坪
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]坪 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 土一火十 (GMFJ), four-corner 41149, composition ⿰土平)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 226, character 22
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4976
- Dae Jaweon: page 461, character 34
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 430, character 9
- Unihan data for U+576A
Chinese
[edit]| simp. and trad. |
坪 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
[edit]Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *beŋ) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 平 (OC *ben, *beŋ).
Etymology
[edit]The Taiwanese measurement unit of area was borrowed from the Japanese one during Japanese colonial period.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ping4
- Hakka
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ba2 / baⁿ2 / pia2 / piaⁿ2 / ping2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6bin
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: píng
- Wade–Giles: pʻing2
- Yale: píng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pyng
- Palladius: пин (pin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰiŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ping4
- Yale: pìhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: ping4
- Guangdong Romanization: ping4
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰɪŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phiàng / phìn
- Hakka Romanization System: piangˇ / pinˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: piang2 / pin2
- Sinological IPA: /pʰi̯aŋ¹¹/, /pʰin¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ba2
- Sinological IPA (key): /pa¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: baⁿ2
- Sinological IPA (key): /pã¹³/
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: pia2
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰia¹³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: piaⁿ2
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰĩã¹³/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: ping2
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰiŋ¹³/
- (Putian)
Note:
- ba2/baⁿ2 - vernacular;
- pia2/piaⁿ2 - vernacular;
- ping2 - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pîⁿ
- Tâi-lô: pînn
- Phofsit Daibuun: pvii
- IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei): /pĩ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pêⁿ
- Tâi-lô: pênn
- Phofsit Daibuun: pvee
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /pẽ²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phîⁿ
- Tâi-lô: phînn
- Phofsit Daibuun: phvii
- IPA (Xiamen): /pʰĩ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phêⁿ
- Tâi-lô: phênn
- Phofsit Daibuun: phvee
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰɛ̃¹³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰẽ²³/
Note:
- phêng - literary;
- phiâⁿ/pîⁿ/pêⁿ/phîⁿ/phêⁿ - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: pêng5 / pian5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phêng / phiâⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /pʰeŋ⁵⁵/, /pʰĩã⁵⁵/
Note:
- pêng5 - literary;
- pian5 - vernacular.
- Middle Chinese: bjaeng
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*beŋ/
Definitions
[edit]坪
- plain (especially used in a place name); flatland; level ground; terrace
- (Taiwan) a traditional unit of areal measure equal to a square six 尺 (chǐ) on each side, approximately 3.306 square meters or 35.57 square feet
Compounds
[edit]- 七里坪 (Qīlǐpíng)
- 下坪 (Xiàpíng)
- 下谷坪 (Xiàgǔpíng)
- 三鬥坪／三斗坪
- 仁和坪 (Rénhépíng)
- 停機坪／停机坪 (tíngjīpíng)
- 兩坪／两坪 (Liǎngpíng)
- 六里坪 (Liùlǐpíng)
- 南坪 (Nánpíng)
- 卸甲坪 (Xièjiǎpíng)
- 厚坪 (Hòupíng)
- 古村坪 (Gǔcūnpíng)
- 喬家坪／乔家坪 (Qiáojiāpíng)
- 地坪 (dìpíng)
- 坪場／坪场
- 坪壩／坪坝 (píngbà)
- 坪數／坪数
- 坪林 (Pínglín)
- 坪頂／坪顶 (Píngdǐng)
- 大支坪 (Dàzhīpíng)
- 姚坪 (Yáopíng)
- 安坪 (Ānpíng)
- 官坪 (Guānpíng)
- 富城坪 (Fùchéngpíng)
- 寺坪 (Sìpíng)
- 小坪 (Xiǎopíng)
- 康坪 (Kāngpíng)
- 建坪 (Jiànpíng)
- 方高坪 (Fānggāopíng)
- 木魚坪／木鱼坪 (Mùyúpíng)
- 松木坪 (Sōngmùpíng)
- 柯坪 (Kēpíng)
- 柘木坪 (Zhèmùpíng)
- 桃坪 (Táopíng)
- 棉花坪 (Miánhuāpíng)
- 榔坪 (Lángpíng)
- 楂樹坪／楂树坪 (Zhāshùpíng)
- 樟村坪 (Zhāngcūnpíng)
- 樟樹坪／樟树坪 (Zhāngshùpíng)
- 水井坪 (Shuǐjǐngpíng)
- 水坪 (Shuǐpíng)
- 沙坪 (Shāpíng)
- 洋坪 (Yángpíng)
- 活龍坪／活龙坪 (Huólóngpíng)
- 清坪 (Qīngpíng)
- 清太坪 (Qīngtàipíng)
- 溪口坪 (Xīkǒupíng)
- 火燒坪／火烧坪 (Huǒshāopíng)
- 白楊坪／白杨坪 (Báiyángpíng)
- 秦家坪 (Qínjiāpíng)
- 竹坪 (Zhúpíng)
- 篤坪／笃坪 (Dǔpíng)
- 紅坪／红坪 (Hóngpíng)
- 紅花坪／红花坪 (Hónghuāpíng)
- 花坪 (Huāpíng)
- 茅坪 (Máopíng)
- 茅坪場／茅坪场 (Máopíngchǎng)
- 草坪 (cǎopíng)
- 蒿坪 (Hāopíng)
- 薛坪 (Xuēpíng)
- 賀家坪／贺家坪 (Hèjiāpíng)
- 鄂坪 (Èpíng)
- 金坪 (Jīnpíng)
- 金果坪 (Jīnguǒpíng)
- 長坪／长坪 (Chángpíng)
- 阿坶坪
- 雙坪／双坪 (Shuāngpíng)
- 鞦韆坪／秋千坪 (Qiūqiānpíng)
- 馬坪／马坪 (Mǎpíng)
- 馮坪／冯坪 (Féngpíng)
- 騾坪／骡坪 (Luópíng)
- 高坪 (Gāopíng)
- 龍坪／龙坪 (Lóngpíng)
- 龍潭坪／龙潭坪 (Lóngtánpíng)
- 龍舟坪／龙舟坪 (Lóngzhōupíng)
References
[edit]- “Entry #3717”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
- 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “坪”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 178.
Japanese
[edit]| Shinjitai | 坪 | |
| Kyūjitai [1] |
坪󠄁 坪+ 󠄁?(Adobe-Japan1) |
|
| 坪󠄃 坪+ 󠄃?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. | ||
Kanji
[edit]坪
Readings
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]The on'yomi are not used in modern Japanese.
Etymology
[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 坪 |
| つぼ Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
Cognate with 壺 (tsubo, “basin”). The current meaning related to area arose from the way a surrounded area with the base or floor lower than the circumference looks like a basin.[2]
Although the reading is different, this areal measurement meaning for 坪 is shared in common with the terms 평 (坪, pyeong) in Korean and 坪 (pe5) in Taiwanese.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- A unit of areal measure, traditionally a square six 尺 (shaku, traditional Japanese unit of length, roughly equivalent to the English foot) per side, equivalent to the area covered by two standard-sized tatami mats. In modern usage, standardized at 3.306 square metres.
References
[edit]- ^ “坪”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 坪 (MC bjaeng). Recorded as Middle Korean 펴ᇰ (phyeng) (Yale: phyeng) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
[edit]
- hanja form? of 평 (“Pyeong, a traditional unit of measurement”)
- hanja form? of 평 (“plain; flatland; level ground; terrace”)
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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References
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