}}{{ICS|Juliet}}{{ICS|Foxtrot}}{{ICS|Bravo}}
*by 1913: [[Maritime call sign|call sign]] DBW
*1916: code letters HTOM
*{{ICS|Hotel}}{{ICS|Tango}}{{ICS|Oscar}}{{ICS|Mike}}
*by 1934: call sign CSBJ
*{{ICS|Charlie}}{{ICS|Sierra}}{{ICS|Bravo}}{{ICS|Juliet}}
| Ship fate = scrapped 1951
| Ship notes = 
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
| Hide header = 
| Header caption = 
| Ship class = [[:de:Feldherren-Klasse|"General"-class]] [[:de:Reichspostdampfer|mail steamship]]
| Ship tonnage = {{GRT|8965}}, {{NRT|5034}}
| Ship length = {{cvt|462.4|ft|abbr=on}}
| Ship beam = {{cvt|57.6|ft|abbr=on}}
| Ship draught = 
| Ship depth = {{cvt|36.0|ft|abbr=on}}
| Ship decks = 4
| Ship power = 760 [[Horsepower#Nominal horsepower|NHP]]; 6,500 [[Horsepower#Indicated horsepower|ihp]]
| Ship propulsion = *2 × [[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|quadruple-expansion engines]]
*2 × [[Propeller|screws]]
| Ship speed = {{convert|15|kn|km/h}}
| Ship capacity = *passengers: 108 × 1st class; 106 × 2nd class; 1,830 [[steerage]]
*by 1934: cargo included {{cvt|13014|cuft|0}} [[Reefer ship|refrigerated]]
| Ship troops =
| Ship crew = 194
| Ship complement = 
| Ship sensors = *by 1911: [[Submarine signals|submarine signalling]]
*by 1938: [[echo sounding]] device
| Ship notes = 
}}
|}

'''SS ''Nyassa''''' was a [[Steamship|steam]] [[ocean liner]] that was launched in [[German Empire|Germany]] in 1906 as '''''{{lang|de|Bülow}}''''' for [[Norddeutscher Lloyd]] (NDL). In 1916 [[First Portuguese Republic|Portugal]] seized her, renamed her '''''{{lang|pt|Trás-os-Montes}}''''', and placed her under the management of [[:de:Transportes Marítimos do Estado|Transportes Marítimos do Estado]] (TME). In 1924 [[:pt:Companhia Nacional de Navegação|Companhia Nacional de Navegação]] (CNN) bought her and renamed her ''Nyassa''. After a long career with CNN she was scrapped in [[England]] in 1951.

As ''{{lang|de|Bülow}}'', the ship sailed mostly between [[Ports of Bremen|Bremen]] and the [[Far East]]. However, she spent 1907 making three return voyages between Bremen and [[Port Jackson|Sydney]], and in 1908 she made at least three return voyages between Bremen and [[Port of New York and New Jersey|New York]].

As ''Nyassa'', her scheduled route was between [[Port of Lisbon|Lisbon]] and [[Portuguese Mozambique|Moçambique]] via [[Port of Cape Town|Cape Town]]. In 1941 she rescued survivors from a British [[merchant ship]] that had been sunk by a [[U-boat]]. From 1940 to 1944 she made numerous voyages taking refugees from Portugal, [[Francoist Spain|Spain]], and [[French protectorate in Morocco|Morocco]] to the United States, Argentina, Brazil, [[Republic of Cuba (1902–1959)|Cuba]], the [[Dominican Republic]], Mexico, and [[Mandatory Palestine|Palestine]].

=="General"-class liners==
Between 1903 and 1908 NDL took delivery of a [[Ship class|class]] of 11 twin-[[Propeller|screw]] passenger liners, of intermediate size and speed, from four different German shipbuilders. All were named after [[Prussia]]n [[Generalfeldmarschall|field marshals]] and [[General (Germany)|generals]] of the 18th and early 19th century, so they were called the {{lang|de|Feldherren-Klasse}}, or in English the "General" class. [[Schichau-Werke]] in Danzig (now [[Gdańsk]] in Poland) built five of the class,{{sfn|Rothe|1986|pp=93, 111, 119}} including the [[lead ship]], ''[[:de:Zieten (Schiff, 1903)|Zieten]]'', which was launched in 1902 and completed in 1903. [[Joh. C. Tecklenborg]] in [[Bremerhaven]] built three: ''{{lang|de|Roon}}'' in 1903, {{SS|Scharnhorst|1904|2}} in 1904, and ''{{lang|de|Bülow}}'' in 1906.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.tecklenborg-werft.de/schiffsdatenbank |title=Roon |work=Schiffsdatenbank |lang=de |publisher=Historisches Museum Bremerhaven Tecklenborg-Werft |access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.tecklenborg-werft.de/schiffsdatenbank |title=Scharnhorst |work=Schiffsdatenbank |lang=de |publisher=Historisches Museum Bremerhaven Tecklenborg-Werft |access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref><ref name=HMB>{{cite web |url= https://www.tecklenborg-werft.de/schiffsdatenbank |title=Bülow |work=Schiffsdatenbank |lang=de |publisher=Historisches Museum Bremerhaven Tecklenborg-Werft |access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref> [[AG Weser]] in [[Bremen]] built two,{{sfn|Rothe|1986|p=99}} and [[AG Vulcan Stettin|AG Vulcan]] in Stettin (now [[Szczecin]] in Poland) built one.{{sfn|Rothe|1986|p=94}}

==Building==
[[File:Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bulow.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow|Freiherr von Bülow]] ]]
Tecklenborg built the ship as yard number 209. She was launched on 21 April 1906 as ''{{lang|de|Bülow}}'', after [[Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bülow]] (1755–1816), a [[Prussian Army]] general who served in the [[Napoleonic Wars]]. She was completed and made her [[sea trial]]s on 22 September.<ref name=HMB/>

