حور
Appearance
Arabic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]- From the root ح و ر (ḥ-w-r).
- The Arabic term for the poplar is probably borrowed from Classical Syriac ܚܘܪܐ (ḥawwərā), considering that
- the range of distribution of the white poplar is outside Arabia, but inside the Aramaic language area
- the Syriac root as well as this Syriac word are in broader use for terms related to whiteness in general and in botanical application
- the Arabic has multiple vocalizations, ḥawwar, ḥawar, hawr (dialectally also ḥōr and ḥūr), of which ḥawwar sounds foreign for a plant name
- But the insinuation by Alexander Borg 2007 that every Arabic word in this root denoting whiteness is a “substratal reflex” from Aramaic is to be dismissed. Such a separation is not conceivable: The Arabic root means in as much “contrasting white” as it means “returning”, “changing one’s position or state”. In the same section Borg fails to earmark يَرَقَان (yaraqān, “blight; jaundice”) as Aramaic-borrowed or to outline any causally plausible chronology of color expressions.
Verb
[edit]حَوِرَ • (ḥawira) I (non-past يَحْوَرُ (yaḥwaru), verbal noun حَوَر (ḥawar))
- to be intensely white
Conjugation
[edit] Conjugation of حَوِرَ (I, sound, i ~ a, no passive, verbal noun حَوَر)
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
حَوَر ḥawar | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
أَحْوَر ʔaḥwar | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | حَوِرْتُ ḥawirtu |
حَوِرْتَ ḥawirta |
حَوِرَ ḥawira |
حَوِرْتُمَا ḥawirtumā |
حَوِرَا ḥawirā |
حَوِرْنَا ḥawirnā |
حَوِرْتُمْ ḥawirtum |
حَوِرُوا ḥawirū | |||
f | حَوِرْتِ ḥawirti |
حَوِرَتْ ḥawirat |
حَوِرَتَا ḥawiratā |
حَوِرْتُنَّ ḥawirtunna |
حَوِرْنَ ḥawirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أَحْوَرُ ʔaḥwaru |
تَحْوَرُ taḥwaru |
يَحْوَرُ yaḥwaru |
تَحْوَرَانِ taḥwarāni |
يَحْوَرَانِ yaḥwarāni |
نَحْوَرُ naḥwaru |
تَحْوَرُونَ taḥwarūna |
يَحْوَرُونَ yaḥwarūna | |||
f | تَحْوَرِينَ taḥwarīna |
تَحْوَرُ taḥwaru |
تَحْوَرَانِ taḥwarāni |
تَحْوَرْنَ taḥwarna |
يَحْوَرْنَ yaḥwarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أَحْوَرَ ʔaḥwara |
تَحْوَرَ taḥwara |
يَحْوَرَ yaḥwara |
تَحْوَرَا taḥwarā |
يَحْوَرَا yaḥwarā |
نَحْوَرَ naḥwara |
تَحْوَرُوا taḥwarū |
يَحْوَرُوا yaḥwarū | |||
f | تَحْوَرِي taḥwarī |
تَحْوَرَ taḥwara |
تَحْوَرَا taḥwarā |
تَحْوَرْنَ taḥwarna |
يَحْوَرْنَ yaḥwarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أَحْوَرْ ʔaḥwar |
تَحْوَرْ taḥwar |
يَحْوَرْ yaḥwar |
تَحْوَرَا taḥwarā |
يَحْوَرَا yaḥwarā |
نَحْوَرْ naḥwar |
تَحْوَرُوا taḥwarū |
يَحْوَرُوا yaḥwarū | |||
f | تَحْوَرِي taḥwarī |
تَحْوَرْ taḥwar |
تَحْوَرَا taḥwarā |
تَحْوَرْنَ taḥwarna |
يَحْوَرْنَ yaḥwarna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | اِحْوَرْ iḥwar |
اِحْوَرَا iḥwarā |
اِحْوَرُوا iḥwarū |
||||||||
f | اِحْوَرِي iḥwarī |
اِحْوَرْنَ iḥwarna |
Verb
[edit]حَوَّرَ • (ḥawwara) II (non-past يُحَوِّرُ (yuḥawwiru), verbal noun تَحْوِير (taḥwīr))
Conjugation
[edit] Conjugation of حَوَّرَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَحْوِير)
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
تَحْوِير taḥwīr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
