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{{short description|Indonesian traditional musical instrument}}
{{about|the Minahasan wooden musical instrument of Kolintang|the musical instrument that composed on a row of small and horizontally laid gongs of Southeast Asia|Kulintang}}
{{Infobox Instrument
|name=''Kolintang''
|names=
|image= Kolintang Ensemble.jpg
|image_size            = 260px
|caption= A kolintang ensemble, a traditional musical instrument from the Minahasa region of [[North Sulawesi]], [[Indonesia]].
|developed= [[Indonesia]] ([[North Sulawesi]])
|classification= [[Percussion instrument]]
|range= Diatonics scales
|related=
|musicians=
|articles=
}}
{{Music of Indonesia}}
'''Kolintang''' is a traditional [[Minahasan people|Minahasan]] [[percussion instrument]] from [[North Sulawesi]], [[Indonesia]], consisting of wooden blades arranged in a row and mounted on a wooden tub.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kolintang|url=https://kbbi.web.id/kolintang|access-date=16 July 2021|work=Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI)}}</ref> Kolintang is usually played in ensemble music. Kolintang in the [[Minahasan people|Minahasan]] community is used to accompany traditional ceremonies, dance, singing, and music. The wood used to make Kolintang blades is light but strong local wood such as [[Alstonia spatulata|Telur wood]], [[Octomeles|Wenuang wood]], [[Elmerrillia|Cempaka wood]], [[Hibiscus tiliaceus|Waru wood]], and the like which have a fiber construction. parallel. Meanwhile, kolintang resonator crates are usually made of hardwood materials such as [[teak]] or [[Swietenia mahagoni|mahogany]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kolintang, Indahnya Nada dari Minahasa|url=https://indonesiakaya.com/pustaka-indonesia/kolintang/|access-date=16 July 2021|work=Indonesia Kaya}}</ref>

In 2013, the kolintang musical instrument from the [[Minahasan people|Minahasan]], [[North Sulawesi]] was recognized as [[National Intangible Cultural Heritage of Indonesia]] by the [[Ministry of Education and Culture (Indonesia)|Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Warisan Budaya Takbenda, Penetapan|url=https://warisanbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id/?newdetail&detailTetap=45|access-date=16 July 2021|work=Cultural Heritage, Ministry of Education and Culture of Indonesia}}</ref>

==Etymology==
The word "'''kolintang'''" comes from the [[Minahasan people|Minahasan]] language. The word comes from the sound "'''tong'''" for low notes, "'''ting'''" for high notes, and "'''tang'''" for middle notes. In the past, the [[Minahasa people]] used to invite people to play the instrument by saying "Let's play '''tong-ting-tang'''" or in the [[Minahasan people|Minahasan]] local language "'''[https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/maimo-kumolintang-universal-harmony-petrus-kaseke/1142773111 Maimo Kumolintang]'''". Because of that habit emerged the term "kolintang".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Warisan Budaya Takbenda, Penetapan|url=https://warisanbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id/?newdetail&detailTetap=45|access-date=16 July 2021|work=Cultural Heritage, Ministry of Education and Culture of Indonesia}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Alunan Kollintang.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Kolintang ensemble performance.]]

===Mythology===
There is a [[Minahasan people|Minahasan]] folklore about the origin of the discovery of the kolintang musical instrument. In a village in Minahasa region, there is a girl who is very beautiful and good at singing named Lintang. One day Lintang was proposed by Makasiga a young man and woodcarver. Lintang accepted Makasiga's proposal on one condition that Makasiga had to find a musical instrument that sounded more melodious than a gold flute. Makasiga with wood carving skills managed to find the musical instrument that is the forerunner of kolintang.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kolintang, Alat Musik Unik dari Minahasa di Sulawesi Utara|url=https://travel.detik.com/domestic-destination/d-5481626/kolintang-alat-musik-unik-dari-minahasa-di-sulawesi-utara|access-date=16 July 2021|work=travel.detik.com}}</ref>

===Origins===
Initially, the kolintang musical instrument consisted of few pieces of wood placed in a row on top of the players' legs, who were sitting on the ground with both legs straight in front of them. From time to time, the use of player's feet is replaced with two banana sticks. The use of resonator boxes began to be used since the arrival of Prince Diponegoro and his followers who brought gamelan to Minahasa to undergo exile in 1830. The use of kolintang musical instruments is related to traditional beliefs of the Minahasa people, such as in ceremonies for worshiping ancestral spirits.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kolintang : Kesenian Tradisional Kebudayaan Sulawesi Utara|url=https://lpmpsulawesiutara.kemdikbud.go.id/kolintang-kesenian-tradisional-kebudayaan-sulawesi-utara/|access-date=17 July 2021|work=kemdikbud.go.id|date=April 2020|archive-date=18 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718061550/https://lpmpsulawesiutara.kemdikbud.go.id/kolintang-kesenian-tradisional-kebudayaan-sulawesi-utara/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Along with the arrival of Christianity to the Minahasa land, rituals of worship of animism and dynamism began to be abandoned. Kolintang reappeared by a blind man named Nelwan Katuuk who composed kolintang notes according to diatonic scales and was introduced again in 1940. Kolintang only consists of one melody consisting of diatonic tones, with a distance of two octaves. As an accompaniment, stringed musical instruments such as guitar, ukulele, and bass are used.

