痕

痕	U+75D5, 痕 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-75D5

Translingual

Han character

痕 (Kangxi radical 104, 疒+6, 11 strokes, cangjie input 大日女 (KAV), four-corner 0013₂, composition ⿸疒艮)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 773, character 12
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22171
Dae Jaweon: page 1183, character 26
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2673, character 5
Unihan data for U+75D5

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (艮) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
艱	*krɯːn
齦	kʰrɯːnʔ, kʰɯːnʔ, *ŋɯn
眼	*ŋrɯːnʔ
蛝	*ɡrɯːn
限	*ɡrɯːnʔ
硍	*ɡrɯːnʔ
豤	kʰɯːnʔ, kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰuːn
詪	ɡlɯːnʔ, kɯːnʔ, *kɯːns
根	*kɯːn
跟	*kɯːn
珢	kɯːn, kɯːns, *ŋrɯn
艮	*kɯːns
茛	*kɯːns
墾	*kʰɯːnʔ
懇	*kʰɯːnʔ
垠	ŋɯːn, ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn
泿	ŋɯːn, ŋrɯn
痕	*ɡɯːn
拫	*ɡɯːn
鞎	*ɡɯːn
很	*ɡɯːnʔ
恨	*ɡɯːns
銀	*ŋrɯn
檭	*ŋrɯn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯːn) : semantic 疒 + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		痕

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): hén (hen²)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄣˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): hen²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): han⁴ / han^4-2

(Taishan, Wiktionary): han³
Gan (Wiktionary): hen²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fìn

(Meixian, Guangdong): hên¹
Jin (Wiktionary): heng¹
Northern Min (KCR): hô̤ng
Eastern Min (BUC): hòng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hûn

(Teochew, Peng'im): hung⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶ghen
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): hen²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hén
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hén
  - Wade–Giles: hên²
  - Yale: hén
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hern
  - Palladius: хэнь (xɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xən³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: hen²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xen
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xən²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: han⁴ / han^4-2
  - Yale: hàhn / hán
  - Cantonese Pinyin: han⁴ / han^4-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: hen⁴ / hen^4-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐn²¹/, /hɐn²¹⁻³⁵/

Note:

han4-2 - “mark; trace”.

(Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: han³
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /han²²/

Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: hen²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɛn²⁴/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fìn
  - Hakka Romanization System: fin^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fin²
  - Sinological IPA: /fin¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hên¹
  - Sinological IPA: /hɛn⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: heng¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /xəŋ¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hô̤ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɔŋ³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /houŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hûn
  - Tâi-lô: hûn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: huun
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /hun²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hung⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hûng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huŋ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶ghen
  - MiniDict: ghen^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhen
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦən²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: hen²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xən¹³/

Middle Chinese: hon

Rime
Character	痕
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	痕 (53)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	戸恩切
Baxter	hon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦən/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦən/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦən/
Li Rong	/ɣən/
Wang Li	/ɣən/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hén
Expected Cantonese Reflex	han⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯːn/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	痕
Reading #	1/1
No.	3934
Phonetic component	艮
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	痕
Old Chinese	/*ɡɯːn/

Definitions

痕

scar; cicatrix (Classifier: 條／条 m)
trace; mark; evidence; vestige; trail (Classifier: 條／条 m c)

Compounds

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		痕

Kra-Dai substrate word. Compare Zhuang haenz (“itchy”) (< Proto-Tai *ɣalᴬ (“to itch”)), humz (“to itch”), Hlai kom (“to itch”).

Pronunciation

Cantonese (Jyutping): han⁴

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: han⁴
  - Yale: hàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: han⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: hen⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐn²¹/

Definitions

痕

(Cantonese, Pinghua) itchy
我呢度好痕。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
ngo⁵ nei¹ dou⁶ hou² han⁴. [Jyutping]
It's really itchy right here.

