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{{Short description|Family of woody plants}}
{{automatic taxobox
{{Automatic taxobox
|fossil_range = {{fossil range|Santonian|Recent|earliest=Albian|ref=<ref name=APWeb/>|PS=<small>(Possible Albian representative)</small>}}
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Santonian|Recent|earliest=Cenomanian|ref=<ref name=APWeb/>|PS=<small>(Possible Cenomanian representative)</small>}}
|image = Eucryphia.jpg
|image_caption = ''Eucryphia'' in flower
| image = Eucryphia.jpg
| image_caption = ''Eucryphia'' in flower
|taxon = Cunoniaceae
| taxon = Cunoniaceae
|authority = [[Robert Brown (Scottish botanist from Montrose)|R.Br.]]<ref name=APGIII2009/>
| authority = [[Robert Brown (Scottish botanist from Montrose)|R.Br.]]<ref name=APGIII2009/>
|synonyms =
| synonyms = * Baueraceae
* Baueraceae
* Davidsoniaceae
* Davidsoniaceae
* Eucryphiaceae
* Eucryphiaceae
|subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
|subdivision = ''[[Ackama]]''<br />
| subdivision = ''[[Ackama]]''<br />
''[[Acrophyllum (plant)|Acrophyllum]]''<br />
''[[Acrophyllum (plant)|Acrophyllum]]''<br />
''[[Aistopetalum]]''<br />
''[[Aistopetalum]]''<br />
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''[[Karrabina]]''<br />
''[[Karrabina]]''<br />
''[[Lamanonia]]''<br />
''[[Lamanonia]]''<br />
''[[Opocunonia nymanii|Opocunonia]]''<br />
''[[Opocunonia]]''<br />
''[[Pancheria]]''<br />
''[[Pancheria]]''<br />
''†[[Platydiscus]]<br />
†''[[Platydiscus]]''<br />
''[[Platylophus (plant)|Platylophus]]''<br />
''[[Platylophus (plant)|Platylophus]]''<br />
''[[Pseudoweinmannia]]''<br />
''[[Pseudoweinmannia]]''<br />
''[[Pterophylla (plant)|Pterophylla]]''<br />
''[[Pullea (plant)|Pullea]]''<br />
''[[Pullea (plant)|Pullea]]''<br />
''[[Schizomeria]]''<br />
''[[Schizomeria]]''<br />
''[[Spiraeanthemum]]''<br />
''[[Spiraeanthemum]]''<br />
''[[Spiraeopsis]]''<br />
†''[[Tropidogyne]]''?<br />
''†[[Tropidogyne]]?<br />
''[[Vesselowskya]]''<br />
''[[Vesselowskya]]''<br />
''[[Weinmannia]]''
''[[Weinmannia]]''
}}
}}


'''Cunoniaceae''' is a family of 27 [[Genus|genera]] and about 300 [[species]]<ref name="Bradford 2004"/> of [[woody plant]]s in the order [[Oxalidales]], mostly found in the tropical and wet temperate regions of the Southern Hemisphere.
'''Cunoniaceae''' is a family of 27 [[Genus|genera]] and about 335 [[species]]<ref name="Bradford 2004"/> of [[woody plant]]s in the order [[Oxalidales]], mostly found in the tropical and wet temperate regions of the Southern Hemisphere.
The greatest diversity of genera are in [[Australia]] and [[Tasmania]] (15 genera), [[New Guinea]] (9 genera), and [[New Caledonia]] (7 genera). The family is also present in [[Central America]], [[South America]], the Caribbean, Malesia, the island of the South Pacific, [[Madagascar]] and surrounding islands. the family is absent from mainland Asia except from Peninsular Malaysia, and almost absent from mainland Africa apart from two species from Southern Africa (''[[Cunonia capensis]]'', ''[[Platylophus trifoliatus]]''). Several of the genera have remarkable disjunct ranges, found on more than one continent, e.g. ''[[Cunonia]]'' (Southern Africa & New Caledonia), ''[[Eucryphia]]'' (Australia & South America) ''[[Weinmannia]]'' sect. ''Weinmannia'' (America and the Mascarenes).
The greatest diversity of genera are in [[Australia]] and [[Tasmania]] (15 genera), [[New Guinea]] (9 genera), and [[New Caledonia]] (7 genera). The family is also present in [[Central America]], [[South America]], the Caribbean, Malesia, the islands of the South Pacific, [[Madagascar]] and surrounding islands. The family is absent from mainland Asia except from Peninsular Malaysia, and almost absent from mainland Africa apart from two species from Southern Africa (''[[Cunonia capensis]]'', ''[[Platylophus trifoliatus]]''). Several of the genera have remarkable disjunct ranges, found on more than one continent, e.g. ''[[Cunonia]]'' (Southern Africa & New Caledonia), ''[[Eucryphia]]'' (Australia & South America) ''[[Weinmannia]]'' (America and the Mascarenes).


