犯

犯 U+72AF, 犯 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72AF ← 犮 [U+72AE] CJK Unified Ideographs 犰 → [U+72B0]

犯 U+FA9F, 犯 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA9F ← 爵 [U+FA9E] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 猪 → [U+FAA0]

犯 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+2, 5 strokes, cangjie input 大竹尸山 (KHSU), four-corner 4721₂, composition ⿰犭㔾)

• 𠱍, 𣳜

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 706, character 2
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20238
• Dae Jaweon: page 1118, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1331, character 8
• Unihan data for U+72AF

• Unihan data for U+FA9F

simp. and trad.		犯

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *bomʔ) : semantic 犬 + phonetic 𢎘 ().

"To pass over" > "to offend against, oppose". Compare 氾.

This character originally had bilabial nasal (*-m) final in Old and Middle Chinese, but had undergone dissimilation (from bilabial plosive *b-) to become *-n in most dialects. However, there are still some dialects that retain this feature, such as Meixian and Teochew dialect. Similar dissimilation happened in 帆 and 風.

犯

1. to infringe on; to attack; to encroach

   人不犯我，我不犯人 [MSC, trad. and simp.]

   rén bù fàn wǒ, wǒ bù fàn rén [Pinyin]

   We will not attack if we are not attacked.

2. to commit (crime); to violate

   犯罪  ―  fànzuì  ―  to commit crime

3. criminal; offender; culprit

   罪犯  ―  zuìfàn  ―  criminal

   俾個犯走甩咗呀！ [Cantonese, trad.]
   俾个犯走甩咗呀！ [Cantonese, simp.]

   bei² go³ faan^6-2 zau² lat¹ zo² aa³! [Jyutping]

   The criminal ran loose!

4. to happen; to break out (usually something wrong or bad)

   犯脾氣／犯脾气  ―  fànpíqì  ―  to get angry; to lose one's temper

5. to brave; to face; to withstand
6. to be worth; to merit; to deserve; to be worthy of

• (to violate):

• (criminal):

• (to be worth):

• 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “犯”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 258.

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. crime, offense
2. criminal, culprit, offender

• Go-on: ぼん (bon)^{←ぼん (bon, historical)←ぼむ (bomu, ancient)}
• Kan-on: はん (han, Jōyō)^{←はん (fan, historical)←はむ (famu, ancient)}
• Kun: おかす (okasu, 犯す, Jōyō)^{←をかす (wokasu, 犯す, historical)}

Kanji in this term
犯
はん Grade: 5
kan'on

/pɨɐm/ → /pamʉ/ → /famʉ/ → /haɴ/

From Middle Chinese, 犯 (MC bjomX).

犯(はん) • (-han) 

1. perpetrators of a crime
2. some types of crime

From Middle Chinese 犯 (MC bjomX).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [pɘ(ː)m]
• Phonetic hangul: [범(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

犯 (eumhun 범할 범 (beomhal beom))

1. hanja form^? of 범 (“to violate; to commit”) [verbal root]
2. hanja form^? of 범 (“criminal”) [suffix]
3. hanja form^? of 범 (“count of crime”) [counter]

犯: Hán Nôm readings: phạm

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