مُحَوِّر muḥawwir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مُحَوَّر muḥawwar | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | حَوَّرْتُ ḥawwartu |
حَوَّرْتَ ḥawwarta |
حَوَّرَ ḥawwara |
حَوَّرْتُمَا ḥawwartumā |
حَوَّرَا ḥawwarā |
حَوَّرْنَا ḥawwarnā |
حَوَّرْتُمْ ḥawwartum |
حَوَّرُوا ḥawwarū | |||
f | حَوَّرْتِ ḥawwarti |
حَوَّرَتْ ḥawwarat |
حَوَّرَتَا ḥawwaratā |
حَوَّرْتُنَّ ḥawwartunna |
حَوَّرْنَ ḥawwarna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُحَوِّرُ ʔuḥawwiru |
تُحَوِّرُ tuḥawwiru |
يُحَوِّرُ yuḥawwiru |
تُحَوِّرَانِ tuḥawwirāni |
يُحَوِّرَانِ yuḥawwirāni |
نُحَوِّرُ nuḥawwiru |
تُحَوِّرُونَ tuḥawwirūna |
يُحَوِّرُونَ yuḥawwirūna | |||
f | تُحَوِّرِينَ tuḥawwirīna |
تُحَوِّرُ tuḥawwiru |
تُحَوِّرَانِ tuḥawwirāni |
تُحَوِّرْنَ tuḥawwirna |
يُحَوِّرْنَ yuḥawwirna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُحَوِّرَ ʔuḥawwira |
تُحَوِّرَ tuḥawwira |
يُحَوِّرَ yuḥawwira |
تُحَوِّرَا tuḥawwirā |
يُحَوِّرَا yuḥawwirā |
نُحَوِّرَ nuḥawwira |
تُحَوِّرُوا tuḥawwirū |
يُحَوِّرُوا yuḥawwirū | |||
f | تُحَوِّرِي tuḥawwirī |
تُحَوِّرَ tuḥawwira |
تُحَوِّرَا tuḥawwirā |
تُحَوِّرْنَ tuḥawwirna |
يُحَوِّرْنَ yuḥawwirna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُحَوِّرْ ʔuḥawwir |
تُحَوِّرْ tuḥawwir |
يُحَوِّرْ yuḥawwir |
تُحَوِّرَا tuḥawwirā |
يُحَوِّرَا yuḥawwirā |
نُحَوِّرْ nuḥawwir |
تُحَوِّرُوا tuḥawwirū |
يُحَوِّرُوا yuḥawwirū | |||
f | تُحَوِّرِي tuḥawwirī |
تُحَوِّرْ tuḥawwir |
تُحَوِّرَا tuḥawwirā |
تُحَوِّرْنَ tuḥawwirna |
يُحَوِّرْنَ yuḥawwirna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | حَوِّرْ ḥawwir |
حَوِّرَا ḥawwirā |
حَوِّرُوا ḥawwirū |
||||||||
f | حَوِّرِي ḥawwirī |
حَوِّرْنَ ḥawwirna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | حُوِّرْتُ ḥuwwirtu |
حُوِّرْتَ ḥuwwirta |
حُوِّرَ ḥuwwira |
حُوِّرْتُمَا ḥuwwirtumā |
حُوِّرَا ḥuwwirā |
حُوِّرْنَا ḥuwwirnā |
حُوِّرْتُمْ ḥuwwirtum |
حُوِّرُوا ḥuwwirū | |||
f | حُوِّرْتِ ḥuwwirti |
حُوِّرَتْ ḥuwwirat |
حُوِّرَتَا ḥuwwiratā |
حُوِّرْتُنَّ ḥuwwirtunna |
حُوِّرْنَ ḥuwwirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُحَوَّرُ ʔuḥawwaru |
تُحَوَّرُ tuḥawwaru |
يُحَوَّرُ yuḥawwaru |
تُحَوَّرَانِ tuḥawwarāni |
يُحَوَّرَانِ yuḥawwarāni |
نُحَوَّرُ nuḥawwaru |
تُحَوَّرُونَ tuḥawwarūna |
يُحَوَّرُونَ yuḥawwarūna | |||
f | تُحَوَّرِينَ tuḥawwarīna |
تُحَوَّرُ tuḥawwaru |
تُحَوَّرَانِ tuḥawwarāni |
تُحَوَّرْنَ tuḥawwarna |
يُحَوَّرْنَ yuḥawwarna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُحَوَّرَ ʔuḥawwara |
تُحَوَّرَ tuḥawwara |
يُحَوَّرَ yuḥawwara |
تُحَوَّرَا tuḥawwarā |
يُحَوَّرَا yuḥawwarā |
نُحَوَّرَ nuḥawwara |
تُحَوَّرُوا tuḥawwarū |
يُحَوَّرُوا yuḥawwarū | |||
f | تُحَوَّرِي tuḥawwarī |
تُحَوَّرَ tuḥawwara |
تُحَوَّرَا tuḥawwarā |
تُحَوَّرْنَ tuḥawwarna |
يُحَوَّرْنَ yuḥawwarna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُحَوَّرْ ʔuḥawwar |
تُحَوَّرْ tuḥawwar |
يُحَوَّرْ yuḥawwar |
تُحَوَّرَا tuḥawwarā |
يُحَوَّرَا yuḥawwarā |
نُحَوَّرْ nuḥawwar |
تُحَوَّرُوا tuḥawwarū |
يُحَوَّرُوا yuḥawwarū | |||
f | تُحَوَّرِي tuḥawwarī |
تُحَوَّرْ tuḥawwar |
تُحَوَّرَا tuḥawwarā |
تُحَوَّرْنَ tuḥawwarna |
يُحَوَّرْنَ yuḥawwarna |
Noun
[edit]حَوْر • (ḥawr) m
- verbal noun of حَارَ (ḥāra) (form I)
Declension
[edit]Declension of noun حَوْر (ḥawr)
