地理
Appearance
Chinese
[edit]earth; ground; field earth; ground; field; place; land; (subor. part. adverbial); ‑ly |
to manage; to heed; to put in order to manage; to heed; to put in order; reason; logic; science; inner principle or structure | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (地理) | 地 | 理 | |
simp. #(地理) | 地 | 理 |
Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Originally meant literally, “[definite] arrangement[s] of the earth”; attested earliest in the first part of Xici (繫辭上) commentary to the Classic of Changes[1]:
- 仰以觀於天文,俯以察於地理,…… [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: I Ching, 11th – 8th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- yǎng yǐ guān yú tiānwén, fǔ yǐ chá yú dìlǐ,...... [Pinyin]
- (The sage), in accordance with (the Yi), looking up, contemplates the brilliant phenomena of the heavens, and, looking down, examines the definite arrangements of the earth; [...]
仰以观于天文,俯以察于地理,…… [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): dei6 lei5
- Gan (Wiktionary): ti5 li3
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): dê-lī
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˋ ㄌㄧˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dìlǐ
- Wade–Giles: ti4-li3
- Yale: dì-lǐ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dihlii
- Palladius: дили (dili)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ti⁵¹ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: dei6 lei5
- Yale: deih léih
- Cantonese Pinyin: dei6 lei5
- Guangdong Romanization: déi6 léi5
- Sinological IPA (key): /tei̯²² lei̯¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ti5 li3
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰi¹¹ li²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thi-lî
- Hakka Romanization System: ti liˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ti4 li1
- Sinological IPA: /tʰi⁵⁵ li²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dê-lī
- Sinological IPA (key): /ti²⁴²⁻⁵³ l̃i³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Noun
[edit]地理
- geography
- geographical features; topography
- (literary) address
- (chiefly dialectal Mandarin, Hakka, Min) feng shui
- (Classical) terrestrial organization(clarification of this definition is needed)
Synonyms
[edit]- (address): 地址 (dìzhǐ)
- (feng shui):
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 風水, 堪輿 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 風水 |
Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 風水 |
Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 風水 |
Cantonese | Hong Kong | 風水 |
Gan | Nanchang | 風水 |
Pingxiang | 風水 | |
Hakka | Yudu | 風水 |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 風水, 地理 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 風水, 地理 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 風水, 地理 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 風水, 地理 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 風水, 地理 | |
Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping) | 風水, 地理 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 風水, 地理 | |
Huizhou | Jixi | 風水 |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 風水, 地理 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 風水 |
Quanzhou | 風水 | |
Zhangzhou | 風水 | |
Tainan | 風水, 地理 | |
Jieyang | 地理 | |
Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 風水 |
Wu | Shanghai | 風水 |
Danyang | 風水 | |
Ningbo | 風水 | |
Wenzhou | 風水 | |
Jinhua | 風水 |
Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “geography”): 天文 (tiānwén)
Adjective
[edit]地理
- (attributive) geographical
- 地理位置 ― dìlǐ wèizhì ― geographical location
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Ulrich Theobald (2010 July 8) “Geographies (dili lei 地理類)”, in Chinaknowledge[1]
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
地 | 理 |
ち Grade: 2 |
り Grade: 2 |
on'yomi |
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- geography
- abbreviation for 地理学(ちりがく, chirigaku)
- geographical features; topography
Related terms
[edit]- 地勢 (ちせい, chisei)
References
[edit]- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
地 | 理 |
Noun
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
地 | 理 |
Noun
[edit]地理
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