यवन

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Hindi

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Sanskrit यवन (yavana), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀬𑁄𑀦 (yona), from Old Persian 𐎹𐎢𐎴 (y-u-n /⁠yauna⁠/), from Ancient Greek Ἴων (Íōn). Doublet of यूनान (yūnān).

Pronunciation

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  • (Delhi) IPA(key): /jə.ʋən/, [jɐ.ʋɐ̃n]

Noun

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यवन (yavanm (feminine यवनी, Urdu spelling یون) (rare)

  1. foreigner
    Synonyms: परदेसी (pardesī), विदेशी (videśī)
    1. a Greek
      Synonym: यूनानी (yūnānī)
    2. an Arab, a Muslim
      Synonym: अरब (arab)
    3. a European
      Synonym: यूरोपीय (yūropīya)

Declension

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Sanskrit

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Alternative scripts

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀬𑁄𑀦 (yona), borrowed from Old Persian 𐎹𐎢𐎴 (y-u-n /⁠yauna⁠/), ultimately from Ancient Greek Ἴων (Íōn, an Ionian). See also म्लेच्छ (mleccha, non-Aryan, barbarian).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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यवन (yavana) stemm

  1. a foreigner, an outsider not part of the four-tiers of varna
    1. a Greek, Ionian
      यवनेश्वरyavaneśvaraking of the Greeks
    2. Bactrian
    3. Scythians
      • c. 500 BCE – 100 BCE, Rāmāyaṇa 1.54.20b, 21a:
        विश्वामित्र अर्दितान् दृष्ट्वा पह्लवान् शतशः तदा ॥
        भूय एव असृजत् घोरान् शकान् यवन मिश्रितान् ।
        viśvāmitra arditān dṛṣṭvā pahlavān śataśaḥ tadā.
        bhūya eva asṛjat ghorān śakān yavana miśritān.
        • 2002 translation by Desiraju Hanumanta Rao
          On seeing the subdual of hundreds of Pahlava-s by Vishvamitra, then the Sacred Cow again generated deadly Shaka-s hobnobbed with Yavana-s through her mooing 'hums'.
    4. Arab, Muslim
    5. (Late Sanskrit) a European

Declension

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Masculine a-stem declension of यवन
Nom. sg. यवनः (yavanaḥ)
Gen. sg. यवनस्य (yavanasya)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative यवनः (yavanaḥ) यवनौ (yavanau) यवनाः (yavanāḥ)
Vocative यवन (yavana) यवनौ (yavanau) यवनाः (yavanāḥ)
Accusative यवनम् (yavanam) यवनौ (yavanau) यवनान् (yavanān)
Instrumental यवनेन (yavanena) यवनाभ्याम् (yavanābhyām) यवनैः (yavanaiḥ)
Dative यवनाय (yavanāya) यवनाभ्याम् (yavanābhyām) यवनेभ्यः (yavanebhyaḥ)
Ablative यवनात् (yavanāt) यवनाभ्याम् (yavanābhyām) यवनेभ्यः (yavanebhyaḥ)
Genitive यवनस्य (yavanasya) यवनयोः (yavanayoḥ) यवनानाम् (yavanānām)
Locative यवने (yavane) यवनयोः (yavanayoḥ) यवनेषु (yavaneṣu)

Descendants

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  • Bengali: যবন (jobon) (learned)
  • Hindustani: (learned)
    Hindi: यवन (yavan)
    Urdu: یَوَن (yavan)
  • Middle Chinese: 耶槃那 (MC yae ban na)
  • Tamil: யவனர் (yavaṉar) (learned)
  • Thai: ยวน (yuuan)

References

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