南蛮

From Middle Chinese compound 南蠻 (nom mæn, “southern barbarian”). Compare modern Mandarin 南蠻／南蛮 (Nánmán).

In Japan, this originally referred to the inhabitants of Southeast Asia, particularly the islands of modern-day Philippines and Indonesia. When the Portuguese and Spanish first made contact in Japan, they came from their colonies in Southeast Asia, and were consequently given the same label of nanban. This usage was initially distinct from the separate label 紅毛 (kōmō, “red hair”) used for the Dutch. Over time, this distinction became less important, and the term nanban was used to refer to westerners in general.^[1][2] See also 蛮人(ばんじん) (banjin), 蕃人(ばんじん) (banjin), Hokkien 番人 (hoan-lâng), Hokkien 番仔 (hoan-á), Mandarin 番子 (fānzi), Mandarin 蠻人 / 蛮人 (mánrén), Mandarin 蠻子 / 蛮子 (mánzi).

• (Tokyo) なんばん [nàńbáń] (Heiban – [0])^[2][3][4]
• IPA^(key): [nã̠mbã̠ɴ]

南(なん)蛮(ばん) • (nanban) 

1. (derogatory, archaic) a foreigner from Portugal or Spain; more broadly, a westerner in general
2. (in Japan from the mid-1400s) the inhabitants of Southeast Asia, particularly the islands of Luzon and Java in the modern-day Philippines and Indonesia
3. (in ancient China) the non-Chinese ethnic groups to China's south
4. (in the ancient Baekje kingdom of the Korean peninsula) the island of Jeju to the south
5. a type of movement in kabuki, bunraku, and Japanese dance where the performer mirrors left and right (based on a common myth that westerners walked differently somehow)
6. Short for 南蛮辛子 (nanban-garashi):

   Synonym: 唐辛子 (tōgarashi)

7. Short for 南蛮黍 (nanban kibi):

   Synonym: 玉蜀黍 (tōmorokoshi)

8. a general term for styles of cooking that use leeks, chilis, and oil
9. Short for 南蛮煮 (nanban ni): a soup or stew dish cooked with leeks
10. Short for 南蛮船 (nanbansen): a sailing ship from Spain or Portugal (in the Muromachi and Edo periods)

南(なん)蛮(ばん) • (nanban-) 

1. from the west, from Europe

• (China, Baekje): 南(なん)夷(い) (nan'i)

Sound shift from nanban above.^[1][2]

/nanban/ > /nanba/

• (Tokyo) なんば [nàńbá] (Heiban – [0])^[2][3][4]
• IPA^(key): [nã̠mba̠]

南蛮(なんば) • (nanba) 

1. a type of movement in kabuki, bunraku, and Japanese dance where the performer mirrors left and right (based on a common myth that westerners walked differently somehow)
2. Short for 南蛮鉄 (nanban tetsu): refined steel imported from abroad, mainly sourced from Europeans
3. a leek
4. 難波: a dish made using leeks