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{{Short description|Binary star system in the constellation Cepheus}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2019}}
{{Sky|22|27|59.4677|+|57|41|45.150|13.078}}
{{Starbox begin
| name=Krüger 60 A/B
}}
{{Starbox image
| image = [[Image:DOCepLightCurve.png|350px]]
| caption = A [[Photometric_system#Photometric_letters|blue band]] [[light curve]] for a flare on DO Cephei, adapted from  Dal (2020)<ref name="Dal"/>
}}
{{Starbox observe 2s
| epoch=J2000
| equinox=
| constell=[[Cepheus (constellation)|Cepheus]]
| component1=Krüger 60 A
| ra1={{RA|22|27|59.55755}}<ref name="GaiaDR2a"/>
| dec1={{DEC|+57|41|42.0806}}<ref name="GaiaDR2a"/>
| appmag_v1=9.59{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}
| component2=Krüger 60 B
| ra2={{RA|22|27|59.79560}}<ref name="GaiaDR2b"/>
| dec2={{DEC|+57|41|49.7468}}<ref name="GaiaDR2b"/>
| appmag_v2=11.40{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}
}}
{{Starbox character
| class=M3V/M4V<ref name="apj108"/>
| b-v=1.65/1.8{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}
| u-b=1.27/1.3{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}
| variable=None/[[Flare star]]
}}
{{Starbox astrometry
| component1 = Krüger 60 A
| radial_v=–33.1{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}
| prop_mo_ra={{val|-725.227|0.537}}<ref name="GaiaDR2a"/>
| prop_mo_dec={{val|-223.461|0.348}}<ref name="GaiaDR2a"/>
| parallax=249.3926
| p_error=0.1653
| parallax_footnote=<ref name="GaiaDR2a"/>
| absmag_v=11.76
| component2 = Krüger 60 B
| radial_v2=–31.9{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}
| prop_mo_ra2={{val|-934.098|1.319}}<ref name="GaiaDR2b"/>
| prop_mo_dec2={{val|-686.244|1.410}}<ref name="GaiaDR2b"/>
| parallax2=249.9668
| p_error2=0.7414
| parallax_footnote2=<ref name="GaiaDR2b"/>
| absmag_v2=13.46
}}
{{Starbox detail
| component1=Krüger 60 A
| mass=0.271<ref name="aaa364" />
| radius=0.35<ref name="aaa367" />
| luminosity=0.010{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}
| temperature=3,180{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}
| metal=–0.04<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20053046 |last1=Bonfils |first1=Xavier |last2=Delfosse |first2=Xavier|last3=Udry |first3=Stéphane |last4=Santos |first4=Nuno C. |last5=Forveille |first5=Thierry |last6=Ségransan |first6=Damien |title=Metallicity of M dwarfs. I. A photometric calibration and the impact on the mass-luminosity relation at the bottom of the main sequence |year=2005 |journal=[[Astronomy and Astrophysics]] |volume=442 |issue=2 |arxiv=astro-ph/0503260 |bibcode=2005A&A...442..635B |s2cid=13900901 |pages=635–642 |url=http://cdsads.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?2005A%26A...442..635B&db_key=AST&nosetcookie=1 }}
Only listed for component A.</ref>
| rotation=
| age=
| component2=Krüger 60 B
| mass2=0.176<ref name="aaa364" />
| radius2=0.24<ref name="aaa367" />
| luminosity2=0.0034{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}
| temperature2=2,890{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}
}}
{{Starbox orbit
| reference=<ref name="aas65"/>
| primary=Krüger 60 A
| name=Krüger 60 B
| period=44.67
| axis=2.383
| eccentricity=0.410
| inclination=167.2
| node=154.5
| periastron=1970.22
| periarg=
| periarg_primary=211.0
}}
{{Starbox catalog
| names={{odlist | var=DO&nbsp;Cephei | G=232-075 | GJ=860 A/B | BD=+56°&nbsp;2783 | HD=239960 | LHS=3814/3815 | GCTP=5438.00 | ADS=15972 | Vys=207 A/B | HIP=110893 }}<ref name="SIMBAD"/>
}}
{{Starbox reference
|Simbad=HD+239960|sn=The system
|Simbad2=GJ+860+A|sn2=A
|Simbad3=GJ+860+B|sn3=B
}}
{{Starbox image
|image={{Location map|100x100|AlternativeMap=Cepheus_constellation_map.svg
|alt=Krüger 60 is located in the constellation Cepheus.
|caption=Location of Krüger 60 in the constellation [[Cepheus (constellation)|Cepheus]]|border=infobox|mark=Red_pog.png|width=350
|label=Krüger 60
|position=bottom
|lat=11.4
|long=62
}}|caption=
}}
{{Starbox end}}

