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皇上

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

Chinese

		emperor; surname	up; on; on top up; on; on top; upon; first; previous or last; upper; higher; above; previous; to climb; to go into; to go up
simp. and trad. (皇上)		皇	上
anagram		上皇

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): huángshang

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄤˊ ˙ㄕㄤ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): хуоншон (huonšon, I-III)
Cantonese (Jyutping): wong⁴ soeng⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hông-siōng / hông-siāng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: huángshang
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄤˊ ˙ㄕㄤ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: huángshång
  - Wade–Giles: huang²-shang⁵
  - Yale: hwáng-shang
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwang.shang
  - Palladius: хуаншан (xuanšan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʂɑŋ³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: хуоншон (huonšon, I-III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xuɑŋ²⁴ ʂɑŋ⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: wong⁴ soeng⁶
  - Yale: wòhng seuhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wong⁴ soeng⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: wong⁴ sêng⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɔːŋ²¹ sœːŋ²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông-siōng
  - Tâi-lô: hông-siōng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hongsiong
  - IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ siɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³⁻³³ siɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông-siāng
  - Tâi-lô: hông-siāng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hongsiang
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ¹³⁻²² siaŋ²²/

Middle Chinese: hwang dzyangX

Rime
Character	皇	上
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	唐 (102)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	胡光切	時掌切
Baxter	hwang	dzyangX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦwɑŋ/	/d͡ʑɨɐŋ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷɑŋ/	/d͡ʑiɐŋ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɑŋ/	/d͡ʑiɑŋ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwaŋ/	/d͡ʑɨaŋ^X/
Li Rong	/ɣuɑŋ/	/ʑiaŋ^X/
Wang Li	/ɣuɑŋ/	/ʑĭaŋ^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣwɑŋ/	/ʑi̯aŋ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huáng	shàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wong⁴	soeng⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷˤaŋ Cə-daŋʔ|m-daŋʔ|daŋʔ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷaːŋ djaŋʔ|djaŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	皇	皇	上	上	上
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huáng	huáng	shàng	shàng	shàng
Middle Chinese	‹ hwang ›	‹ hwang ›	‹ dzyang^X ›	‹ dzyang^X ›	‹ dzyang^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷˁaŋ/	/*[ɢ]ʷˁaŋ/	/*Cə-daŋʔ/	/*m-daŋʔ/	/*daŋʔ-s/
English	yellow and white spotted	sovereign	ascend	to put up	top, above (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	皇	上	上
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
No.	12696	11102	11103
Phonetic component	王	上	上
Rime group	陽	陽	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	黃	上	尚
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷaːŋ/	/*djaŋʔ/	/*djaŋs/
Notes	禮王制鄭注冕屬，金文象羽冠，王聲；或雲象日射輝則爲暀晃初文

Noun

皇上

the emperor
Your Majesty; His Majesty (when directed to an emperor)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (皇上):

→ Korean: 황상(皇上) (hwangsang)
→ Vietnamese: hoàng thượng (皇上)

See also

皇帝 (huángdì)

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