Noun
[edit]حَوَر • (ḥawar) m
- verbal noun of حَوِرَ (ḥawira) (form I)
- intense whiteness
Declension
[edit]Declension of noun حَوَر (ḥawar)
Noun
[edit]حَوَّر or حَوَر or حَوْر • (ḥawwar or ḥawar or ḥawr) m
Declension
[edit]Declension of noun حَوَّر (ḥawwar); حَوَر (ḥawar); حَوْر (ḥawr)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | حَوَّر; حَوَر; حَوْر ḥawwar; ḥawar; ḥawr |
الْحَوَّر; الْحَوَر; الْحَوْر al-ḥawwar; al-ḥawar; al-ḥawr |
حَوَّر; حَوَر; حَوْر ḥawwar; ḥawar; ḥawr |
Nominative | حَوَّرٌ; حَوَرٌ; حَوْرٌ ḥawwarun; ḥawarun; ḥawrun |
الْحَوَّرُ; الْحَوَرُ; الْحَوْرُ al-ḥawwaru; al-ḥawaru; al-ḥawru |
حَوَّرُ; حَوَرُ; حَوْرُ ḥawwaru; ḥawaru; ḥawru |
Accusative | حَوَّرًا; حَوَرًا; حَوْرًا ḥawwaran; ḥawaran; ḥawran |
الْحَوَّرَ; الْحَوَرَ; الْحَوْرَ al-ḥawwara; al-ḥawara; al-ḥawra |
حَوَّرَ; حَوَرَ; حَوْرَ ḥawwara; ḥawara; ḥawra |
Genitive | حَوَّرٍ; حَوَرٍ; حَوْرٍ ḥawwarin; ḥawarin; ḥawrin |
الْحَوَّرِ; الْحَوَرِ; الْحَوْرِ al-ḥawwari; al-ḥawari; al-ḥawri |
حَوَّرِ; حَوَرِ; حَوْرِ ḥawwari; ḥawari; ḥawri |
Descendants
[edit]- → Middle Armenian: հավր (havr, “white poplar”)
Further reading
[edit]- حور (نبات) on the Arabic Wikipedia.Wikipedia ar
Noun
[edit]حَوَر • (ḥawar) m (collective, singulative حَوَرَة f (ḥawara), plural حَوَرَان (ḥawarān) or حُورَان (ḥūrān) or أَحْوَار (ʔaḥwār))
Declension
[edit]Declension of noun حَوَر (ḥawar)
Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | حَوَر ḥawar |
الْحَوَر al-ḥawar |
حَوَر ḥawar |
Nominative | حَوَرٌ ḥawarun |
الْحَوَرُ al-ḥawaru |
حَوَرُ ḥawaru |
Accusative | حَوَرًا ḥawaran |
الْحَوَرَ al-ḥawara |
حَوَرَ ḥawara |
Genitive | حَوَرٍ ḥawarin |
الْحَوَرِ al-ḥawari |
حَوَرِ ḥawari |
Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | حَوَرَة ḥawara |
الْحَوَرَة al-ḥawara |
حَوَرَة ḥawarat |
Nominative | حَوَرَةٌ ḥawaratun |
الْحَوَرَةُ al-ḥawaratu |
حَوَرَةُ ḥawaratu |
Accusative | حَوَرَةً ḥawaratan |
الْحَوَرَةَ al-ḥawarata |
حَوَرَةَ ḥawarata |
Genitive | حَوَرَةٍ ḥawaratin |
الْحَوَرَةِ al-ḥawarati |
حَوَرَةِ ḥawarati |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | حَوَرَتَيْن ḥawaratayn |
الْحَوَرَتَيْن al-ḥawaratayn |
حَوَرَتَيْ ḥawaratay |
Nominative | حَوَرَتَانِ ḥawaratāni |
الْحَوَرَتَانِ al-ḥawaratāni |
حَوَرَتَا ḥawaratā |
Accusative | حَوَرَتَيْنِ ḥawaratayni |
الْحَوَرَتَيْنِ al-ḥawaratayni |
حَوَرَتَيْ ḥawaratay |
Genitive | حَوَرَتَيْنِ ḥawaratayni |
الْحَوَرَتَيْنِ al-ḥawaratayni |
حَوَرَتَيْ ḥawaratay |
Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | حَوَرَات ḥawarāt |
الْحَوَرَات al-ḥawarāt |
حَوَرَات ḥawarāt |
Nominative | حَوَرَاتٌ ḥawarātun |
الْحَوَرَاتُ al-ḥawarātu |
حَوَرَاتُ ḥawarātu |
Accusative | حَوَرَاتٍ ḥawarātin |
الْحَوَرَاتِ al-ḥawarāti |
حَوَرَاتِ ḥawarāti |
Genitive | حَوَرَاتٍ ḥawarātin |
الْحَوَرَاتِ al-ḥawarāti |
حَوَرَاتِ ḥawarāti |
Plural of variety | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | حَوَرَان; حُورَان; أَحْوَار ḥawarān; ḥūrān; ʔaḥwār |
الْحَوَرَان; الْحُورَان; الْأَحْوَار al-ḥawarān; al-ḥūrān; al-ʔaḥwār |
حَوَرَان; حُورَان; أَحْوَار ḥawarān; ḥūrān; ʔaḥwār |
Nominative | حَوَرَانٌ; حُورَانٌ; أَحْوَارٌ ḥawarānun; ḥūrānun; ʔaḥwārun |
الْحَوَرَانُ; الْحُورَانُ; الْأَحْوَارُ al-ḥawarānu; al-ḥūrānu; al-ʔaḥwāru |