'''Krüger 60''' (DO Cephei) is a [[binary star]] system located {{convert|13.1|ly|pc|lk=on|abbr=off}} from the [[Sun]]. These [[red dwarf]] stars orbit each other every 44.6 years.

==Description==
The larger, primary star is designated component A, while the secondary, smaller star is labeled component B. Component A has about 27% of the [[solar mass|Sun's mass]] and 35% of the [[solar radius|Sun's radius]]. Component B has about 18% of the Sun's mass and 24% of the Sun's radius.<ref name="aaa364"/><ref name="aaa367"/> Component B is a [[flare star]] and has been given the [[variable star]] designation "DO&nbsp;Cephei".<ref>{{cite journal
  | author=White, Stephen M. |display-authors=etal
   | title=A VLA survey of nearby flare stars
  | journal=Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
  | volume=71 |date=December 1989
  | pages=895–904 | doi=10.1086/191401 | bibcode=1989ApJS...71..895W}}</ref> It is an irregular flare that typically doubles in brightness and then returns to normal over an 8-minute period.{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}

On average, the two stars are separated by 9.5 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]s, which is roughly the average distance of [[Saturn]] from the [[Sun]].  However, their eccentric mutual orbit causes their distance to vary between 5.5 AUs at [[periastron]], to 13.5 at [[apastron]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}

This system is orbiting through the Milky Way at a distance from the core that varies from 7–9 kpc with an orbital eccentricity of 0.126–0.130.<ref>{{cite journal
 | last1=Allen | first1=C. |author1-link=Christine Allen (astronomer)| last2=Herrera | first2=M. A.
 | title=The galactic orbits of nearby UV Ceti stars | journal=Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica | date=1998 | volume=34 | pages=37–46 | bibcode=1998larm.confE.115A }}</ref> The closest approach to the Sun will occur in about 88,600 years when this system will come within 1.95 parsecs.<ref>{{cite journal
  | last=García-Sánchez |first=J. |display-authors=etal  |date=November 2001
  | title=Stellar encounters with the solar system
  | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics
  | volume=379
  | issue=2 | pages=634–659
  | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20011330 | bibcode=2001A&A...379..634G| doi-access=free}}</ref>

Considering the orbit of the members of Krüger 60, detecting an exoplanet through radial velocity could prove difficult, as its orbit would be inclined only 13 degrees from our point of view, and create 1/5th as strong a radial velocity signal as an exoplanet orbiting edge-on from the point of view of the Solar System.

==Origin of 2I/Borisov ==

Krüger 60 was proposed as the origin of interstellar comet  [[2I/Borisov]] (formerly named C/2019 Q4 (Borisov)) in a [[preprint]] submitted to [[arXiv]] by Dybczyński, Królikowska, and Wysoczańska.<ref name=Arxiv-1909.10952/> These authors had from other work a list of stars and stellar systems that can potentially act as perturbers of the Oort cloud comets, and searched it for a past close proximity of 2I/Borisov at a very small relative velocity.  While hampered by uncertainty about the orbit of 2I/Borisov and particularly its non-gravitational acceleration (due to cometary outgassing), they initially reached a conclusion that 1 Myr ago 2I/Borisov passed Krüger 60 at a small distance of 1.74 pc while having an extremely small relative velocity of 3.43&nbsp;km/s. Perturbations of 2I/Borisov's incoming orbit altered the intersection distance with relatively small changes in the relative velocity. However, further study by the same authors presented in the revised version of the preprint instead ruled out the possibility of Krüger 60 as a home system for 2I/Borisov.<ref name=Arxiv-1909.10952/>