Her registered length was {{cvt|462.4|ft|abbr=on}}, her [[Beam (nautical)|beam]] was {{cvt|57.6|ft|abbr=on}}, and her depth was {{cvt|36.0|ft|abbr=on}}.{{sfn|''Lloyd's Register'' 1907|loc=BUK–BUL}} Her hull had a [[Double hull|double bottom]] and nine watertight [[Bulkhead (partition)|bulkheads]]. The watertight doors in the bulkheads could be closed hydraulically by remote control from her [[Bridge (nautical)|bridge]], and she was designed to remain afloat with any two of her [[Compartment (ship)|compartments]] flooded.<ref name=EJ-1907-0311>{{cite news |title=A new liner |newspaper=[[The News (Adelaide)|The Evening Journal]] |place=Adelaide |page=2 |date=5 March 1907 |via=[[Trove]] |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/208608968 |access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref>

She had berths for 2,044 passengers: 108 in first class; 106 in second class; and 1,830 in [[steerage]].{{sfn|Rothe|1986|p=112}} Her amenities included a passenger gymnasium<ref name=EM-1907-0305>{{cite news |title=G.M.S. Bulow |newspaper=The Evening Mail |place=Fremantle |page=3 |date=5 March 1907 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/256576709 |access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref> with electric exercise machines. Some of her cargo holds were [[Reefer ship|refrigerated]].<ref name=EJ-1907-0311/> Her [[tonnage]]s were {{GRT|8965}} and {{NRT|5034}}.{{sfn|''Lloyd's Register'' 1907|loc=BUK–BUL}}

Each of her screws was driven by a [[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|quadruple-expansion engine]]. The combined power of her twin engines was rated at 760 [[Horsepower#Nominal horsepower|NHP]]{{sfn|''Lloyd's Register'' 1907|loc=BUK–BUL}} or 6,500 [[Horsepower#Indicated horsepower|ihp]].{{sfn|Rothe|1986|p=112}} On her sea trials she averaged 5,980 ihp, and maintained {{convert|16|kn|km/h}}.<ref name=HMB/> Her normal cruising speed in service was {{convert|15|kn|km/h}}.{{sfn|Rothe|1986|p=112}}{{sfn|Hughes|Humphries|1977|p=23}}

==''{{lang|de|Bülow}}''==
[[File:Bulow 1906 NDL.jpg|thumb|A postcard of the ship as ''{{lang|de|Bülow}}'']]
NDL [[Ship registration|registered]] ''{{lang|de|Bülow}}'' in [[Ports of Bremen|Bremen]]. Her [[code letters]] were QJFB.{{sfn|''Lloyd's Register'' 1907|loc=BUK–BUL}} On 26 September 1906 she left Bremen on her maiden voyage, which was on NDL's route to the Far East via the [[Suez Canal]].<ref name=HMB/>

After her maiden voyage, ''{{lang|de|Bülow}}'' made three trips to Australia. On the first she left Bremen on 23 January 1907,<ref name=HMB/> carrying passengers including a German [[grand opera]] company recruited by the [[theatre producer]] [[George Musgrove]].<ref>{{cite news |title=German Opera Company |newspaper=[[Daily News (Perth, Western Australia)|The Daily News]] |place=Perth |page=6 |date=5 March 1907 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/83316617 |access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Grand opera for Australia. |newspaper=[[The Telegraph (Adelaide)|The Express and Telegraph]] |place=Adelaide |page=4 |date=1 March 1907 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/208903604 |access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref> She called at [[Port of Antwerp|Antwerp]], [[Port of Southampton|Southampton]], [[Port of Genoa|Genoa]], [[Port of Naples|Naples]], and [[Port Said]]; passed through the Suez Canal; and called at [[Aden Colony|Aden]] and [[Port of Colombo|Colombo]].<ref name=EJ-1907-0311/> On 4–5 March she called at [[Fremantle Harbour|Fremantle]];<ref name=EM-1907-0305/><ref>{{cite news |title=Departures |newspaper=The Evening Mail |place=Fremantle |page=3 |date=5 March 1907 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/256576710 |access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref> on 9 March she arrived off [[Adelaide]];<ref name=EJ-1907-0311/> and on 12–13 March she called at [[Port of Melbourne|Melbourne]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Shipping intelligence. |newspaper=[[Bendigo Advertiser]] |place=Bendigo |page=4 |date=13 March 1907 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/89598165 |access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Shipping intelligence. |newspaper=[[The Argus (Melbourne)|The Argus]] |place=Melbourne |page=6 |date=14 March 1907 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/10622235 |access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref> On 16 March she reached NDL's wharf at West [[Circular Quay]] in [[Sydney]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Mail Steamers. |newspaper=[[Daily Cargo News|Daily Commercial News and Shipping List]] |place=Sydney |page=4 |date=16 March 1907 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/158814367 |access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref> With ''{{lang|de|Bülow}}'' and other ships of similar speed, NDL planned to reduce the journey time between Bremen and Sydney by five days.<ref>{{cite news |title=Arrival of the N.D.L. Bulow. |newspaper=[[The Evening News (Sydney)|The Evening News]] |place=Sydney |page=7 |date=16 March 1907 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/115217803 |access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref> On her return voyage, ''{{lang|de|Bülow}}'' left Sydney on 23 March,<ref>{{cite news |title=Mail Steamers. |newspaper=Daily Commercial News and Shipping List |place=Sydney |page=4 |date=25 March 1907 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/158816604 |access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref> called at Melbourne on 25 March,<ref>{{cite news |title=Shipping intelligence. |newspaper=The Argus |place=Melbourne |page=6 |date=26 March 1907 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/10624941 |access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref> Adelaide on 28 March,<ref>{{cite news |title=Shipping news. |newspaper=The Express and Telegraph |place=Adelaide |page=1 |date=1 March 1907 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/208906367 |access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref> and Fremantle on 2 April,<ref>{{cite news |title=G.M.S. Bulow |newspaper=The Evening Mail |place=Fremantle |page=3 |date=3 April 1907 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/256582621 |access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref> and reached Bremen on 8 May.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mail Steamers. |newspaper=Daily Commercial News and Shipping List |place=Sydney |page=4 |date=11 May 1907 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/158817698 |access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref>