The family includes [[tree]]s and [[shrub]]s; most are [[evergreen]] but a few are [[deciduous]]. The [[leaf|leaves]] are opposite or whorled (alternate in ''[[Davidsonia]]''), and simple or compound (pinnate or palmate), with entire or toothed margin, and often with conspicuous [[stipule]]s (interpetiolar or intrapetiolar). The [[flower]]s have four or five (rarely three or up to ten) [[sepal]]s and [[petal]]s. The [[fruit]] is usually a woody capsule or a follicle containing several small [[seed]]s.
The family includes [[tree]]s and [[shrub]]s; most are [[evergreen]] but a few are [[deciduous]]. The [[leaf|leaves]] are opposite or whorled (alternate in ''[[Davidsonia]]''), and simple or compound (pinnate or palmate), with entire or toothed margin, and often with conspicuous [[stipule]]s (interpetiolar or intrapetiolar). The [[flower]]s have four or five (rarely three or up to ten) [[sepal]]s and [[petal]]s. The [[fruit]] is usually a woody capsule or a follicle containing several small [[seed]]s.


The family has a rich fossil record in Australia<ref name="Barnes 2001"/> and fossil representatives are known in the Northern Hemisphere. ''[[Platydiscus|Platydiscus peltatus]]'' was found in [[Upper Cretaceous]] rocks from Sweden and is likely a member of the Cunoniaceae.<ref name="Schönenberger 2001"/> An earlier possible fossil member is from the [[Albian]]. ''[[Tropidogyne]]'', found in Indochinese [[amber]], has flowers that strongly resemble the extant ''[[Ceratopetalum]]''.<ref name="Chambers 2010"/>
The family has a rich fossil record in Australia<ref name="Barnes 2001"/> and fossil representatives are known in the Northern Hemisphere. ''[[Platydiscus|Platydiscus peltatus]]'' was found in [[Upper Cretaceous]] rocks from Sweden and is likely a member of the Cunoniaceae.<ref name="Schönenberger 2001"/> An earlier possible fossil member is from the [[Cenomanian]]. ''[[Tropidogyne]]'', found in [[Burmese amber]], has flowers that strongly resemble the extant ''[[Ceratopetalum]]''.<ref name="Chambers 2010"/>


==Taxonomy==
==Classification<ref name="Bradford 2001"/><ref name="Bradford 2004"/>==
The genera of the family have been divided into tribes.<ref name="Bradford 2001"/><ref name="Bradford 2004"/>
<div float="left">
<div float="left">
{{col-begin|width=70%}}
{{col-begin|width=70%}}
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* ''[[Ackama]]'' {{Au|A. Cunn.}}
* ''[[Ackama]]'' {{Au|A. Cunn.}}
* ''[[Caldcluvia]]'' {{Au|D. Don}}
* ''[[Caldcluvia]]'' {{Au|D. Don}}
* ''[[Opocunonia nymanii|Opocunonia]]'' {{Au|Schltr.}}
* ''[[Opocunonia]]'' {{Au|Schltr.}}
* ''[[Spiraeopsis]]'' {{Au|Miq.}}


'''Tribe Codieae'''
'''Tribe Codieae'''
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* ''[[Cunonia]]'' {{Au|L.}}
* ''[[Cunonia]]'' {{Au|L.}}
* ''[[Pancheria]]'' {{Au|Brongn. & Gris}}
* ''[[Pancheria]]'' {{Au|Brongn. & Gris}}
* ''[[Pterophylla (plant)|Pterophylla]]'' {{Au|D. Don}}
* ''[[Vesselowskya]]'' {{Au|Pamp.}}
* ''[[Vesselowskya]]'' {{Au|Pamp.}}
* ''[[Weinmannia]]'' {{Au|L.}}
* ''[[Weinmannia]]'' {{Au|L.}}
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* ''[[Hooglandia]]'' {{Au|McPherson & Lowry}}
* ''[[Hooglandia]]'' {{Au|McPherson & Lowry}}
* ''[[Gillbeea]]'' {{Au|F. Muell.}}
* ''[[Gillbeea]]'' {{Au|F. Muell.}}