==See also==
*[[List of nearest stars and brown dwarfs]]

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=35em|refs=

<ref name="GaiaDR2a">{{Cite Gaia DR2|2007876324466455424}}</ref>
<ref name="GaiaDR2b">{{Cite Gaia DR2|2007876324472098432}}</ref>

<ref name="SIMBAD">{{cite web
 | title=NSV 14168 – Variable Star
 | work=SIMBAD | publisher=[[Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg]] | url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=NSV+14168 | access-date=2009-09-28 }}</ref>

<ref name="apj108">{{cite journal
  | author=Henry, Todd J. |display-authors=etal
   | title=The solar neighborhood, 1: Standard spectral types (K5-M8) for northern dwarfs within eight parsecs |date=October 1994
  | journal=[[The Astronomical Journal]] | volume=108
  | issue=4 | pages=1437–1444
  | doi=10.1086/117167 | bibcode=1994AJ....108.1437H| doi-access=free}}</ref>

<ref name="aas65">{{cite journal
  | last=Heintz | first=W. D.
  | title=Orbits of 20 visual binaries
  | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series | volume=65 | issue=2 |date=August 1986 | pages=411–417
  | bibcode=1986A&AS...65..411H}}</ref>

<ref name="aaa364">{{citation |bibcode=2000A&A...364..217D |display-authors=1 |last1=Delfosse |first1=Xavier |last2=Forveille |first2=Thierry |last3=Ségransan |first3=Damien |last4=Beuzit |first4=Jean-Luc |last5=Udry |first5=Stéphane |last6=Perrier |first6=Christian |last7=Mayor |first7=Michel |title=Accurate masses of very low mass stars. IV. Improved mass-luminosity relations |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume=364 |pages=217–224 |date=December 2000 |arxiv = astro-ph/0010586 }}</ref>

<ref name="aaa367">{{cite journal
  | author=Pasinetti Fracassini, L. E.
  | display-authors=etal | title=Catalogue of Apparent Diameters and Absolute Radii of Stars (CADARS) - Third edition - Comments and statistics
  | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=367
  | issue=2
  | pages=521–524 |date=February 2001
  | doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20000451 | bibcode=2001A&A...367..521P|arxiv = astro-ph/0012289 | s2cid=425754 }} The data is from the [http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/VizieR-2?-source=II/224 Vizier II/224] catalogue.</ref>

<ref name=Arxiv-1909.10952>{{cite arXiv |last1=Dybczyński |first1=Piotr A. |last2=Królikowska |first2=Małgorzata |last3=Wysoczańska |first3=Rita |eprint=1909.10952 |title=Kruger 60 as a home system for 2I/Borisov -- a case study |class=astro-ph.EP |date=24 September 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="Dal">{{cite journal |last1=Dal |first1=H. A. |title=The flare cumulative frequencies of UV Ceti stars from different spectral types |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |date=July 2020 |volume=495 |issue=4 |pages=4529–4541 |doi=10.1093/mnras/staa1484 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2020MNRAS.495.4529D }}</ref>

}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|author=James B. Kaler|title=Extreme Stars: At the Edge of Creation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3kcjvYLh8xIC|date=22 March 2001|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-40262-0|page=31}}

==External links==
*[http://www.perseus.gr/Astro-Star-Dwarf-Krueger-60.htm Hires LRGB CCD Image]

{{nearest systems|3}}
{{Stars of Cepheus}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Krüger 60}}
[[Category:Cepheus (constellation)]]
[[Category:Local Bubble]]
[[Category:M-type main-sequence stars]]
[[Category:Flare stars]]
[[Category:Binary stars]]
[[Category:Henry Draper Catalogue objects|239960]]
[[Category:Hipparcos objects|110893]]
[[Category:Gliese and GJ objects|0860]]
[[Category:Durchmusterung objects|BD+56 2783]]
[[Category:Objects with variable star designations|Cephei, DO]]

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