廉

廉	U+5EC9, 廉 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5EC9

← 廈
[U+5EC8]

CJK Unified Ideographs

廊 →
[U+5ECA]

廉	U+F9A2, 廉 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9A2

← 說
[U+F9A1]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

念 →
[U+F9A3]

Translingual

Han character

廉 (Kangxi radical 53, 广+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 戈廿難金 (ITXC), four-corner 0023₇, composition ⿸广兼)

Derived characters

濂, 嬚, 燫, 臁, 鐮(镰), 蠊, 譧, 劆, 薕, 簾, 𦧷, 𧸖

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 349, character 8
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9436
Dae Jaweon: page 659, character 32
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 896, character 1
Unihan data for U+5EC9

Unihan data for U+F9A2

Chinese

simp. and trad.		廉
alternative forms		亷㢘槏𠪊𤎉亷㢘槏𠪊𤎉𠪕𢉧𢋯𠔳

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 廉
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (兼) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
譧	*r'eːms
賺	*r'eːms
尲	*kreːm
鹻	*kreːmʔ
歉	kʰreːms, kʰreːmʔ, kʰeːmʔ, kʰeːms
槏	*kʰreːmʔ
鰜	ɡreːm, keːm
稴	ɡreːm, ɡ·reːm, ɡ·reːmʔ, ɡ·reːms, *ɡeːm
豏	ɡreːmʔ, ɡreːms
甉	ɡreːmʔ, ɡraːm
廉	*ɡ·rem
鎌	*ɡ·rem
鬑	ɡ·rem, ɡ·reːm
鐮	*ɡ·rem
簾	*ɡ·rem
薕	ɡ·rem, ɡ·reːm
蠊	*ɡ·rem
嬚	*ɡ·remʔ
溓	ɡ·remʔ, ɡ·reːm, *ɡ·reːmʔ
嵰	*kʰremʔ
隒	*ŋɡremʔ
熑	*ɡ·reːm
濂	*ɡ·reːm
燫	*ɡ·reːm
兼	keːm, keːms
縑	*keːm
鶼	*keːm
蒹	*keːm
搛	*keːm
謙	*kʰeːm
膁	*kʰeːmʔ
嗛	*kʰeːmʔ
慊	kʰeːmʔ, kʰeːb
傔	*kʰeːms
馦	*qʰeːm
嫌	*ɡeːm
鼸	*ɡeːmʔ
尷	*kreːm

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·rem) : semantic 广 + phonetic 兼 (OC *keːm, *keːms).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): lián (lian²)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄢˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nian²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): lim⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): liam³
Gan (Wiktionary): lien⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): liàm

(Meixian, Guangdong): liam²
Jin (Wiktionary): lie¹
Northern Min (KCR): lǐng
Eastern Min (BUC): lièng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): liâm / lêm

(Teochew, Peng'im): liam⁵ / niam⁵ / niang⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶li
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lienn²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lián
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lián
  - Wade–Giles: lien²
  - Yale: lyán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lian
  - Palladius: лянь (ljanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: nian²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lian
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /niɛn²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: lim⁴
  - Yale: lìhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lim⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: lim⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liːm²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: liam³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liam²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: lien⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liɛn³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liàm
  - Hakka Romanization System: liam^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: liam²
  - Sinological IPA: /li̯am¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: liam²
  - Sinological IPA: /liam¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: lie¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /lie¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lǐng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liŋ²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lièng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ieŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Yongchun, Zhangpu, Changtai, General Taiwanese, Klang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liâm
  - Tâi-lô: liâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liaam
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liam²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Yongchun, Changtai, Taipei, Klang): /liam²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liam¹³/
  - IPA (Zhangpu): /liam²¹³/
- (Hokkien: Hui'an)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêm
  - Tâi-lô: lêm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: leem
  - IPA (Hui'an): /lem²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: liam⁵ / niam⁵ / niang⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: liâm / niâm / niâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liam⁵⁵/, /niam⁵⁵/, /niaŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

liam5 - Chaozhou;
niam5 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai;
niang5 - Chenghai.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶li
  - MiniDict: li^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³li
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /li²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: lienn²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯ẽ¹³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 廉
Mandarin	Beijing	/lian³⁵/
	Harbin	/lian²⁴/
	Tianjin	/lian⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/liã⁴²/
	Qingdao	/liã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/lian⁴²/
	Xi'an	/liã²⁴/
	Xining	/liã²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/lian⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/liɛ̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/lian⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/niɛn²¹³/
	Chengdu	/nian³¹/
	Guiyang	/nian²¹/
	Kunming	/liɛ̃³¹/
	Nanjing	/lien²⁴/
	Hefei	/liĩ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/lie¹¹/
	Pingyao	/lie̞¹³/
	Hohhot	/lie³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/li²³/
	Suzhou	/liɪ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/liẽ̞²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/li³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/le⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/liɛ⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/liẽ¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/niẽ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/liɛn⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/liam¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/liɑm¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/lim²¹/
	Nanning	/lim²¹/
	Hong Kong	/lim²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/liam³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/lieŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/liŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/niam⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/liam³¹/

Middle Chinese: ljem

Rime
Character	廉
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	鹽 (153)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力鹽切
Baxter	ljem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liᴇm/
Pan Wuyun	/liɛm/
Shao Rongfen	/ljæm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/liam/
Li Rong	/liɛm/
Wang Li	/lĭɛm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li̯ɛm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lim⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*(k-)rem/, /*[r]em/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·rem/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	廉	廉
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lián	lián
Middle Chinese	‹ ljem ›	‹ ljem ›
Old Chinese	/*(k-)rem/	/*[r]em/
English	frugal	angle
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	廉
Reading #	1/1
No.	6042
Phonetic component	兼
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	廉
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·rem/

Definitions

廉

Synonyms

(clean): 潔／洁 (jié)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “inexpensive”): 貴／贵 (guì)

Compounds

Japanese

Shinjitai	廉
Kyūjitai ^[1]	廉 `廉` or 廉+`︀`^?
	廉󠄀 廉+`󠄀`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	廉󠄃 廉+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

廉

(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 廉)

clean, honest
inexpensive

Readings

Go-on: れん (ren, Jōyō)^{←れん (ren, historical)}^{←れむ (remu, ancient)}
Kan-on: れん (ren, Jōyō)^{←れん (ren, historical)}^{←れむ (remu, ancient)}
Kun: いさぎよい (isagiyoi, 廉い)^{←いさぎよし (isagyosi, 廉し, historical)}、かど (kado, 廉)、きよい (kiyoi, 廉い)、やすい (yasui, 廉い)^{←やすし (yasusi, 廉し, historical)}
Nanori: おさ (osa)、かど (kado)、きよ (kiyo)、きよし (kiyoshi)、すが (suga)、すなお (sunao)、ただし (tadashi)、やす (yasu)、ゆき (yuki)

Noun

廉(かど) • (kado)

grounds (for suspicion), a charge (for a crime)

Proper noun

廉(れん) • (Ren)

a male or female given name

References

^ “廉”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

Korean

Hanja

廉 (eumhun 청렴 할 렴 (cheongnyeomhal ryeom), word-initial (South Korea) 청렴 할 염 (cheongnyeomhal yeom))

hanja form^? of 렴/염 (“upright, honorable, honest, pure”)
hanja form^? of 렴/염 (“to spy on”)

Compounds

청렴(淸廉) (cheongnyeom, “honesty”)
염탐(廉探) (yeomtam, “snooping, nosing around”)

Vietnamese

Han character

廉: Hán Nôm readings: liêm, rèm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] “廉”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

[1]