On her next voyage to Australia, ''{{lang|de|Bülow}}'' reached Sydney on 3 July with passengers including 112 agricultural labourers for the [[CSR Limited|Colonial Sugar Refining Company]], who were to change ships in Sydney and continue to [[Queensland]]. 104 of them were from [[Catalonia]] in Spain.<ref>{{cite news |title=Spaniards for Queensland. |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |page=7 |date=4 July 1907 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/14844764 |access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref> The other eight were from [[Lincolnshire]] in England, where they had been earning nine [[Shilling (British coin)|shillings]] a week. Their contract with the sugar company increased their wage to 22 [[Shilling (Australian)|shillings]] and [[Sixpence (Australian)|sixpence]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Cane-fields labour. |newspaper=The Argus |place=Melbourne |page=7 |date=1 July 1907 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/10149708 |access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref>

On her final voyage to Australia, ''{{lang|de|Bülow}}'' reached Sydney on 23 October. Her passengers included four German scientists on their way to research in [[New Guinea]]. At Circular Quay they transferred to the NDL ship ''{{lang|de|Prinz Sigismund}}'' to complete their journey.<ref>{{cite news |title=German mail |newspaper=[[The Australian Star]] |place=Sydney |page=6 |date=25 October 1907 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/229500235 |access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref> For her return voyage, ''{{lang|de|Bülow}}'' loaded 6,900 bales of wool.<ref>{{cite news |title=Big cargo steamers sailing |newspaper=The Australian Star |place=Sydney |page=1 |date=1 November 1907 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/229509870 |access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref> She left Sydney on 2 November.<ref>{{cite news |title=Departures.—Nov 2. |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |page=8 |date=4 November 1907 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/14890885 |access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref>

In 1908 NDL ''{{lang|de|Bülow}}'' made at least three round trips on NDL's main North Atlantic route. She left Bremen on 11 January,<ref name=HMB/> on 23 January she arrived off [[Port of New York and New Jersey|New York]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Shipping news. |newspaper=[[New-York Tribune]] |date=24 January 1908 |page=12 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1908-01-24/ed-1/seq-12/}}</ref> and on 28 January she left New York to return to Bremen.<ref>{{cite news |title=Outgoing steamships. |newspaper=[[The Sun (New York City)|The Sun]] |place=New York |date=27 January 1908 |page=11 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030272/1908-01-27/ed-1/seq-11/}}</ref> She made another transatlantic crossing that summer. She left Bremen on 25 July, was due in New York on 5 August,<ref>{{cite news |title=Marine intelligence. |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=5 August 1908 |page=12 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1908-08-05/ed-1/seq-12/}}</ref> and left New York on 13 August to return to Bremen.<ref>{{cite news |title=Outgoing steamers. |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=13 August 1908 |page=12 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1908-08-13/ed-1/seq-12/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Sailed. |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=14 August 1908 |page=10 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1908-08-14/ed-1/seq-10/}}</ref> She left Bremen again on 12 September with 503 passengers, arrived off New York on 23 September,<ref>{{cite news |title=Shipping news. |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=25 September 1908 |page=12 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1908-09-25/ed-1/seq-12/}}</ref> and on 1 October left New York to return to Bremen.<ref>{{cite news |title=Outgoing steamships. |newspaper=The Sun |place=New York |date=1 October 1908 |page=11 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030272/1908-10-01/ed-1/seq-11/}}</ref>

By 1911 ''{{lang|de|Bülow}}'' was equipped with [[Submarine signals|submarine signalling]] and [[wireless telegraphy]].{{sfn|''Lloyd's Register'' 1910|loc=BUL–BUR}} By 1913 her wireless [[Maritime call sign|call sign]] was DBW.{{sfn|The Marconi Press Agency Ltd|1913|p=234}}

In 1914 ''{{lang|de|Bülow}}'' was on NDL's route between Bremen and [[Port of Yokohama|Yokohama]]. Her ports of call were Rotterdam, Antwerp, Southampton, Gibraltar, [[Algiers]], Genoa, Naples, Port Said, Suez, Aden, Colombo, [[Port of Penang|Penang]], [[Port of Singapore|Singapore]], [[British Hong Kong|Hong Kong]], [[Port of Shanghai|Shanghai]], Tsingtau (now [[Qingdao]]), and [[Port of Kobe|Kobe]]. On return voyages she called at [[Port of Nagasaki|Nagasaki]] instead of Tsingtau.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.timetableimages.com/maritime/images/ndl.htm |last=Larsson |first=Björn |title=North German Lloyd |work=marine timetable images |date=23 June 2019 |access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref>

On 2 May ''{{lang|de|Bülow}}'' left Yokohama on a return voyage to Bremen via Suez. On 18 June she ran aground in fog on the west side of the [[Isle of Portland]] in the [[English Channel]]. [[Tugboat|Tugs]] rescued her 300 passengers and their baggage, and landed them at [[Weymouth, Dorset|Weymouth]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Liner Buelow fast on rocks |url-access=subscription |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=19 June 1914 |page=1 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/06/19/100322466.html?pageNumber=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Steamer Buelow ashore. |newspaper=[[The Washington Star|The Evening Star]] |place=Washington, DC |date=18 June 1914 |page=1 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1914-06-18/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref> ''{{lang|de|Bülow}}'' was only slightly damaged, and was the next day she was refloated and anchored in [[Portland Harbour]] to re-embark her passengers.<ref>{{cite news |title=Vessels ashore get off. |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=20 June 1914 |page=5 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/06/20/101755421.html?pageNumber=5}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Liner and yacht floated |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=20 June 1914 |page=4 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1914-06-20/ed-1/seq-4/}}</ref>