===Development===
Kolintang develops continuously. In 1954, kolintang already has a pitch of [[Petrus Kaseke#Manufacturing career|two and a half octaves]] and still has a diatonic tone composition.
In 1960, it grew again until it reached three and a half octaves with notes of 1 sharp, naturel, and 1 mole. The basic tone is still limited to three keys (naturel, 1 mole, and 1 crus), the pitch has expanded to four and a half octaves from F to C. The development of the kolintang musical instrument is still ongoing, both in terms of the quality of the instrument, the expansion of the pitch range, and the shape of the resonator box.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kolintang Dari Musik Ritual Hingga Panggung Festival|url=https://baktinews.bakti.or.id/artikel/kolintang-dari-musik-ritual-hingga-panggung-festival|access-date=17 July 2021|work=bakti.or.id}}</ref>

==Instruments==
[[File:Kolintang set.JPG|thumb|right|300px|Various kolintang instruments in an ensemble.]] 
As a musical instrument, kolintang is developed. At first only melodic kolintang instruments. Currently complete kolintang has up to ten instruments:
*melody 1 (''ina esa'') 
*melody 2 (''ina rua'') 
*melody 3 (''ina taweng'')
*cello (''cella'')
*bass (''loway'')
*tenor 1 (''karua'')
*tenor 2 (''karua rua'')
*alto 1 (''uner'')
*alto 2 (''uner rua'')
*alto 3 (''katelu'').

==Notations==
The notations system used on the kolintang musical instrument is the diatonic scale. The diatonic scale is a scale consisting of 7 notes, the notes are Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Si, which have a distance of one and a half notes. This scale is divided into two groups, namely the major diatonic and minor diatonic scales. As for the kolintang musical instrument, the chord arrangement is the same as the chord system used on piano and guitar.

==Association==
National Kolintang Association of Indonesia (''Persatuan Insan Kolintang Nasional (PINKAN) Indonesia'') is a kulintang association in Indonesia that encourages the improvement of the quality of Kolintang Musical Ensemble artworks in line with the increasing public appreciation of the Kolintang art. PINKAN Indonesia organizes events both independently and in collaboration with the 4 main pillars, they are coaches, craftsmen, players, and kolintang conservationists.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Persatuan Insan Kolintang Nasional (PINKAN) Indonesia|url=https://pinkanindonesia.org/grand-strategi/|access-date=17 July 2021|work=pinkanindonesia.org}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery widths="300px" heights="200px" perrow="5" caption="">
File:Playing kolintang.JPG|Playing Kolintang in [[North Sulawesi]], [[Indonesia]].
File:Kolintang Bapontar Perdana..JPG|Kolintang ensemble 
File:Konser KII GKJ.JPG|Kolintang performance in Gedung kesenian Jakarta, [[Indonesia]].
</gallery>

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
===Website===
*[https://warisanbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id/?newdetail&detailTetap=45 Kolintang - Indonesian intangible cultural heritage] by Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture.
*[https://indonesiakaya.com/pustaka-indonesia/kolintang/ Kolintang - A traditional musical instrument of Minahasan people] by Galeri Indonesia Kaya.
*[https://pinkanindonesia.org/profile/ National Kolintang Association] by Persatuan Insan Kolintang Nasional (PINKAN) Indonesia.
*[https://kolintang.co.id Kolintang- Traditional musical instrument craftsman] by Kolintang Petrus Kaseke

===Youtube===
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxpqWett7WY Kolintang - Introduction] by The International Information and Networking Centre for Intangible Cultural Heritage in the Asia-Pacific Region under the auspices of UNESCO (ICHCAP).
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qEERrx3-9Es Kolintang - Performance] by Kolintang Nyong Noni Sulut.
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=89HcqiJ2Z9s Kolintang - The Sound of Harmony] by Sanggar Bapontar dan Galeri Indonesia Kaya.
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EPEUb9W7i0I Kolintang and Angklung - Rayuan Pulau Kelapa song] by Kolintang KEYTUJI and Angklung Cantare.

{{Indonesian musical instruments}}
{{Indonesia topics}}

[[Category:Indonesian musical instruments]]
[[Category:Asian percussion instruments]]

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Economy of Indonesia (edit)
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