Rauso
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Politics
Frederick Guest Tomlins described Rauso as a kingdom.[1] It also had an alternative toponym by the epithet of Raithus, or as Ptolemy used to call it; Rhaptus. It used to exchange ordained religious ministers with the northern principalities.[2] A predominant religion practised during the Rauso period was Waaqism.[3] During the classical era, through contact with Hadhramaut and Himyarite traders, the Rauso kingdom had contact with Abrahamic religions too, in the form of Christianity in the former and Judaism in the latter, and some of these populations had settled and became Somalized. The pre-Rauso era is largely regarded as corresponding with Lowland East Cushitic history.[4][5]
Rauso was situated in the vicinity of a major trade route linking the interiors of Ethiopia with the coast; thus it was part of the wider incense and aromatics trade centred in Barbaria.[6][7] It was bordered to the south by various Horner and Cushitic tribal groupings such as the Northern Azanians, the Ormas, the Bazrangids, the Tunni, and Gabooye.[8] Sometime during the latter half of the 1st millennium, Rauso was replaced by the Jabarta and Ximan civilizations.[9] Concurrently, there also existed a predominantly Christian civilization called Harli towards the north in the Nugaal Valley.[10][11]
References
- ^ Tomlins, Frederick Guest (1844). A Universal History of the Nations of Antiquity: Comprising a Complete History of the Jews, from the Creation to the Present Time : Likewise an Account of Ancient Syria, Grecian Islands, Persian Empire, Armenia, Numidia, Ethiopia, Arabia, Scythia, the Celtes, &c. &c. &c. : to which are Prefixed the Various Theories of Creation, According to the Most Esteemed Ancient and Modern Writers. W. Milner. p. 846.
- ^ Tomlins, Frederick Guest (1844). A Universal History of the Nations of Antiquity: Comprising a Complete History of the Jews, from the Creation to the Present Time : Likewise an Account of Ancient Syria, Grecian Islands, Persian Empire, Armenia, Numidia, Ethiopia, Arabia, Scythia, the Celtes, &c. &c. &c. : to which are Prefixed the Various Theories of Creation, According to the Most Esteemed Ancient and Modern Writers. W. Milner. p. 846.
- ^ Ahmed, Akbar S. (2013-10-16). Islam in Tribal Societies: From the Atlas to the Indus. Routledge. pp. 127–128. ISBN 978-1-134-56527-6.
- ^ Tindel, Raymond D. "Archaeological Survey of Yemen: The First Season." Current Anthropology 21.1 (1980): 101-102.
- ^ Glen W. Bowersock, The Throne of Adulis: Red Sea Wars on the Eve of Islam (Oxford University Press, 2013), pp. 47, 51–53.
- ^ Henze, Paul B. (2000). Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia. Hurst & Company. p. 29. ISBN 978-1-85065-393-6.
- ^ Kirwan, Laurence (2002). Studies on the History of Late Antique and Christian Nubia. Ashgate Variorum. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-86078-893-5.
- ^ Martin, E.G. (1974). "Mahdism and Holy Wars in Ethiopia Before 1600". Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies. 4. ISSN 0308-8421.
- ^ Mashhūr, ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad (1984). شمس الظهيرة في نسب اهل البيت من بني علوي فروع فاطمة الزهراء وامير المؤمنين علي رضي الله عنه (in Arabic). عالم المعرفة،. p. 112.
- ^ M-Shidad Hussein, S. (2021-04-03). "Ruined towns in Nugaal: a forgotten medieval civilisation in interior Somalia". Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa. 56 (2): 250–271. ISSN 0067-270X.
- ^ Society, Royal Geographical. Supplementary Papers Page. p. 551.
They called the people " Harli," and said they were there prior to the Gallas. The latter had dug the rocky wells at Kirrid which we saw on first entering the country, and had cut a rude Christian cross in the face of the cave—■ the only ancient sign existing of a rude form of Christianity in the land