[[File:Postal com o Paquete Traz-os-Montes nos T.M.E (cerca de 1916).jpg|thumb|A postcard of the ship as ''{{lang|pt|Trás-os-Montes}}'']]
In July 1914 ''{{lang|de|Bülow}}'' left Bremen on her next voyage. When the First World War began on 3 August, she took refuge in Lisbon.{{sfn|Rothe|1986|p=112}} On 23 February 1916, the commander of the [[Portuguese Navy]] division in Lisbon seized 36 German and [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian]] ships in the port, including ''{{lang|de|Bülow}}''.<ref name=NYT-1916-0224>{{cite news |title=Portuguese Naval Commander Seizes 36 Teuton Ships, All Austria and Germany Had in the Tagus River |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=24 February 1916 |page=1 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1916/02/24/104666487.html?pageNumber=1}}</ref> On each ship a Portuguese crew was put aboard,<ref name=NYT-1916-0225>{{cite news |title=Portugal to explain seizure of vessels |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=24 February 1916 |page=3 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1916/02/25/100193104.html?pageNumber=3}}</ref> the [[flag of the German Empire]] was lowered, and the [[flag of Portugal]] was raised.<ref name=NYT-1916-0224/> An explosive device was discovered in ''{{lang|de|Bülow}}''{{'}}s [[Fire room|boiler room]], which was designed to detonate if the ship were moved. The Portuguese prevented it from being detonated, but her machinery was damaged.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ship plots in Portugal |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=27 February 1916 |page=3 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1916/02/27/100193650.html?pageNumber=3}}</ref>

==''{{lang|pt|Trás-os-Montes}}''==
[[File:Transportes Marítimos do Estado - Anuncio na Folha de S.Paulo (1922).jpg|thumb|TME advertisement for "the magnificent steamer" ''{{lang|pt|Trás-os-Montes}}'' to sail between [[Port of Rio de Janeiro|Rio de Janeiro]] and Lisbon in June 1922]]
The Portuguese Government assumed ownership of all the German and Austro-Hungarian ships, and founded a [[state-owned enterprise]], Transportes Marítimos do Estado (TME), to manage them. ''{{lang|de|Bülow}}'' was renamed ''{{lang|pt|Trás-os-Montes}}'', after the [[Trás-os-Montes|region of the same name]] in northeastern Portugal. She was registered in Lisbon.{{sfn|''Lloyd's Register'' 1917|loc=TRA–TRE}} Her code letters were HTOM.{{sfn|''Lloyd's Register'' 1921|loc=TRA}}

After the First World War, TME tried to start several scheduled liner routes. ''{{lang|pt|Trás-os-Montes}}'' was one of the ship that it put on a route between Lisbon and [[Port of Rio de Janeiro|Rio de Janeiro]] via [[Port of Funchal|Funchal]], [[Recife]], and [[Salvador, Bahia|Salvador]] (see advertisement). However, TME ceased trading, and from 1922 ''{{lang|pt|Trás-os-Montes}}'' was laid up in Lisbon.<ref name=HMB/>

==''Nyassa''==
In 1924 Companhia Nacional de Navegação (CNN) bought ''{{lang|pt|Trás-os-Montes}}'' and renamed her ''Nyassa'', after [[Niassa Province]] in northern [[Portuguese Mozambique|Moçambique]]. CNN put her on its route between Lisbon and Moçambique, serving various Portuguese islands and African territories of the [[Portuguese Empire]] en route. By January 1938 her ports of call were [[Port of Funchal|Funchal]], [[São Tomé]], [[Pointe-Noire]], [[Port of Luanda|Luanda]], [[Porto Amboim]], [[Lobito]], [[Moçâmedes]], Cape Town, Lourenço Marques (now [[Port of Maputo|Maputo]]), [[Port of Beira|Beira]], and the [[Island of Mozambique]].<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.timetableimages.com/maritime/images/cnn.htm |last=Larsson |first=Björn |title=Companhia Nacional de Navegação |work=marine timetable images |access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref>

By 1932 the combined power of her twin engines had been reassessed as 1,170 NHP.{{sfn|''Lloyd's Register'' 1931|loc=[https://plimsoll.southampton.gov.uk/shipdata/pdfs/31/31b0892.pdf NUR–NYH]}} By 1934 the refrigerated capacity in her holds was {{cvt|13014|cuft|0}}.{{sfn|''Lloyd's Register'' 1934|loc=[https://plimsoll.southampton.gov.uk/shipdata/pdfs/34/34b1006.pdf Supplementary list of vessels fitted with refrigerating appliances]}} Also by 1934, her wireless call sign was CSBJ, and this had superseded her code letters.{{sfn|''Lloyd's Register'' 1934|loc=[https://plimsoll.southampton.gov.uk/shipdata/pdfs/34/34b0620.pdf NUM–NYH]}} By June 1938 she was equipped with an [[echo sounding]] device.{{sfn|''Lloyd's Register'' 1938|loc=[https://plimsoll.southampton.gov.uk/shipdata/pdfs/38/38b0653.pdf NUM–NYH]}}

