甚
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Translingual
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Han character
[edit]甚 (Kangxi radical 99, 甘+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿一一女 (TMMV), four-corner 44711, composition ⿱⿴龷𠄠⿺𠃊八(GV) or ⿱⿴龷𠄠⿺𠃊儿(JK) or ⿱⿴龷𠄠⿺㇄⿰丿㇄(HT))
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 754, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21648
- Dae Jaweon: page 1161, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 25, character 5
- Unihan data for U+751A
Chinese
[edit]| trad. | 甚 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 甚 | |
| alternative forms | 𠥄 𠯕 | |
Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character 甚 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 湛 | *ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um |
| 媅 | *ʔl'uːm |
| 黮 | *l̥ʰuːmʔ, *l'uːmʔ |
| 糂 | *sluːmʔ |
| 堪 | *kʰluːm |
| 戡 | *kʰluːm, *ʔl'umʔ |
| 嵁 | *kʰluːm, *ŋɡluːm, *ŋɡluːmʔ, *sɡruːmʔ, *kʰruːm |
| 歁 | *kʰluːmʔ, *kʰluːb |
| 勘 | *kʰluːms |
| 磡 | *kʰuːms |
| 墈 | *kʰuːms |
| 偡 | *r'uːmʔ |
| 碪 | *ʔl'um |
| 椹 | *ʔl'um |
| 揕 | *ʔl'ums |
| 踸 | *l̥ʰumʔ |
| 鍖 | *l̥ʰumʔ |
| 斟 | *kljum |
| 諶 | *ɡljum |
| 愖 | *ɡljum |
| 瘎 | *ɡljum |
| 煁 | *ɡljum |
| 甚 | *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums |
| 葚 | *ɦljumʔ |
Shuowen: Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 甘 + 匹.
Etymology 1
[edit]STEDT considers it to be from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *l-(t/d)jam (“full; flat; straight”) and cognate with 斟 (OC *kljum, “to pour”), 淫 (OC *lɯm, “excessive”) and Tibetan གཏམས (gtams, “to fill up”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): sam6 / sap6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ́m
- Northern Min (KCR): sēng
- Eastern Min (BUC): sêng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6zen
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shèn
- Wade–Giles: shên4
- Yale: shèn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenn
- Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂən⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sam6 / sap6
- Yale: sahm / sahp
- Cantonese Pinyin: sam6 / sap9
- Guangdong Romanization: sem6 / seb6
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐm²²/, /sɐp̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: sap6 - rare.
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ́m
- Hakka Romanization System: siimˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: sim3
- Sinological IPA: /sɨm³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sēng
- Sinological IPA (key): /seiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sêng
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɛiŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sīm
- Tâi-lô: sīm
- Phofsit Daibuun: sim
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sim³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sim²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sǐm
- Tâi-lô: sǐm
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sim²²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: sim6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sĭm
- Sinological IPA (key): /sim³⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Wu
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: dzyimX, dzyimH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t.ɢ][ə]mʔ/, /*[t.ɢ][ə]mʔ-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡljumʔ/, /*ɡljums/
Definitions
[edit]甚
- serious; extreme; excessive
- extremely; considerably; very
- (literary) to exceed; to surpass
- a surname
Compounds
[edit]- 一之為甚／一之为甚 (yīzhīwéishèn)
- 一之謂甚／一之谓甚
- 不求甚解 (bùqiúshènjiě)
- 不為已甚／不为已甚 (bùwéiyǐshèn)
- 不甚 (bùshèn)
- 不甚了了 (bùshènliǎoliǎo)
- 不甚合意
- 厥功甚偉／厥功甚伟
- 去泰去甚
- 去甚去泰
- 名聲籍甚／名声籍甚
- 太甚 (tàishèn)
- 家徒甚殷
- 尤有甚者
- 尤甚 (yóushèn)
- 已甚 (yǐshèn)
- 幸甚 (xìngshèn)
- 忒甚
- 日甚一日 (rìshènyīrì)
- 更甚
- 欺人太甚 (qīréntàishèn)
- 特甚 (tèshèn)
- 甚且 (shènqiě)
- 甚人
- 甚口
- 甚囂塵上／甚嚣尘上 (shènxiāochénshàng)
- 甚或 (shènhuò)
- 甚是 (shènshì)
- 甚而 (shèn'ér)
- 甚至 (shènzhì)
- 甚雨
- 疾風甚雨／疾风甚雨
- 相得甚歡／相得甚欢
- 籍甚 (jíshèn)
- 聲稱籍甚／声称籍甚
- 腹笥甚廣／腹笥甚广
- 自奉甚儉／自奉甚俭
- 莫此為甚／莫此为甚
- 著甚來由／著甚来由
- 藉甚／借甚
- 蝕甚／蚀甚
- 衣冠甚偉／衣冠甚伟
- 言之過甚／言之过甚
- 軒軒甚得／轩轩甚得
- 逼人太甚
- 過從甚密／过从甚密
- 過甚／过甚 (guòshèn)
- 過甚其實／过甚其实
- 過甚其詞／过甚其词
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation 1
[edit]| For pronunciation and definitions of 甚 – see 什 (“ten families; etc.”). (This character is a variant traditional form of 什). |
Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shèn
- Wade–Giles: shên4
- Yale: shèn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenn
- Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂən⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shén
- Wade–Giles: shên2
- Yale: shén
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shern
- Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂən³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: sam6
- Yale: sahm
- Cantonese Pinyin: sam6
- Guangdong Romanization: sem6
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɐm²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: seng3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /sə̃ŋ⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
Definitions
[edit]甚
- (literary or dialectal Mandarin, Jin) what
- 甚事？ ― Shèn shì? ― What is it?
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]甚
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: じん (jin, Jōyō)←じん (zin, historical)←じむ (zimu, ancient)
- Kan-on: しん (shin)←しん (sin, historical)←しむ (simu, ancient)
- Tō-on: そも (somo)
- Kun: はなはだ (hanahada, 甚だ, Jōyō)、はなはだしい (hanahadashii, 甚だしい, Jōyō)、なに (nani, 甚)、いたい (itai, 甚い)
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]- great extent
- considerably
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]甚: Hán Nôm readings: thậm, rậm
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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