.y
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
See also: y and Appendix:Variations of "y"
Egyptian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /ʔiː/
- Conventional anglicization: .y
Pronoun
[edit] |
c pl 3. stative ending
Inflection
[edit]Old Egyptian personal pronouns
number | first person | second person | third person | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||
suffix pronouns | singular | ∅, .j |
.k, .kj1 |
.ṯ, .ṯn |
.f, .fj1 |
.s, .sj1 |
dual | .nj |
.ṯnj |
.snj | |||
plural | .n |
.ṯn |
.sn | |||
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns | singular | w, wj, wy |
kw, k, ṯw, ṯ |
ṯm, ṯn |
sw, s |
s |
dual | — |
ṯnj |
snj | |||
plural | n |
ṯn |
sn | |||
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns | singular | jnk |
ṯwt |
ṯmt |
swt |
stt |
dual | — |
— |
ntsnj | |||
plural | — |
ntṯn |
ntsn, jntsn | |||
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings | singular | .kj, .k |
.tj, .t |
∅, .j |
.tj, .t | |
dual | — | .tjwn |
.wy, .wj |
.ty | ||
plural | .wn, .nw |
∅, .w, .y, .wy |
.tj, .t | |||
|
Middle Egyptian personal pronouns
number | first person | second person | third person | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||
suffix pronouns | singular | ∅, .j |
.k, .kj1 |
.ṯ, .t |
.f, .fj1 |
.s, .sj1 |
dual2 | .nj |
.ṯnj, .tnj |
.snj | |||
plural | .n |
.ṯn, .tn |
.sn, .w3 | |||
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns | singular | wj, w |
ṯw, tw |
ṯn, tn |
sw, st |
sj, s, st |
plural | n |
ṯn, tn |
sn, st | |||
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns | singular | jnk |
ntk, ṯwt2 |
ntṯ, ntt, ṯwt2 |
ntf, swt2 |
nts, swt2 |
plural | jnn3 |
ntṯn, nttn |
ntsn | |||
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings | singular | .kw |
.tj, .t, .tw3 |
∅, .w |
.tj, .t, .tw3 | |
plural | .wn, .wjn |
.tjwn, .tjwnj |
∅, .w, .y | |||
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns3 | singular | tw.j |
tw.k |
tw.t |
sw |
sj, st |
plural | tw.n |
tw.tn |
st | |||
|
Late Egyptian personal pronouns
number | first person | second person | third person | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | |||
suffix pronouns | singular | ∅, .j |
.k, .kw |
.t |
.f, .fj |
.s, .st, .sw |
plural | .n |
.tn, .twn |
.w, .sn1 | |||
enclitic (‘dependent’) pronouns1 | singular | wj |
tw, tj |
sw, st | ||
plural | n, wn |
twn |
sn, st | |||
stressed (‘independent’) pronouns | singular | jnk |
mntk, mtwk |
mntt, mtwy |
mntf |
mntst, mntjst |
plural | jnn |
mnttn |
mntw | |||
stative (‘pseudoparticiple’) endings1 | singular | .kw, .k |
.tj, .tw |
∅, .w, .y |
.tj, .tw | |
plural | .nw |
.tn |
∅, .w, .y | |||
unmarked (later) | ∅, .tw | |||||
proclitic (‘subject form’) pronouns | singular | tw.j |
tw.k |
tw.t |
sw |
st, sw |
plural | tw.n |
tw.tn |
st, sw, swt | |||
|
Alternative forms
[edit]Likely this a variant form of the stative endings .w or .wy or both; see .w for alternative forms.
In Old Egyptian, .w/.y and its variants were used for the masculine plural, while .tj and its variants were used for the feminine plural. By Middle Egyptian, .w/.y had taken on both roles, making plural .tj rare.
In Late Egyptian this form (.y) was also used for the masculine singular.
References
[edit]- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 206.
- Edel, Elmar (1955-1964) Altägyptische Grammatik, Rome: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum
- Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page 82