空想
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Chinese
[edit]emptied; leisure; air emptied; leisure; air; sky; empty; in vain |
to think; to believe; to suppose to think; to believe; to suppose; to wish; to want; to miss | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (空想) | 空 | 想 | |
| simp. #(空想) | 空 | 想 | |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): hung1 soeng2
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khong-sióng / khong-siáng / khang-siūⁿ
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄥ ㄒㄧㄤˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: kongsiǎng
- Wade–Giles: kʻung1-hsiang3
- Yale: kūng-syǎng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kongsheang
- Palladius: кунсян (kunsjan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: hung1 soeng2
- Yale: hūng séung
- Cantonese Pinyin: hung1 soeng2
- Guangdong Romanization: hung1 sêng2
- Sinological IPA (key): /hʊŋ⁵⁵ sœːŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khong-sióng
- Tâi-lô: khong-sióng
- Phofsit Daibuun: qongsiorng
- IPA (Xiamen): /kʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² siɔŋ⁵³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔŋ³³ siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
- IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khong-siáng
- Tâi-lô: khong-siáng
- Phofsit Daibuun: qongsiarng
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² siaŋ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khang-siūⁿ
- Tâi-lô: khang-siūnn
- Phofsit Daibuun: qangsviu
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰaŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ siũ³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
- Middle Chinese: khuwng sjangX
Noun
[edit]空想
Synonyms
[edit]Verb
[edit]空想
Synonyms
[edit]Adjective
[edit]空想
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 空 | 想 |
| くう Grade: 1 |
そう Grade: 3 |
| goon | |
Etymology
[edit]Ultimately from Middle Chinese 空想 (kʰuŋ sɨɐŋX, literally “fictional, fabricated + think, thought”).
The sense of fantasy is first cited in Japanese to 1886,[1] and probably reflects a Rangaku and Meiji era style of repurposing older terminology to translate unfamiliar Western concepts.
The Buddhist sense is older, and was borrowed into Japanese along with various Chinese Buddhist texts. This term is included in the 摩訶止観 (Maka Shikan), better known in English by its Chinese pronunciation, the Mohe Zhiguan, completed some time in the early 600s.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- [from 1886] fantasy, daydream; something imagined
- [from 600s] (Buddhism) thought that exhibits attachment to sunyata
Derived terms
[edit]Verb
[edit]空想する • (kūsō suru) ←くうさう (kuusau)?suru (stem 空想し (kūsō shi), past 空想した (kūsō shita))
- [from 1886] to fantasize
- [from 600s] (Buddhism) to think in a way that exhibits attachment to sunyata
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "空想する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 空想し | くうそうし | kūsō shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 空想し | くうそうし | kūsō shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 空想する | くうそうする | kūsō suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 空想する | くうそうする | kūsō suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 空想すれ | くうそうすれ | kūsō sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 空想せよ¹ 空想しろ² |
くうそうせよ¹ くうそうしろ² |
kūsō seyo¹ kūsō shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 空想される | くうそうされる | kūsō sareru | |
| Causative | 空想させる 空想さす |
くうそうさせる くうそうさす |
kūsō saseru kūsō sasu | |
| Potential | 空想できる | くうそうできる | kūsō dekiru | |
| Volitional | 空想しよう | くうそうしよう | kūsō shiyō | |
| Negative | 空想しない | くうそうしない | kūsō shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 空想せず | くうそうせず | kūsō sezu | |
| Formal | 空想します | くうそうします | kūsō shimasu | |
| Perfective | 空想した | くうそうした | kūsō shita | |
| Conjunctive | 空想して | くうそうして | kūsō shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 空想すれば | くうそうすれば | kūsō sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 “空想”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
Korean
[edit]| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 空 | 想 |
Noun
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 空 | 想 |
Adjective
[edit]空想
- chữ Hán form of không tưởng (“unrealistic; utopian”).
Categories:
- Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation
- Cantonese terms with audio pronunciation
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Hokkien verbs
- Middle Chinese verbs
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Hokkien adjectives
- Middle Chinese adjectives
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 空
- Chinese terms spelled with 想
- Advanced Mandarin
- zh:Thinking
- Japanese terms spelled with 空 read as くう
- Japanese terms spelled with 想 read as そう
- Japanese terms read with goon
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- ja:Buddhism
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese suru verbs
- Korean lemmas
- Korean nouns
- Korean nouns in Han script
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese adjectives
- Vietnamese adjectives in Han script
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán