蜃

See also: 蜄

蜃	U+8703, 蜃 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8703

← 蜂
[U+8702]

CJK Unified Ideographs

蜄 →
[U+8704]

Translingual

Han character

蜃 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一女中一戈 (MVLMI), four-corner 7113₆, composition ⿸辰虫(G) or ⿱辰虫(HTJK))

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1084, character 7
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 33089
Dae Jaweon: page 1552, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2854, character 6
Unihan data for U+8703

Chinese

trad.		蜃
simp. ^#		蜃
alternative forms		蜄𧒏𪓧

Wikipedia has articles on:

蜃 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
Shen (clam-monster) (English)

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (辰) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
辴	tʰɯl, tʰɯnʔ, *tʰɯn
屒	tɯnʔ, djɯn
振	tjɯn, tjɯns
侲	tjɯn, tjɯn
桭	tjɯn, djɯn
唇	tjɯn, ɦljun
帪	*tjɯn
賑	tjɯnʔ, tjɯns
裖	*tjɯnʔ
敐	tjɯnʔ, djɯn
震	*tjɯn
娠	tjɯns, hljɯn
蜃	djɯns, djɯnʔ, *djins
辰	*djɯn
晨	djɯn, ɦljɯn
宸	*djɯn
鷐	*djɯn
麎	*djɯn
祳	*djɯnʔ
脤	*djɯnʔ
鋠	*djɯnʔ
磭	ŋrɯnʔ, ŋ̊ʰjaɡ, *ŋaɡ
陙	*djun
脣	*ɦljun
漘	*ɦljun

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djɯns, *djɯnʔ, *djins) : phonetic 辰 (OC *djɯn) + semantic 虫 (“insect”).

May also be an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) , with 辰 possibly being an agricultural tool made from clam, see there for more.

Etymology

Possibly related to 辰 (OC *djɯn, “5th earthly branch; dragon”) (Schuessler, 2007); see there for more.

Carr (1990) organizes characters in the 辰 phonetic series into two groups, one of which is "dragon", which includes 蜃 as well as 晨 (OC *djɯn, “dragon star”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shèn (shen⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄣˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): san⁵ / san⁶ / san⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sīn / sǐn

(Teochew, Peng'im): sing⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shèn
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shèn
  - Wade–Giles: shên⁴
  - Yale: shèn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenn
  - Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂən⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: san⁵ / san⁶ / san⁴
  - Yale: sáhn / sahn / sàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: san⁵ / san⁶ / san⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: sen⁵ / sen⁶ / sen⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐn¹³/, /sɐn²²/, /sɐn²¹/

Note:

san5 - colloquial;
san6, san4 - variant.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sīn
  - Tâi-lô: sīn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sin
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sin³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sin²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sǐn
  - Tâi-lô: sǐn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sin²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sing⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sîng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: dzyinX, dzyinH

Rime
Character	蜃	蜃
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	常 (25)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	時忍切	時刃切
Baxter	dzyinX	dzyinH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiɪn^X/	/d͡ʑiɪn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑin^X/	/d͡ʑin^H/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjen^X/	/d͡ʑjen^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑin^X/	/d͡ʑin^H/
Li Rong	/ʑiĕn^X/	/ʑiĕn^H/
Wang Li	/ʑĭĕn^X/	/ʑĭĕn^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʑi̯ĕn^X/	/ʑi̯ĕn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shèn	shèn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	san⁶	san⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ərʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*djɯns/, /*djɯnʔ/, /*djins/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	蜃
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shèn
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyin^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]ərʔ/
English	clam, oyster
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	蜃	蜃	蜃
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
No.	1371	1380	1384
Phonetic component	辰	辰	辰
Rime group	文	文	文
Rime subdivision	1	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	愼	腎	愼
Old Chinese	/*djɯns/	/*djɯnʔ/	/*djins/

Definitions

蜃

a type of large shellfish; a type of large bivalve; clam
- 雉入大水為蜃 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  雉入大水为蜃 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  zhì rù dàshuǐ wèi shèn [Pinyin]
  Pheasants enter the great water and become large clams
(mythology) the shen, a shapeshifting aquatic monster originally imagined as a clam and later as a type of dragon
蜃景 ― shènjǐng ― mirage
- 海旁蜃氣象樓臺，廣野氣成宮闕然。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  海旁蜃气象楼台，广野气成宫阙然。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Han, circa 1^st century CE
  Hǎipáng shènqì xiàng lóutái, guǎngyě qì chéng gōngquè rán. [Pinyin]
  By the sea, the clamʼs mist resembles towers; in the wild expanse, mist becomes palaces thus.
- 門前蛟蜃氣，蓑上蕙蘭馨。 [MSC, trad.]
  门前蛟蜃气，蓑上蕙兰馨。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 齊己 (Qí Jǐ) 《湘江漁父》 "The Fisherman on Xiang River", in 《全唐詩》 Quan Tangshi.
  Ménqián jiāoshèn qì, suōshàng huìlán xīn. [Pinyin]
  Before the door, the drakes blow mist; on the coir, the orchids emit fragrance.
(historical) ritual vessel painted with images of clam
(historical) Short for 蜃炭.

Compounds

References

Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03647
“蜃”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

蜃

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

蜃 • (sin) (hangeul 신, revised sin, McCune–Reischauer sin, Yale sin)

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Vietnamese

Han character

蜃: Hán Nôm readings: thận, thẩn, thằn

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