𢯎痕 [Cantonese] ― ngaau¹ han⁴ [Jyutping] ― to scratch an itch

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 癢 (“itchy”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		癢
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	癢, 癢癢, 刺撓
	Taiwan	癢
	Chengde	癢
	Ulanhot	刺撓
	Tongliao	刺撓
	Chifeng	癢, 刺撓
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	癢, 刺撓
	Heihe	癢
	Qiqihar	癢
	Harbin	癢癢, 細癢, 刺撓, 刺癢
	Jiamusi	癢, 刺撓
	Baicheng	癢
	Changchun	刺撓
	Tonghua	刺撓
	Shenyang	癢, 刺撓
	Jinzhou	癢
	Malaysia	癢
	Singapore	癢
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	癢癢
	Tangshan	癢
	Cangzhou	癢
	Baoding	癢
	Shijiazhuang	癢
	Lijin	癢, 癢癢
	Jinan	癢, 癢癢, 刺撓
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	癢
	Dandong	癢, 刺撓
	Yantai	癢
	Yantai (Muping)	癢癢
	Qingdao	癢, 癢癢
	Zhucheng	癢
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	刺撓
	Lingbao	癢
	Jining	癢癢
	Linfen	咬人
	Shangqiu	癢
	Yuanyang	癢
	Zhengzhou	癢
	Xinyang	癢
	Baihe	癢
	Xi'an	癢, 咬人, 咬
	Baoji	癢, 咬人
	Tianshui	癢, 咬
	Xining	癢, 咬
	Xuzhou	癢, 癢癢, 刺撓
	Fuyang	癢, 癢癢
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	咬
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	癢, 刺撓
	Bayanhot	癢
	Lanzhou	癢
	Dunhuang	癢
	Hami	癢
	Ürümqi	癢
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	癢, 咬
	Nanchong	癢
	Dazhou	癢
	Hanyuan	癢
	Xichang	癢
	Zigong	癢
	Chongqing	癢
	Wuhan	癢
	Yichang	癢
	Xiangyang	癢
	Tianmen	癢
	Guiyang	癢
	Zunyi	癢
	Bijie	癢
	Liping	癢
	Zhaotong	癢
	Dali	癢
	Kunming	癢
	Mengzi	癢
	Guilin	癢
	Liuzhou	癢
	Nanning (Wuming)	癢
	Jishou	癢
	Changde	癢
	Hanzhong	癢, 咬
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	癢
	Yangzhou	癢
	Lianyungang	癢, 癢癢
	Lianshui	癢
	Nantong	癢
	Anqing	癢
	Wuhu	癢
	Hefei	癢
	Hong'an	癢
Cantonese	Guangzhou	痕, 癢
	Hong Kong	痕, 痕癢
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	癢, 痎
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	痎
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	痎
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	痎
	Taishan	痎
	Kaiping (Chikan)	痎
	Dongguan	癢
	Yangjiang	癢
	Nanning	痕
	Nanning (Tanka)	痕
	Hepu (Shatian)	痎
	Guiping	痕
	Guiping (Jintian)	痕
	Guiping (Mule)	痕
	Pingnan	痕
	Guigang (Gangcheng)	痕
	Guigang (Pingdong)	痕
	Beihai	痕
	Beihai (Nankang)	痎
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	痕
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	痎
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	痕
	Sarikei (Xinhui)	痎
	Singapore (Guangfu)	痕
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	痕
	Móng Cái	痕
Gan	Nanchang	癢
Hakka	Meixian	癢
	Xingning	痎
	Dabu (Xihe)	癢
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	痎
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	痎
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	癢
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	癢
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	痎
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	癢
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	癢
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	癢
	Hong Kong	痎
	Kuala Lumpur (Dabu)	癢
	Senai (Huiyang)	痎
Huizhou	Jixi	癢
Huizhou	Shexian	癢
Jin	Taiyuan	癢, 癢癢, 刺癢
	Yangyuan	癢
	Datong	癢
	Lüliang (Lishi)	咬人, 咬
	Changzhi	癢, 咬搔
	Taibus (Baochang)	癢
	Linhe	癢, 咬
	Jining	癢, 咬
	Hohhot	癢, 圪搔, 刺撓
	Baotou	咬
	Dongsheng	咬
	Haibowan	咬
	Erenhot	咬
	Pingshan	癢癢
	Zhangjiakou	癢
	Handan	癢
	Linzhou	癢
	Suide	咬
Northern Min	Jian'ou	癢
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	癢
Southern Min	Xiamen	癢, 擽, 刺鑿, 刺頁
	Quanzhou	癢, 擽, 刺鑿, 刺頁
	Zhangzhou	癢, 擽
	Taipei	癢
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	癢
	Kaohsiung	癢
	Yilan	癢
	Changhua (Lukang)	癢
	Taichung	癢
	Tainan	癢
	Hsinchu	癢
	Kinmen	癢
	Penghu (Magong)	癢
	Penang (Hokkien)	癢, gatai
	Singapore (Hokkien)	癢
	Manila (Hokkien)	癢
	Chaozhou	癢
	Shantou	癢
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	癢
	Jieyang	癢
	Haifeng	痎
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	癢
	Pontianak (Teochew)	癢
	Leizhou	癢
	Haikou	癢
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	痕
Wu	Suzhou	癢, 肉癢
Wu	Wenzhou	癢
Xiang	Changsha	癢
Xiang	Shuangfeng	癢