===1940 refugee voyage===
[[File:Franz Loewy - Portrait Oscar Straus, 1929 (ohne Rahmen).jpg|thumb|upright|Composer [[Oscar Straus (composer)|Oscar Straus]] ]]
Portugal remained [[Neutral country|neutral]] in the Second World War, and at first ''Nyassa'' remained on her scheduled route. However, in November 1940 she was diverted to take refugees from Europe to the United States. She left Lisbon on 23 November carrying 458 passengers, many of them refugees from [[German-occupied Europe]], and some of whom had been held in insanitary internment camps in France. They included the electrical engineer and inventor [[Georges Lakhovsky]], composer [[Oscar Straus (composer)|Oscar Straus]], the son-in-law and daughter of the former [[President of Lithuania]] [[Antanas Smetona]], and 27 [[Thai people|Thais]] on a long and indirect journey home to Thailand. On 2 December her steering gear from her [[Bridge (nautical)|bridge]] froze in sub-zero temperatures. From then on she was steered from the emergency steering wheel on her [[Poop deck|poop]], guided by telephone from her bridge. On 4 December she reached the [[quarantine]] station at [[Hoffman Island]], New York, flying the [[International maritime signal flags|signal flags]] for "I am out of control".<ref>{{cite news |title=Arrived Yesterday |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=5 December 1940 |page=51 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1940/12/05/91589898.html?pageNumber=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Portuguese Ship Brings 458 Here From War-Stricken Countries |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=5 December 1940 |page=16 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1940/12/05/91589714.html?pageNumber=16}}</ref>

===''Andalusian'' rescue===
On the evening of 17 March 1941, {{GS|U-106|1940|2}} made a torpedo attack on [[SL convoys|Convoy SL]] 68 off the coast of [[French West Africa]], sinking two [[cargo ship]]s. They included [[Ellerman Lines|Ellerman & Papayanni Lines]]' ''Andalusian'', which sank at position {{coord|15|50|N|20|42|W}}. There were no fatalities, and the 42 crew abandoned ship in two lifeboats. Her [[Master mariner|Master]] commanded the [[Port and starboard|starboard]] lifeboat, carrying 23 men; while her [[Chief mate|Chief Officer]] commanded her [[Port and starboard|port]] lifeboat, carrying 18 men. Overnight the two lifeboats became separated. The Chief Officer's boat headed for [[Portuguese Cape Verde|Cape Verde]], and landed on [[Boa Vista, Cape Verde|Boa Vista]] on 20 March.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ship/825.html |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |title=Andalusian |work=uboat.net |access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref>

[[File:Paquete "Lima" ex. Westerwald (cropped).jpg|thumb|The steamship {{SS|Lima||2}}]]
The Master's boat set sail for Bathurst (now [[Banjul]]) in [[Gambia Colony and Protectorate|Gambia]]. On 20 March ''Nyassa'' sighted the boat and rescued its occupants. ''Nyassa'' was en route to Lisbon via Funchal and [[Port of Casablanca|Casablanca]], where she was to disembark 400 Frenchmen who had refused to serve with the [[Free France|Free French]] forces. ''Andalusian''{{'}}s survivors feared being captured in [[Vichy France|Vichy]]-ruled Morocco, so they disambarked in Funchal. A few days later they continued their voyage aboard {{SS|Lima||2}}, which reached Lisbon on 29 March.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.portugal1939-1945.org/en/the-nyassa-picked-up-23-survivors-from-the-british-andaluzian/ |title=The "Nyassa" picked up 23 survivors from the British "Andaluzian" (sic) |work=Portugal 1939–1945 |date=21 February 2019 |access-date=2 May 2024}}</ref>

===1941 refugee voyages===
Two dormitories were created in ''Nyassa''{{'}}s cargo holds, one forward and the other aft, to carry an additional 400 steerage passengers. On 16 April she left Lisbon carrying 816 passengers. Fares ranged from $160 for a berth in one of the dormitories, to $480 for a berth in a first class cabin. Passengers included the historian [[Julius Brutzkus]], art dealer Herman Rothschild, and the 83-year-old father of shipping entrepreneur [[Arnold Bernstein]]. Passengers in the dormitories complained of a lack of light, ventilation, and space. One passenger said conditions were "abominable", and led to "several clashes between the passengers". ''Nyassa'' reached New York on 25 April.<ref>{{cite news |title=Arrived Yesterday |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=26 April 1941 |page=31 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1941/04/26/issue.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Tiny liner brings 816 from Europe |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=26 April 1941 |page=16 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1941/04/26/88724265.html?pageNumber=7}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Dr. Brutzkus, OSE Head, Arrives Here |publisher=[[Jewish Telegraphic Agency]] |date=27 April 1941 |access-date=2 May 2024 |url= https://www.jta.org/archive/dr-brutzkus-ose-head-arrives-here}}</ref>

''Nyassa'' next left Lisbon carrying refugees on 25 May,<ref>{{cite web |title=Liste Nr.228: Dampfer "Nyassa" |lang=de |date=25 May 1941 |via=[[American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee|JDC]] Archives |access-date=2 May 2024 |url= https://search.archives.jdc.org/multimedia/Documents/Names%20Databank/Nyassa/Nyassa_May1941/Additional%20Links/Complete_Nyassa_May41.pdf}}</ref> and reached New York before 16 June.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tiny Bundles From Germany |newspaper=The Waterbury Democrat |place=Waterbury, CT |date=16 June 1941 |page=11 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014085/1941-06-16/ed-1/seq-11/}}</ref>

In July 1941 ''Nyassa'' left Lisbon carrying passengers including 400 refugees. She called at Casablanca, where the passengers she embarked included another 200 refugees.<ref>{{cite news |title=600 More Refugees Saved by JDC Reach New York |publisher=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |date=11 August 1941 |access-date=2 May 2024 |url= https://www.jta.org/archive/600-more-refugees-saved-by-jdc-reach-new-york}}</ref> She arrived in New York on 9 August carrying a total of 690 passengers. Among them was Hedwig Ehrlich, who was the widow of scientist [[Paul Ehrlich]] and sister of industrialist [[Max Pinkus]]. As ''Nyassa'' steamed up the [[East River]] to her pier, the New York [[maritime pilot|pilot]] in charge of her miscalculated the state of the tide. The top {{convert|10|ft|0}} of her foremast hit the [[Brooklyn Bridge]], and was bent over at 90 degrees.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ship Snaps Her Mast on Brooklyn Bridge; Steel Section Bent as Nyassa Brings 690 |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=10 August 1941 |page=134 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1941/08/10/87654112.html?pageNumber=134}}</ref>