حَوَرَانُ; حُورَانُ; أَحْوَارُ ḥawarānu; ḥūrānu; ʔaḥwāru |
Accusative | حَوَرَانًا; حُورَانًا; أَحْوَارًا ḥawarānan; ḥūrānan; ʔaḥwāran |
الْحَوَرَانَ; الْحُورَانَ; الْأَحْوَارَ al-ḥawarāna; al-ḥūrāna; al-ʔaḥwāra |
حَوَرَانَ; حُورَانَ; أَحْوَارَ ḥawarāna; ḥūrāna; ʔaḥwāra |
Genitive | حَوَرَانٍ; حُورَانٍ; أَحْوَارٍ ḥawarānin; ḥūrānin; ʔaḥwārin |
الْحَوَرَانِ; الْحُورَانِ; الْأَحْوَارِ al-ḥawarāni; al-ḥūrāni; al-ʔaḥwāri |
حَوَرَانِ; حُورَانِ; أَحْوَارِ ḥawarāni; ḥūrāni; ʔaḥwāri |
Adjective
[edit]حُور • (ḥūr) m pl
Descendants
[edit]- → Classical Persian: حور (hur)
Urdu
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian حُور (hūr, “houri”), from Arabic حُور (ḥūr).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ɦuːɾ/
- Rhymes: -uːɾ
Noun
[edit]حور • (hūr) f (Hindi spelling हूर)
- (Islam) houri, a beautiful virgin-nymph that resides in Paradise, a reward exclusively for Muslim believers
- (by extension) an incredibly beautiful woman
Derived terms
[edit]- حُور وَش (hūr-vaś, “beautiful”, literally “houri-like”)
- حُورانِ بَہِشْت (hūrān-e-bahiśt, “virgins of Paradise”)
- حُورانِ بَہِشْتی (hūrān-e-bahiśtī, “celestial virgins”)
See also
[edit]- پری (parī)
References
[edit]- “حور”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “حور”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
- Platts, John T. (1884) “حور”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
- “حور”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
- “ḥwr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- “ḥwr2”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Borg, Alexander (2007) Robert E. MacLaury, Galina V. Paramei, Don Dedrick, editors, Towards a history and typology of color categorization in colloquial Arabic, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing, →ISBN, pages 269–271
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 32
- Freytag, Georg (1830) “حور”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[1] (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 439–440
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “حور”, in Arabic-English Lexicon[2], London: Williams & Norgate, page 665
- Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden[3] (in German), volume 3, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 322–340
- Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “حور”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart[4] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 302
Categories:
- Arabic terms belonging to the root ح و ر
- Arabic terms borrowed from Classical Syriac
- Arabic terms derived from Classical Syriac
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs
- Arabic sound form-I verbs
- Arabic form-I verbs with و as second radical
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- Arabic sound form-II verbs
- Arabic form-II verbs with و as second radical
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- ar:Willows and poplars
- ar:Woods
- Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian
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- Rhymes:Urdu/uːɾ
- Rhymes:Urdu/uːɾ/1 syllable
- Urdu lemmas
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- ur:Islam