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{{Short description|Tewa Pueblo group in Hopi Reservation in Arizona}}
{{redirect|Tamos|the ancient Egyptian|Tamos (Egyptian admiral)}}

{{No footnotes|date=September 2021}}
The '''Hopi-Tewa''' (also '''Tano''', '''Southern Tewa''', '''Hano''', '''Thano''', or '''Arizona Tewa''') are a [[Tewa people|Tewa]] [[Pueblo people|Pueblo]] group that resides on the eastern part of the [[Hopi Reservation]] on or near [[First Mesa]] in northeastern [[Arizona]].

==Synonymy==

The name ''Tano'' is a Spanish borrowing of an older Hopi-Tewa [[endonym|autonym]] ''tʰáánu tééwa''. ''Tano'' is often encountered in the anthropological literature referring to the ancestors of the Arizona Tewa before they relocated to Hopi territory. The name ''Hano'', similarly, is a borrowing of ''tʰáánu'' into [[Hopi language|Hopi]] as ''hááno'', ''háánòwɨ'', which was then [[Anglicized]]. ''Hano'' in English also refers to [[Tewa Village]], one of the main Arizona Tewa settlements. Other historical names include ''Tamos'', ''Tamones'', ''Atmues'', ''Tanos'', ''Thanos'', ''Tagnos'', ''Janos''. ''Tewa'' is the preferred autonym (over ''Hano'', ''Tano'', and ''Hopi-Tewa'') because the Tewa language refers to its people as "Tewas."

==History==
The Hopi-Tewa are related to the Tewa communities living in the [[Albuquerque Basin|Rio Grande Valley]], such as [[Santa Clara Pueblo, New Mexico|Santa Clara Pueblo]] and [[Ohkay Owingeh]].

The long contact with Hopi peoples has led to similarities in social structure with their [[kinship]] system and their organization to [[clan]]s being almost identical with the Hopi (the other [[Tanoan]] Pueblo groups do not have clans). However, the Tewa dual [[Kinship#Lineages, clans, phratries, moieties, and matrimonial sides|moiety]] has been preserved.

==Language==

Many Hopi-Tewa are trilingual in [[Tewa language|Tewa]], [[Hopi language|Hopi]], and [[English language|English]]. Some speakers also speak [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and/or [[Navajo language|Navajo]]. Hopi-Tewa is a [[variety (linguistics)|variety]] of the [[Tewa language]] of [[Tanoan]] family and has been influenced by Hopi (which is an unrelated [[Uto-Aztecan]] language). Arizona Tewa and the forms of Rio Grande Tewa in New Mexico are [[mutually intelligible]] with difficulty.

What is remarkable about this speech community is that the influence of the Hopi language on Hopi-Tewa is extremely small in terms of [[lexicon|vocabulary]]. Arizona Tewa speakers, although they are trilingual, maintain a strict separation of the languages (see also [[Code-switching#Hopi and Tewa|Code-switching: Example]]). These attitudes of [[linguistic purism]] may be compared with other Tewa speech communities in New Mexico where there has been very little borrowing from [[Spanish language|Spanish]] even though the Tewa and Spanish have had long periods of contact and the Tewa were also bilingual in Tewa and Spanish.

Traditionally, the Hopi-Tewa were translators for Hopi leaders and thus also had command of Spanish and [[Navajo language|Navajo]]. This contrasts with the Hopi who generally can not speak Tewa (although they may have limited proficiency in Navajo).

==Notable people==
* [[Nakotah LaRance]], hoop dancer
* [[Nampeyo]], potter
* [[Fannie Nampeyo]], potter, daughter of Nampeyo
* [[Elva Nampeyo]], potter, granddaughter of Nampeyo
* [[Priscilla Namingha|Priscilla Namingha Nampeyo]], potter, great-granddaughter of Nampeyo
* [[Joy Navasie]], second Frog Woman, potter
* [[Dextra Quotskuyva]], potter, great-granddaughter of Nampeyo
* [[Neil David Sr]], artist; katsina figure carver

==See also==
* [[Hopi]]
* [[Hopi Reservation]]
* [[Pueblo people]]
* [[Pueblo Revolt]]
* [[Tewa language]]

==Bibliography==
* {{cite journal | last1 = Dozier | first1 = Edward P. | author-link = Edward Dozier | year = 1951 | title = Resistance to acculturation and assimilation in an Indian pueblo | doi = 10.1525/aa.1951.53.1.02a00060 | journal = American Anthropologist | volume = 53 | issue = 1| pages = 56–66 | doi-access =  }}
* Dozier, Edward P. (1954). ''The Hopi-Tewa of Arizona''. Berkeley: University of California.
* {{cite journal | last1 = Dozier | first1 = Edward P. | year = 1956a | title = Two examples of linguistic acculturation: The Yaqui of Sonora and Arizona and the Tewa of New Mexico | journal = Language | volume = 32 | issue = 1| pages = 146–157 | doi=10.2307/410663| jstor = 410663 }}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Dozier | first1 = Edward P. | year = 1956b | title = The role of the Hopi-Tewa migration legend in reinforcing cultural patterns and prescribing social behavior | journal = The Journal of American Folklore | volume = 69 | issue = 272| pages = 176–180 | doi = 10.2307/537276 | jstor = 537276 }}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Dozier | first1 = Edward P. | year = 1960 | title = The pueblos of the south-western United States | journal = The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland | volume = 90 | issue = 1| pages = 146–160 | doi = 10.2307/2844222 | jstor = 2844222 }}
* Dozier, Edward P. (1966). Hano: A Tewa Indian Community in Arizona. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.
* Kroskrity, Paul V. (2000). Language ideologies in the expression and representation of Arizona Tewa identity. In P. V. Kroskrity (Ed.), ''Regimes of language: Ideologies, polities, and identities'' (pp.&nbsp;329–359). Santa Fe: School of American Research Press.
* Stanislawski, Michael B. (1979). Hopi-Tewa. In A. Ortiz (Ed.), ''Southwest'' (pp.&nbsp;587–602). W. C. Sturtevant (Ed.), Handbook of North American Indians (Vol. 9). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

==External links==
* Encyclopedia of North American Indians: [http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/naind/html/na_031600_pueblolangua.htm Pueblo Languages]
* Encyclopedia of North American Indians: [http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/naind/html/na_031500_puebloriogra.htm Pueblo, Rio Grande]

{{Indigenous People of AZ}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Hopi-Tewa| ]]
[[Category:Native American tribes in Arizona]]
[[Category:Native American history of Arizona]]
[[Category:Hopi Reservation|Tewa]]
[[Category:Pueblo history]]
[[Category:Colonial New Mexico]]
[[Category:1680s in New Spain]]
[[Category:17th century in New Mexico]]

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