君

君 U+541B, 君 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-541B ← 吚 [U+541A] CJK Unified Ideographs 吜 → [U+541C]

君 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 尸大口 (SKR), four-corner 1760₇, composition ⿸尹口)

• 侰, 群, 裙, 郡, 捃, 珺, 桾, 宭, 窘, 𠧬, 𠹩, 𫘿, 𡝗, 䞫, 頵(𫖳), 覠(𰴙), 𦌺, 𠲰, 𭊝, 𢽏, 𫺔, 𬂁, 𣇉, 𬱌, 𩂿, 𨧡, 涒, 焄, 𤉙, 桾, 莙, 䇹, 𦀲, 𪣣, 峮, 㟒, 裠, 𧛬, 𬡝, 帬, 𢂽, 𢃆, 𬒽, 輑, 𰺈, 𢧃, 羣, 麏, 鮶(鲪), 鵘

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 177, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3323
• Dae Jaweon: page 394, character 15
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 595, character 6
• Unihan data for U+541B

simp. and trad.		君
alternative forms		𠺞 𠁈 𠱩 𠱭 𠱰

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *klun) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 尹 (OC *ɢʷlinʔ, “(hand holding a rod) to administer”) + semantic 口 (“mouth”). In the oracle bones and early Zhou bronze inscriptions, 君 (jūn) was often interchanged with 尹. Shuowen suggests that 口 represents commands, but it may simply be decorative.

Unknown. Here are several possibilities:

• Related to Old Mon kmin, kmun (“to exercise royal power; to be king; to reign”) (Schuessler, 2007);
• Related to 尹 (OC *ɢʷlinʔ, “director; governor”) and 元 (OC *ŋon, “head”) and cognate with Tibetan མགོན (mgon, “protector; master; lord”) (Mei Tsu-lin, 1985);
• The *k- prefixed derivative of 尹 (OC *ɢʷlinʔ, “to straighten; to administer”) (Baxter and Sagart, 1998); however, this is phonologically problematic (Schuessler, 2007).

The ACG sense is an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 君 (-kun), which is in turn from Chinese.

君

1. sovereign; monarch; ruler; chief; prince; lord

   一國之君／一国之君  ―  yīguó zhī jūn  ―  the ruler of a country

2. (historical) An honorific title: lord
3. (literary, honorific) you; your (referring to a male)
4. A polite form of address used among couples.
5. to dominate; to reign
6. (ACG, Internet slang) -kun
7. (ACG, Internet slang) Affectionate name suffix.

   字幕君  ―  zìmùjūn  ―  fansubber

8. a surname: Jun

• (you):

• (ACG) 桑 (sāng, “-san”), 醬／酱 (jiàng, “-chan”), 炭 (tàn, “-tan”), 樣／样 (yàng, “-sama”)

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

1. king, lord, ruler
2. person of high rank
3. form of address to fellow colleagues or inferiors

• Go-on: くん (kun, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: くん (kun, Jōyō)
• Kun: きみ (kimi, 君, Jōyō)
• Nanori: きん (kin)、すえ (sue)、なお (nao)、よし (yoshi)

Kanji in this term
君
きみ Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
公 (uncommon)

⟨ki₁mi₁⟩ → */kʲimʲi/ → /kimi/

From Old Japanese. Possibly a borrowing from the Sillan word for king, written with the character 今 (kum).^[1] The same morpheme survives in the second syllable of the Modern Korean word 임금 (imgeum).

• (Tokyo) きみ [kìmí] (Heiban – [0])^[2][3]
• IPA^(key): [kʲimʲi]

君(きみ) • (kimi) 

1. a ruler of a country
   1. an emperor

      Synonyms: 天子 (tenshi), 天皇 (tennō)

   2. a lord

   Antonym: 臣 (omi)

2. a master

   Synonyms: 主君 (shukun), 主人 (shujin)

3. a nobleman or other person of high(er) rank
4. (historical, archaic) a prostitute
5. (historical) one of the hereditary titles bestowed to local chiefs in ancient Japan

• 大(おお)君(きみ) (ōkimi)
• 君(きみ)が代(よ) (kimigayo)

君(きみ) or 君(キミ) • (kimi) 

1. (informal, chiefly men's speech) second-person personal pronoun: you, thou
   • 1086, Goshūi Wakashū (book 12, poem 669; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 50)

     君(きみ)がため惜(を)しからざりし命(いのち)さへ長(なが)くもがなと思(おも)ひけるかな

     kimi ga tama oshikarazarishi inochi sae nagaku mogana to omoikeru kana

     I thought I would give up my life to hold you in my arms, but after a night together, I find myself wishing that I could live for ever.^[4]

   • 2000 September 18, Inokuma, Shinobu, “ＰＡＲＴ(パート)１(いち)　雨(あめ)のち…”, in SALAD(サラダ) DAYS(デイズ), volume 11 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 110:

     俺(おれ)は別(べつ)にいいけど…キミ、学(がっ)校(こう)で「知(し)らない人(ひと)について行(い)っちゃダメ」とか、教(おそ)わんなかった？

     Ore wa betsu ni ii kedo… Kimi, gakkō de “shiranai hito ni tsuite itcha dame” to ka, osowan nakatta?