{{col-end}}
{{col-end}}
</div>
</div>


==References==
==References==
{{Commonscat|Cunoniaceae}}
{{Commons category|Cunoniaceae}}
{{Wikispecies}}
{{Wikispecies}}
{{Reflist|refs=
{{Reflist|28em|refs=


<ref name=APGIII2009>
<ref name=APGIII2009>
{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x/pdf | format= PDF |accessdate=2013-07-06 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x }}
{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |doi-access=free |hdl=10654/18083 |hdl-access=free }}
</ref>
</ref>


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</ref>
</ref>


<ref name="Barnes 2001">{{cite journal |last1=Barnes |first1=Richard W. |last2=Hill |first2=Robert S. |last3=Bradford |first3=Jason C. |title=The history of Cunoniaceae in Australia from macrofossil evidence |journal=Australian Journal of Botany |date=2001 |volume=49 |issue=3 |pages=301–320 |doi=10.1071/BT00036}}</ref>
<ref name="Barnes 2001">
Barnes, R.W., Hill, R.S., & Bradford, J. C. (2001) The history of Cunoniaceae in Australia from macrofossil evidence. Australian Journal of Botany 49 : 301‑20.
</ref>


⚫
<ref name="Bradford 2004">{{cite book |last1=Bradford |first1=J.C. |last2=Hopkins |first2=H.CF. |last3=Barnes |first3=R.W |editor1-last=Kubitzki |editor1-first=Klaus |title=The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants: Volume VI, Flowering Plants. Dicotyledons: Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales |date=2013 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |location=Heidelberg |pages=91–111 |isbn=978-3662072578}}</ref>
<ref name="Bradford 2004">
⚫
Bradford, J.C., Hopkins, H.CF., Barnes, R.W . (2004). Cunoniaceae. in Kubitzki, K. (ed.) ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants: Volume VI, Flowering plants, Dicotyledons: Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales.'' Springer, Heidelberg. p 91-111.
</ref>


<ref name="Bradford 2001">{{cite journal |last1=Bradford |first1=Jason C. |last2=Barnes |first2=Richard W. |title=Phylogenetics and classification of Cunoniaceae (Oxalidales) using chloroplast DNA sequences and morphology |journal=Systematic Botany |date=2001 |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=354–385 |doi=10.1043/0363-6445-26.2.354 |publisher=American Society of Plant Taxonomists|doi-broken-date=1 November 2024 |jstor=2666712 |s2cid=86030653 |url=https://bioone.org/journals/systematic-botany/volume-26/issue-2/0363-6445-26.2.354/Phylogenetics-and-Classification-of-Cunoniaceae-Oxalidales-Using-Chloroplast-DNA-Sequences/10.1043/0363-6445-26.2.354.short |doi-access=free }}</ref>
<ref name="Bradford 2001">
Bradford, J.C. & Barnes, R.W. (2001). Phylogenetics and classification of Cunoniaceae (Oxalidales) using chloroplast DNA sequences and morphology. Systematic Botany 26 (2): 354‑85.
</ref>


<ref name="Chambers 2010">{{cite journal |last1=Chambers |first1=Kenton L. |last2=Poinar |first2=George |last3=Buckley |first3=Ron |title=''Tropidogyne'', a new genus of early Cretaceous Eudicots (Angiospermae) from Burmese amber |journal=Novon |date=2010 |volume=20 |pages=23–29 |doi=10.3417/2008039|s2cid=86227328 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/121972 }}</ref>
<ref name="Chambers 2010">
Chambers, K.L., Poinar, G., et Buckley, R. (2010). Tropidogyne a new genus of early Cretaceous Eudicots (Angiospermae) from Burmese amber. Novon 20 : 23‑29.
</ref>


<ref name="Schönenberger 2001">{{cite journal |last1=Schönenberger |first1=Jurg |last2=Friis |first2=Else Marie |last3=Matthews |first3=Merran L. |last4=Endress |first4=Peter K. |title=Cunoniaceae in the Cretaceous of Europe: evidence from fossil flowers |journal=Annals of Botany |date=2001 |volume=88 |issue=3 |pages=423–437 |doi=10.1006/anbo.2001.1488}}</ref>
<ref name="Schönenberger 2001">
Schönenberger, J., Friis, E.M., Matthews, M.L., et Endress, P.K. (2001). Cunoniaceae in the Cretaceous of Europe: evidence from fossil flowers. Annals of Botany 88 : 423‑37.
</ref>