On 9 September 1941 ''Nyassa'' left Lisbon carrying 540 refugees.<ref>{{cite web |title=SS. "Nyassa" September 9th, 1941 |date=25 October 1941 |via=JDC Archives |access-date=2 May 2024 |url= https://search.archives.jdc.org/multimedia/Documents/Names%20Databank/Nyassa/Nyassa_Sep1941/Additional%20Links/Complete_Nyassa_Sep41.pdf}}</ref> On 22 September she called at [[Havana Harbor|Havana]], Cuba, where 318 of them disembarked. The remainder continued to New York.<ref>{{cite news |title=Refugee Ship at Havana |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=23 September 1941 |page=5 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1941/09/23/87672420.html?pageNumber=5}}</ref>

[[File:Hotel de Inmigrantes c. 1912 - Google Arts & Culture.jpg|thumb|[[Hotel de Inmigrantes]], Buenos Aires]]
On 12 November 1941 ''Nyassa'' left Lisbon carrying more than 600 refugees, most of whom were elderly.<ref>{{cite web |title=S/S "Nyassa" Sailing November 9th, 1941 |date=13 November 1941 |via=JDC Archives |access-date=2 May 2024 |url= https://search.archives.jdc.org/multimedia/Documents/Names%20Databank/Nyassa/Nyassa_Nov1941/Additional%20Links/Complete_Nyassa_Nov41.pdf}}</ref> She disembarked 400 of them in Brazil, and then took more than 200 to [[Port of Buenos Aires|Buenos Aires]], where she arrived on 7 or 8 December. Argentinian immigration officers let 185 of them disembark on arrival,<ref>{{cite news |title=Over 200 Jewish Refugees Arrive in Argentina; Most Permitted to Land Immediately |publisher=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |date=8 December 1941 |access-date=2 May 2024 |url= https://www.jta.org/archive/over-200-jewish-refugees-arrive-in-argentina-most-permitted-to-land-immediately}}</ref> but 31 were at first denied permission to disembark. Most were in transit to either Colombia or Paraguay, and were allowed to disembark by 16 December. Three were detained in the [[Hotel de Inmigrantes]], and one married couple was sent back to Europe because the wife was suffering from [[trachoma]].<ref>{{cite news |title=26 Jewish Refugees Allowed to Land in Argentina En Route to Chile, Colombia |publisher=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |date=16 December 1941 |access-date=2 May 2024 |url= https://www.jta.org/archive/26-jewish-refugees-allowed-to-land-in-argentina-en-route-to-chile-colombia}}</ref>

===1942 refugee voyages===
''Nyassa'' left Lisbon in January 1942, and sailed via Casablanca to North America.<ref name=JDC-1942-01>{{cite web |title=Lista de pasajeros en el vapor "Nyassa" |date=January 1942 |via=JDC Archives |access-date=2 May 2024 |url= https://search.archives.jdc.org/multimedia/Documents/Names%20Databank/Nyassa/Nyassa_Jan1942/Additional%20Links/Complete_Nyassa_Jan42.pdf}}</ref> On 3 March she reached [[Veracruz]] in Mexico, where disembarked 48 [[Republican faction (Spanish Civil War)|Spanish Republican]] refugees and a number of Jewish refugees.<ref>{{cite news |title=Refugees reach Mexico |newspaper=[[The Washington Star|The Evening Star]] |place=Washington, DC |date=3 March 1942 |page=A–5 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1942-03-03/ed-1/seq-7/}}</ref> She also disembarked Jewish refugees at [[Newport News, Virginia]] on 17 March, and at Ciudad Trujillo (now [[Santo Domingo]]) in the Dominican Republic on 20 March. Her passengers on this voyage also included Jewish refugees destined for Cuba.<ref name=JDC-1942-01/>

On 3 June 1942 ''Nyassa'' reached New York with 64 passengers after another voyage from Lisbon via Casablanca and Veracruz. At Veracruz she disembarked 865 Spanish Republicans. In New York she embarked 180 or 200 German nationals for repatriation to Europe,<ref>{{cite news |title=Large sums taken from refugee band |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=4 June 1942 |page=21 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1942/06/04/104315200.html?pageNumber=21}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=180 Germans to sail on Portuguese liner |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=13 June 1942 |page=6 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1942/06/13/87706533.html?pageNumber=6}}</ref> and left on 13 June.<ref>{{cite news |title=Wife and Parents Of Saboteurs Among 14 Seized by FBI |newspaper=The Evening Star |place=Washington, DC |date=13 July 1942 |page=A–5 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1942-07-13/ed-1/seq-7/}}</ref>

On 10 July 1942 ''Nyassa'' left Lisbon, and a few days later she called at Casablanca to embark refugees who had arrived there from [[Marseille-Fos Port|Marseille]]. On 21 July she arrived in [[Bermuda]],<ref>{{cite news |title=Jewish Refugees Who Were Stranded in Portugal and Spain Arrive in Baltimore |publisher=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |date=31 July 1942 |access-date=2 May 2024 |url= https://www.jta.org/archive/jewish-refugees-who-were-stranded-in-portugal-and-spain-arrive-in-baltimore}}</ref> where the [[United Kingdom]] authorities held her for five days.<ref name=ES-1942-0731>{{cite news |title=Checkup Is Started Of 800 in Baltimore Aboard Refugee Ship |newspaper=The Evening Star |place=Washington, DC |date=31 July 1942 |page=2–X |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1942-07-31/ed-1/seq-3/}}</ref> On 30 July she arrived in [[Port of Baltimore|Baltimore]] carrying nearly 800 refugees, of whom 350 were Jewish and 198 were children.<ref>{{cite news |title=800 Refugees Reach Baltimore on Nyassa |newspaper=The Evening Star |place=Washington, DC |date=30 July 1942 |page=A–8 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1942-07-30/ed-1/seq-10/}}</ref> On arrival, two sick passengers were removed from the ship on stretchers. One, Bertha Klein, was taken by ambulance to the [[Marine Hospital Service|Marine Hospital]] in Baltimore, where she was declared dead on arrival. US authorities held the remainder aboard the ship, while [[Office of Naval Intelligence|US Navy intelligence]], [[United States Army Intelligence and Security Command|US Army intelligence]], the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]], and [[Baltimore Police Department]] checked each passenger. By the next day, nearly 200 passengers had been detained at [[Fort Howard (Maryland)|Fort Howard]].<ref name=ES-1942-0731/>

