-ula

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Translingual

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Etymology

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From Latin -ula. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *-ilaz, whence no longer productive English -le (as in dimple and nozzle), Dutch -el, German -el.

Suffix

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-ula

  1. Used to form taxonomic names, usually of genera; small-.

Derived terms

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  • See -ula at Wikispecies.

English

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Etymology

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    Borrowed from Latin -ula.[1] Doublet of -ule.

    Suffix

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    -ula

    1. Forming diminutive nouns.
      marimba + ‎-ula → ‎marimbula
      ameba + ‎-ula → ‎amebula

    Usage notes

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    • The suffix is not very productive in English and most common in words directly borrowed from Latin.

    Derived terms

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    References

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    1. ^ -ula, suffix”, in OED Online Paid subscription required, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

    Finnish

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    Etymology

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    -u +‎ -la

    Suffix

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    -ula (front vowel harmony variant -ylä, linguistic notation -UlA)

    1. Forms diminutive nouns.

    Usage notes

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    • The suffix is productive. See, for instance, vempula.

    Declension

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    Inflection of -ula (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation)
    nominative -ula -ulat
    genitive -ulan -uloiden
    -uloitten
    partitive -ulaa -uloita
    illative -ulaan -uloihin
    singular plural
    nominative -ula -ulat
    accusative nom. -ula -ulat
    gen. -ulan
    genitive -ulan -uloiden
    -uloitten
    -ulain rare
    partitive -ulaa -uloita
    inessive -ulassa -uloissa
    elative -ulasta -uloista
    illative -ulaan -uloihin
    adessive -ulalla -uloilla
    ablative -ulalta -uloilta
    allative -ulalle -uloille
    essive -ulana -uloina
    translative -ulaksi -uloiksi
    abessive -ulatta -uloitta
    instructive -uloin
    comitative See the possessive forms below.
    Possessive forms of -ula (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation)
    first-person singular possessor
    singular plural
    nominative -ulani -ulani
    accusative nom. -ulani -ulani
    gen. -ulani
    genitive -ulani -uloideni
    -uloitteni
    -ulaini rare
    partitive -ulaani -uloitani
    inessive -ulassani -uloissani
    elative -ulastani -uloistani
    illative -ulaani -uloihini
    adessive -ulallani -uloillani
    ablative -ulaltani -uloiltani
    allative -ulalleni -uloilleni
    essive -ulanani -uloinani
    translative -ulakseni -uloikseni
    abessive -ulattani -uloittani
    instructive
    comitative -uloineni
    second-person singular possessor
    singular plural
    nominative -ulasi -ulasi
    accusative nom. -ulasi -ulasi
    gen. -ulasi
    genitive -ulasi -uloidesi
    -uloittesi
    -ulaisi rare
    partitive -ulaasi -uloitasi
    inessive -ulassasi -uloissasi
    elative -ulastasi -uloistasi
    illative -ulaasi -uloihisi
    adessive -ulallasi -uloillasi
    ablative -ulaltasi -uloiltasi
    allative -ulallesi -uloillesi
    essive -ulanasi -uloinasi
    translative -ulaksesi -uloiksesi
    abessive -ulattasi -uloittasi
    instructive
    comitative -uloinesi
    first-person plural possessor
    singular plural
    nominative -ulamme -ulamme
    accusative nom. -ulamme -ulamme
    gen. -ulamme
    genitive -ulamme -uloidemme
    -uloittemme
    -ulaimme rare
    partitive -ulaamme -uloitamme
    inessive -ulassamme -uloissamme
    elative -ulastamme -uloistamme
    illative -ulaamme -uloihimme
    adessive -ulallamme -uloillamme
    ablative -ulaltamme -uloiltamme
    allative -ulallemme -uloillemme
    essive -ulanamme -uloinamme
    translative -ulaksemme -uloiksemme
    abessive -ulattamme -uloittamme
    instructive
    comitative -uloinemme
    second-person plural possessor
    singular plural
    nominative -ulanne -ulanne
    accusative nom. -ulanne -ulanne
    gen. -ulanne
    genitive -ulanne -uloidenne
    -uloittenne
    -ulainne rare
    partitive -ulaanne -uloitanne
    inessive -ulassanne -uloissanne
    elative -ulastanne -uloistanne
    illative -ulaanne -uloihinne
    adessive -ulallanne -uloillanne
    ablative -ulaltanne -uloiltanne
    allative -ulallenne -uloillenne
    essive -ulananne -uloinanne
    translative -ulaksenne -uloiksenne
    abessive -ulattanne -uloittanne
    instructive
    comitative -uloinenne
    third-person possessor
    singular plural
    nominative -ulansa -ulansa
    accusative nom. -ulansa -ulansa
    gen. -ulansa
    genitive -ulansa -uloidensa
    -uloittensa
    -ulainsa rare
    partitive -ulaansa -uloitaan
    -uloitansa
    inessive -ulassaan
    -ulassansa
    -uloissaan
    -uloissansa
    elative -ulastaan
    -ulastansa
    -uloistaan
    -uloistansa
    illative -ulaansa -uloihinsa
    adessive -ulallaan
    -ulallansa
    -uloillaan
    -uloillansa
    ablative -ulaltaan
    -ulaltansa
    -uloiltaan
    -uloiltansa
    allative -ulalleen
    -ulallensa
    -uloilleen
    -uloillensa
    essive -ulanaan
    -ulanansa
    -uloinaan
    -uloinansa
    translative -ulakseen
    -ulaksensa
    -uloikseen
    -uloiksensa
    abessive -ulattaan
    -ulattansa
    -uloittaan
    -uloittansa
    instructive
    comitative -uloineen
    -uloinensa

    Derived terms

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    Latin

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    Etymology 1

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    Probably from Proto-Indo-European *-tlom, *-dʰlom, suffix forming instrumental nouns, with simplification of the suffix-initial stop when it came after another stop. However, the details of the development are debated.

    Alternatively, related to the suffix -ulus used to form some deverbal agent nouns such as gerulus, gerula.[2]

    Compare instrument nouns in -ulum.

    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    -ula f (genitive -ulae); first declension

    1. Noun suffix denoting instrument.
      regō + ‎-ula → ‎rēgula
      tegō + ‎-ula → ‎tēgula
    Declension
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    First-declension noun.

    Case Singular Plural
    Nominative -ula -ulae
    Genitive -ulae -ulārum
    Dative -ulae -ulīs
    Accusative -ulam -ulās
    Ablative -ulā -ulīs
    Vocative -ula -ulae
    Derived terms
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    Etymology 2

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      See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

      Pronunciation

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      Suffix

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      -ula

      1. inflection of -ulus:
        1. nominative/vocative feminine singular
        2. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

      Suffix

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      -ulā

      1. ablative feminine singular of -ulus

      References

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      1. ^ Nielsen, Benedicte (2004) “On Latin instrument-nouns in */-lo-/”, in James Clackson and Birgit Anette Olsen, editors, Indo-European Word Formation (Copenhagen Studies in Indo-European; 2), Museum Tusculanum Press, pages 189-213
      2. ^ Ranjan Sen (2015) Syllable and Segment in Latin, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, pages 131-132, 152-153

      Polish

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      Etymology

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      Compare Russian -у́ля (-úlja).

      (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): /ˈu.la/
      • Audio:(file)
      • Rhymes: -ula
      • Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]

      Suffix

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      -ula f

      1. forms feminine nouns, usually endearing
        baba + ‎-ula → ‎babula

      Declension

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      Derived terms

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      Further reading

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      • -ula in Polish dictionaries at PWN