嗆

See also: 呛

嗆	U+55C6, 嗆 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-55C6

← 嗅
[U+55C5]

CJK Unified Ideographs

嗇 →
[U+55C7]

Translingual

Han character

嗆 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 口人戈口 (ROIR), four-corner 6806₇, composition ⿰口倉)

to choke with smoke
to irritate the nose

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 202, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4051
Dae Jaweon: page 424, character 30
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 669, character 10
Unihan data for U+55C6

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (倉) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
艙	*sʰaːŋ
倉	*sʰaːŋ
蒼	sʰaːŋ, sʰaːŋʔ
滄	sʰaːŋ, sʰraŋs
傖	sʰaːŋ, zraːŋ
鶬	*sʰaːŋ
凔	*sʰaːŋ
槍	sʰaŋ, sʰraːŋ
搶	sʰaŋ, sʰaŋʔ, *sʰraŋʔ
蹌	*sʰaŋ
瑲	*sʰaŋ
牄	*sʰaŋ
嗆	*sʰaŋs
創	sʰraŋ, sʰraŋs
瘡	*sʰraŋ
愴	sʰraŋʔ, sʰraŋs
鎗	*sʰraːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaŋs) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ).

Etymology 1

trad.		嗆
simp.		呛
alternative forms		熗／炝 (to irritate)

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiāng, qiàng

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄤ, ㄑㄧㄤˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): coeng¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciang
  - Wade–Giles: chʻiang¹
  - Yale: chyāng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiang
  - Palladius: цян (cjan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciàng
  - Wade–Giles: chʻiang⁴
  - Yale: chyàng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chianq
  - Palladius: цян (cjan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: coeng¹
  - Yale: chēung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: cêng¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*sʰaŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	嗆
Reading #	1/1
No.	1138
Phonetic component	倉
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	蹡
Old Chinese	/*sʰaŋs/
Notes	搶晚起分化字

Definitions

嗆

to choke (due to swallowing the wrong way)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiàng (qiang⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄤˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): coeng³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhiòng / chhiàng / chhiùⁿ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciàng
  - Wade–Giles: chʻiang⁴
  - Yale: chyàng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chianq
  - Palladius: цян (cjan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: coeng³
  - Yale: cheung
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng³
  - Guangdong Romanization: cêng³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰœːŋ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiòng
  - Tâi-lô: tshiòng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chioxng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiàng
  - Tâi-lô: tshiàng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chiaxng
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiaŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiaŋ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiùⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: tshiùnn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chviux
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiũ¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡sʰiũ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/

Note:

chhiòng/chhiàng - literary;
chhiùⁿ - vernacular.

Definitions

嗆

to irritate the respiratory organs, especially the nose (of smoke or odor)
(Taiwan) to shout at somebody; to speak out against somebody

Compounds

倒嗆／倒呛
嗆咳／呛咳 (qiàngké)
嗆啍／呛啍
嗆鼻／呛鼻
夠嗆／够呛 (gòuqiàng)

Etymology 2

trad.		嗆
simp.		呛
alternative forms		啜 Hokkien

Pronunciation

Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhngh / chhǹg / chhn̍gh

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhngh
  - Tâi-lô: tshngh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhngq
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰŋ̍ʔ³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰŋ̍ʔ⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhǹg
  - Tâi-lô: tshǹg
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhngx
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰŋ̍²¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhn̍gh
  - Tâi-lô: tshn̍gh
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhngh
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰŋ̍ʔ⁴/

Definitions

嗆

(Hokkien) to sniffle; to snuffle; to snort (especially outwards rather than inwards when the nose is stuffed)
嗆嗆吼／呛呛吼 [Hokkien] ― chhngh chhngh háu [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to sob sniffling
(Taiwanese Hokkien) to sob incessantly

Synonyms

edit

咧咧 (liēlie) (dialectal, of a child)
哭 (kū)
哭泣 (kūqì)
哭訴／哭诉 (kūsù) (to recount tearfully)
哭鼻子 (kū bízi) (chiefly Mandarin, colloquial, often humorous)
啜氣／啜气 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
啜泣 (chuòqì)
啼 (tí) (literary, or in compounds)
啼哭 (tíkū) (to cry loudly)
嗚咽／呜咽 (wūyè)
大哭 (dàkū) (to weep loudly)
忽喇 (hueh⁴ ci¹) (Jin)
抽咽 (chōuyè)
抽噎 (chōuyē)
抽搭 (chōuda) (colloquial)
抽泣 (chōuqì)
泣 (literary, or in compounds)
流淚／流泪 (liúlèi) (to shed tears)
流眼淚／流眼泪 (liú yǎnlèi) (to shed tears)
痛哭 (tòngkū) (to cry bitterly)
號哭／号哭 (háokū) (to wail)
號啕／号啕 (háotáo) (to cry loudly)
飲泣／饮泣 (yǐnqì) (literary, to weep in silence)

References

Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00659
“嗆”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

嗆

(Hyōgai kanji)

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Readings

On (unclassified): しょう (shō)、そう (sō)
Kun: ついばむ (tsuibamu)、むせる (museru)、つまる (tsumaru)

Korean

Hanja

嗆 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang)

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Vietnamese

Han character

嗆: Hán Nôm readings: sang

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