The [[United States Customs Service]] seized jewellery from one refugee aboard ''Nyassa'' who had failed to declare them. At first it was reported that he had concealed diamonds, emeralds, rings and brooches worth a total of $50,000.<ref>{{cite news |title=$50,000 in Jewels Found In Refugee's Baggage |newspaper=The Evening Star |place=Washington, DC |date=3 August 1942 |page=1 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1942-08-03/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref> On 11 September 1942 he pleaded guilty to smuggling uncut diamonds worth $9,000. [[United States District Court for the District of Maryland|US District Court]] judge [[William Calvin Chesnut]] fined him $1,000 and sentenced him to 30 days' imprisonment, after which both the defendant and his wife were to be deported from the US.<ref>{{cite news |title=Refugee Is Sentenced For Gem Smuggling |newspaper=The Evening Star |place=Washington, DC |date=11 September 1942 |page=A–6 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1942-09-11/ed-1/seq-8/}}</ref>

===1943 refugee voyages===
''Nyassa'' left Lisbon in April 1943.<ref>{{cite web |title=Passengers on the SS Nyassa, 1941-1944 |work=Early Remittance Lists |publisher=JDC Archives |access-date=2 May 2024 |url= https://archives.jdc.org/our-collections/names-index/lists-in-the-names-index/}}</ref> By 7 May she had arrived in the US, carrying refugees including Oliver Freud, one of the sons of psychologist [[Sigmund Freud]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Refugee Is Sentenced For Gem Smuggling |newspaper=The Southern Jewish Weekly |place=Jacksonville, FL |date=7 May 1943 |page=1 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn78000090/1943-05-07/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref> On 24 June she left Lisbon with another party of refugees travelling to the US.<ref>{{cite web |title=Liste des passagers partis sur S/S"Nyassa" le 19 Juin 1943 |date=24 June 1943 |via=JDC Archives |lang=fr |access-date=2 May 2024 |url= https://search.archives.jdc.org/multimedia/Documents/Names%20Databank/Nyassa/Nyassa_Jun1943/Additional%20Links/Complete_Nyassa_Jun43.pdf}}</ref>

===1944 refugee voyages===
[[File:THE PORTUGUESE SHIP "NYASSA" BRINGING NEW EUROPEAN IMMIGRANTS VIA LISBON TO HAIFA PORT. עולים חדשים מגיעים באונייה פורטוגזית לנמל חיפה.D820-040.jpg|thumb|''Nyassa'' in [[Port of Haifa|Haifa]], [[Mandatory Palestine|Palestine]], 1 February 1944]]
''Nyassa'' left Lisbon on 25 January 1944<ref>{{cite web |title=Passengers ex Lisbon |date=January 25, 1944 |via=JDC Archives |access-date=2 May 2024 |url= https://search.archives.jdc.org/multimedia/Documents/Names%20Databank/Nyassa/Nyassa_Jan1944/Additional%20Links/Complete_Nyassa_Jan44.pdf}}</ref> carrying 172 Jewish refugees, some of whom had been in Portugal since 1933. She then called at [[Cádiz]], where she embarked another 570 refugees.<ref>{{cite news |title=Singing, Dancing Marks Departure of Refugee Ship Bound from Lisbon to Palestine |publisher=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |date=25 January 1944 |access-date=2 May 2024 |url= https://www.jta.org/archive/singing-dancing-marks-departure-of-refugee-ship-bound-from-lisbon-to-palestine}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=First Transport of 742 Jewish Refugees from Portugal and Spain Lands in Palestine |publisher=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |date=3 February 1944 |access-date=2 May 2024 |url= https://www.jta.org/archive/first-transport-of-742-jewish-refugees-from-portugal-and-spain-lands-in-palestine}}</ref> On 1 February she reached [[Port of Haifa|Haifa]] in Palestine, where she disembarked 754 refugees.<ref>{{cite news |title=754 Jews in exile land in Palestine |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=2 February 1944 |page=4 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1944/02/02/87433584.html?pageNumber=4}}</ref> She was then to continue through the [[Suez Canal]] to [[Portuguese India]] and return via Moçambique to Portugal, repatriating civil servants who were long overdue home leave because of the war.<ref>{{cite news |title=Refugee Jews Leave Portugal for Palestine |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=24 January 1944 |page=5 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1944/01/24/87432023.html?pageNumber=5}}</ref> The voyage made ''Nyassa'' the first [[merchant ship]] to make a commercial voyage through the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] and the Suez Canal since [[Military history of Italy during World War II|Italy joined the Second World War]] in June 1940.<ref>{{cite news |title=600 Jewish Refugees En Route from Lisbon to Palestine |publisher=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |date=5 January 1944 |access-date=2 May 2024 |url= https://www.jta.org/archive/600-jewish-refugees-en-route-from-lisbon-to-palestine}}</ref>

In June 1944 ''Nyassa'' left Lisbon carrying 75 refugees and 25 US citizens. On 8 July she reached [[Port of Philadelphia|Philadelphia]] after a 17-day crossing.<ref>{{cite news |title=25 Americans Among 100 Arriving on Refugee Ship |newspaper=The Evening Star |place=Washington, DC |date=9 July 1944 |page=A–2 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1944-07-09/ed-1/seq-2/}}</ref> On 18 September she left Lisbon with 118 passengers, including 95 refugees.<ref>{{cite news |title=Refugees Sail for U. S. |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=18 September 1944 |page=21 |access-date=2 May 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1944/09/18/87469170.html?pageNumber=21}}</ref> On 1 October she reached Philadelphia. 13 of her refugees were to join relatives already living in the US. The remainder were to travel onward to Canada.<ref>{{cite news |title=New Group of Jewish Refugees Arrives from Lisbon; Most Will Settle in Canada |publisher=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |date=2 October 1944 |access-date=2 May 2024 |url= https://www.jta.org/archive/new-group-of-jewish-refugees-arrives-from-lisbon-most-will-settle-in-canada}}</ref>