}}
}}


{{Angiosperm families}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q131764}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q131764}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Cunoniaceae| ]]
[[Category:Cunoniaceae| ]]
[[Category:Rosid families]]
[[Category:Rosid families]]
[[Category:Santonian first appearances]]
[[Category:Santonian first appearances]]
[[Category:Extant Late Cretaceous first appearances]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)]]
[[Category:Extant Santonian first appearances]]

Latest revision as of 05:48, 2 November 2024

Cunoniaceae
Temporal range: Santonian–Recent[1] (Possible Cenomanian representative)
Eucryphia in flower
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Oxalidales
Family: Cunoniaceae
R.Br.[2]
Genera

Ackama
Acrophyllum
Aistopetalum
Anodopetalum
Bauera
Caldcluvia
Callicoma
Ceratopetalum
Codia
Cunonia
Davidsonia
Eucryphia
Geissois
Gillbeea
Hooglandia
Karrabina
Lamanonia
Opocunonia
Pancheria
†Platydiscus
Platylophus
Pseudoweinmannia
Pterophylla
Pullea
Schizomeria
Spiraeanthemum
†Tropidogyne?
Vesselowskya
Weinmannia

Synonyms
  • Baueraceae
  • Davidsoniaceae
  • Eucryphiaceae

Cunoniaceae is a family of 27 genera and about 335 species[3] of woody plants in the order Oxalidales, mostly found in the tropical and wet temperate regions of the Southern Hemisphere. The greatest diversity of genera are in Australia and Tasmania (15 genera), New Guinea (9 genera), and New Caledonia (7 genera). The family is also present in Central America, South America, the Caribbean, Malesia, the islands of the South Pacific, Madagascar and surrounding islands. The family is absent from mainland Asia except from Peninsular Malaysia, and almost absent from mainland Africa apart from two species from Southern Africa (Cunonia capensis, Platylophus trifoliatus). Several of the genera have remarkable disjunct ranges, found on more than one continent, e.g. Cunonia (Southern Africa & New Caledonia), Eucryphia (Australia & South America) Weinmannia (America and the Mascarenes).

The family includes trees and shrubs; most are evergreen but a few are deciduous. The leaves are opposite or whorled (alternate in Davidsonia), and simple or compound (pinnate or palmate), with entire or toothed margin, and often with conspicuous stipules (interpetiolar or intrapetiolar). The flowers have four or five (rarely three or up to ten) sepals and petals. The fruit is usually a woody capsule or a follicle containing several small seeds.

The family has a rich fossil record in Australia[4] and fossil representatives are known in the Northern Hemisphere. Platydiscus peltatus was found in Upper Cretaceous rocks from Sweden and is likely a member of the Cunoniaceae.[5] An earlier possible fossil member is from the Cenomanian. Tropidogyne, found in Burmese amber, has flowers that strongly resemble the extant Ceratopetalum.[6]

Taxonomy

[edit]

The genera of the family have been divided into tribes.[7][3]

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cunoniaceae.
Wikispecies has information related to Cunoniaceae.
  1. ^ Peter F. Stevens. "Cunoniaceae". APWeb.
  2. ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. hdl:10654/18083.
  3. ^ a b Bradford, J.C.; Hopkins, H.CF.; Barnes, R.W (2013). Kubitzki, Klaus (ed.). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants: Volume VI, Flowering Plants. Dicotyledons: Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales. Heidelberg: Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 91–111. ISBN 978-3662072578.
  4. ^ Barnes, Richard W.; Hill, Robert S.; Bradford, Jason C. (2001). "The history of Cunoniaceae in Australia from macrofossil evidence". Australian Journal of Botany. 49 (3): 301–320. doi:10.1071/BT00036.
  5. ^ Schönenberger, Jurg; Friis, Else Marie; Matthews, Merran L.; Endress, Peter K. (2001). "Cunoniaceae in the Cretaceous of Europe: evidence from fossil flowers". Annals of Botany. 88 (3): 423–437. doi:10.1006/anbo.2001.1488.
  6. ^ Chambers, Kenton L.; Poinar, George; Buckley, Ron (2010). "Tropidogyne, a new genus of early Cretaceous Eudicots (Angiospermae) from Burmese amber". Novon. 20: 23–29. doi:10.3417/2008039. S2CID 86227328.
  7. ^ Bradford, Jason C.; Barnes, Richard W. (2001). "Phylogenetics and classification of Cunoniaceae (Oxalidales) using chloroplast DNA sequences and morphology". Systematic Botany. 26 (2). American Society of Plant Taxonomists: 354–385. doi:10.1043/0363-6445-26.2.354 (inactive 1 November 2024). JSTOR 2666712. S2CID 86030653.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
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