     Fine by me… But haven’t you been taught at school that “you shouldn’t go anywhere with strangers”?

   • 2005 November 9, Nobuhiro Watsuki, “武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン)ファイナル”, in 武(ブ)装(ソウ)錬(レン)金(キン), volume 9, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:

     来(く)るぞ　カズキ！手(て)を放(はな)すな！キミと私(わたし)は一(いっ)心(しん)同(どう)体(たい)　キミが死(し)ぬ時(とき)が私(わたし)が死(し)ぬ時(とき)だ！

     Kuru zo Kazuki! Te o hanasu na! Kimi to watashi wa isshin dōtai Kimi ga shinu toki ga watashi ga shinu toki da!

     Incoming, Kazuki! Don’t let go! You and me, together as one. When you die, I die!

   1. (after a が (ga) or の (no) particle) term of respect to another person

• When used in lyrics and poetry, this word is considered less colloquial and more poetic than in spoken language.

The kimi changes to gimi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

君(ぎみ) • (-gimi) 

1. indicates respect

   父(ちち)君(ぎみ)

   chichi-gimi

   your father

• There is no direct translation in English – as with other Japanese honorifics, it might roughly correspond to dear, as in “your dear father”.
• Respectful suffixes also serve to indicate whose relative is in question: rather than “my father” and “your father”, one would say 父 (chichi, “father”) and 父君 (chichi-gimi, “dear father”).
• Used of nobles. Attaches to close family relationship nouns such as 母 (haha, “mother”), 姉 (ane, “sister”), 姫 (hime, “daughter of a noble family, princess”).

Kanji in this term
君
くん Grade: 3
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 君 (MC kjun).

君(くん) • (-kun) 

1. suffix for boys' names
2. indicates respect
   • 1999 January 7, Kenshi Hirokane, “議その166　「決戦投票」”, in 加治隆介の議, volume 20 (fiction), Tōkyō: Kōdansha, →ISBN, page 43:

     発表致します　平原和正君　二五一票　鈴鹿宏君　二二七票　白票　二二票

     Happyō itashimasu Hirahara Kazumasa-kun nihyakugojūippō Suzuka Hiroshi-kun nihyakunijūnanahyō Hakuhyō nijūnihyō

     Announcement. Mr. Hirahara Kazumasa: 251 votes. Mr. Suzuka Hiroshi: 227 votes. Blanks: 22 votes.

3. indicates familiarity

-kun is often used as a suffix when calling someone. The listener is lower or the same level in social position and is often, but not always, male.

• → English: -kun
• → Chinese:

  → Mandarin: 君 (jūn)

Kanji in this term
君
きんじ Grade: 3

/kimud͡ʑi/ → /kind͡ʑi/

Shift from older きむぢ (kimudi → kimuji).^[5]

君(きんじ) • (kinji) ^{←きんぢ (kindi)?}

1. second person personal pronoun: you
   • 970–999, Utsubo Monogatari:
     (Fukiage, ge)^[6]

     きんぢ、この手を傳へ施す物ならば、この世になからん世なりとも、訪ひ守らん。

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 970–999, Utsubo Monogatari:
     (Kurabiraki, jō)^[7]

     「[...] ある時は「きんぢがつたなく吾を人気なくハ生み出したる」とさへぞの給フや」

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 970–999, Utsubo Monogatari:
     (Kuniyuzuri, jō)^[8]

     喜びて、見給ヒて、聲を放ちて「我が親の今々とし給ひしまで「我はきんぢを思ふにぞ黄泉もえ往くまじき。[...]」」

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

• あなた (anata)
• 汝(なむち) (namuchi), 汝(なんじ) (nanji)
• 御(お)前(まえ) (omae)

From Middle Chinese 君 (MC kjun).

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kun]
• Phonetic hangul: [군]

Wikisource

君 (eumhun 임금 군 (imgeum gun))

1. hanja form^? of 군 (“sovereign”)
2. hanja form^? of 군 (“young man; young sir”)

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

君: Hán Nôm readings: quân, vua

1. sovereign, monarch, ruler, chief, prince

• Nom Foundation