===Final years===
After the Second World War, ''Nyassa'' returned to her scheduled route between Lisbon and Moçambique. More than four decades after she was built, her machinery was still capable of {{convert|14|kn|km/h}}.{{sfn|Hughes|Humphries|1977|p=23}} From January 1950 she was laid up in Lisbon. In 1951 she was [[Ship breaking|scrapped]] in [[Blyth, Northumberland|Blyth]], England.<ref name=HMB/>{{sfn|Rothe|1986|p=112}}

==See also==
*{{SS|Lourenço Marques}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book |last1=Hughes |first1=David |last2=Humphries |first2=Peter |year=1977 |title=In South African Waters Passenger Liners Since 1930 |place=Cape Town |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=0-19-570120-8}}
*{{cite book |year=1907 |title=Lloyd's Register of British and Foreign Shipping |volume=I.–Steamers |place=London |publisher=[[Lloyd's Register]] of Shipping |via=[[Internet Archive]] |ref={{harvid|''Lloyd's Register'' 1907}} |url= https://archive.org/details/HECROS1908ST/page/n184/mode/1up}}
*{{cite book |year=1910 |title=Lloyd's Register of British and Foreign Shipping |volume=I.–Steamers |place=London |publisher=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |via=Internet Archive |ref={{harvid|''Lloyd's Register'' 1910}} |url= https://archive.org/details/HECROS1911ST/page/n195/mode/1up}}
*{{cite book |year=1917 |title=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |volume=II.–Steamers |place=London |publisher=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |via=Internet Archive |ref={{harvid|''Lloyd's Register'' 1917}} |url= https://archive.org/details/HECROS1918ST/page/n1041/mode/1up}}
*{{cite book |year=1921 |title=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |volume=II.–Steamers |place=London |publisher=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |via=Internet Archive |ref={{harvid|''Lloyd's Register'' 1921}} |url= https://archive.org/details/HECROS1922ST/page/n1274/mode/1up}}
*{{cite book |year=1924 |title=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |volume=II.–Steamers & Motorships |place=London |publisher=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |via=Internet Archive |ref={{harvid|''Lloyd's Register'' 1924}} |url= https://archive.org/details/HECROS1925ST/page/n1450/mode/1up}}
*{{cite book |year=1931 |title=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |volume=II.–Steamers and Motorships of 300 tons gross and over |place=London |publisher=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |via=[[Southampton City Council]] |ref={{harvid|''Lloyd's Register'' 1931}} }}
*{{cite book |year=1934 |title=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |volume=II.–Steamers and Motorships of 300 tons gross and over |place=London |publisher=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |via=Southampton City Council |ref={{harvid|''Lloyd's Register'' 1934}} }}
*{{cite book |year=1938 |title=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |volume=II.–Steamers and Motorships of 300 tons gross and over |place=London |publisher=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |via=Southampton City Council |ref={{harvid|''Lloyd's Register'' 1938}} }}
*{{cite book |author=The Marconi Press Agency Ltd |author-link=Marconi Company |year=1913 |title=The Year Book of Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony |place=London |publisher=The St Katherine Press}}
*{{cite book |last=Rothe |first=Klaus |year=1986 |title=Deutsche Ozean-Passagierschiffe 1896 bis 1918 |series=Bibliothek der Schiffstypen |lang=de |place=Berlin |publisher=VEB Verlag für Verkehrswesen |isbn=3-344-00059-4}}

==External links==
*{{cite web |title=Passengers on the SS Nyassa, 1941-1944 |work=Early Remittance Lists |publisher=[[American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee|JDC]] Archives |url= https://archives.jdc.org/our-collections/names-index/lists-in-the-names-index/}} – passenger lists of ten of ''Nyassa''{{'}}s refugee voyages, from April 1941 to September 1944
*{{cite web |title=Nyassa |publisher=Sousa Mendes Foundation |url= https://sousamendesfoundation.org/ships/nyassa}} – list of ''Nyassa'' passengers issued visas by Portuguese consul [[Aristides de Sousa Mendes]]
*{{cite web |title=Ships – Escaping The Holocaust as a Child On Board the Nyassa |publisher=[[Steamship Historical Society of America]] |via=YouTube |url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZfB1O3-5KzI}}

{{Norddeutscher Lloyd ships}}
{{January–July 1914 shipwrecks}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nyassa, SS}}

[[Category:1906 ships]]
[[Category:Captured ships]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in June 1914]]
[[Category:Passenger ships of Germany]]
[[Category:Passenger ships of Portugal]]
[[Category:Ships built in Bremen (state)]]
[[Category:Steamships of Germany]]
[[Category:Steamships of Portugal]]
[[Category:World War I merchant ships of Germany]]
[[Category:World War I merchant ships of Portugal]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Camano (steamboat) (edit)
French destroyer Mousqueton (edit)
German submarine U-106 (1940) (edit)
HMCS Karluk (edit)
HMS A7 (edit)
HMS Isis (1896) (edit)
HMS Laverock (1913) (edit)
HMS Warrior (1917) (edit)
Herzogin Cecilie (edit)
MS Gotenland (edit)
MV Bellubera (edit)
RMS Empress of Ireland (edit)
Russian battleship Andrei Pervozvanny (edit)
SS Alk (edit)
SS Benjamin Noble (edit)
SS Berlin (1908) (edit)
SS Bremen (1896) (edit)
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