Compounds

口痕 (hau² han⁴) (Cantonese)
口痕友 (Cantonese)
口痕痕 (Cantonese)
屎窟痕 (Cantonese)
手痕 (sau² han⁴) (Cantonese)
𢯎痕 (ngaau¹ han⁴) (Cantonese)
搲痕 (Cantonese)
痕癢／痕痒 (han⁴ joeng⁵) (Cantonese)
身痕 (san¹ han⁴) (Cantonese)
頭痕／头痕 (tau⁴ han⁴) (Cantonese)

Japanese

Kanji

痕

(Jōyō kanji)

mark, foot print

Readings

Go-on: ごん (gon)
Kan-on: こん (kon, Jōyō)
Kun: あと (ato, 痕, Jōyō)

Compounds

漣痕(れんこん) (renkon, “ripple mark”)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
痕
こん Grade: S
kan'on

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [kõ̞ɴ]

Noun

痕(こん) • (kon)

scar
刀(とう)痕(こん) ― tōkon ― knife scar
mark, stain
墨(ぼっ)痕(こん) ― bo'kon ― ink handwriting

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
痕
あと Grade: S
kun'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 痕 – see the following entry.

【跡あと】S

[noun] evidence of something passing; footsteps, trace, tracks

[noun] mark or trace left on something after a certain act is done to it

[noun] remains, ruins

[noun] family estate or property

[noun] precedent, example

Alternative spellings
迹, 址, 𫐤

(This term, 痕, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 痕 (MC hon). Recorded as Middle Korean 흔 (hun) (Yale: hun) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

痕

Wikisource

痕 (eumhun 흔적 흔 (heunjeok heun))

hanja form^? of 흔 (“scar”)
hanja form^? of 흔 (“mark; trace”)

Compounds

흔적 (痕跡/痕迹, heunjeok)
도흔 (刀痕, doheun)
묵흔 (墨痕, mukheun)
필흔 (筆痕, pilheun)
누흔 (淚痕, nuheun)
상흔 (傷痕, sangheun)
생흔 (生痕, saengheun)
수흔 (水痕, suheun)
여흔 (餘痕, yeoheun)
연흔 (漣痕, yeonheun)
우흔 (雨痕, uheun)
전흔 (戰痕, jeonheun)
족흔 (足痕, jokheun)
주흔 (酒痕, juheun)
혈흔 (血痕, hyeolheun)
소흔 (燒痕, soheun)
압흔 (壓痕, apheun)
잔흔 (殘痕, janheun)
탄흔 (彈痕, tanheun)
늑흔 (勒痕, neukheun)
반흔 (瘢痕, banheun)
조흔 (條痕, joheun)
엽흔 (葉痕, yeopheun)
무흔 (無痕, muheun)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

Han character

痕: Hán Nôm readings: ngấn, ngằn, ngẩn, ngân, ngần

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Nôm: ngấn, ngẩn

References

Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999