turha

Unknown. Cognate with Ingrian turha.

• IPA^(key): /ˈturhɑ/, [ˈt̪urhɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -urhɑ
• Hyphenation^(key): tur‧ha

turha (comparative turhempi, superlative turhin)

1. futile, in vain (incapable of producing results)

   Synonyms: hyödytön, tulokseton, tarpeeton

   Hänen ponnistelunsa osoittautuivat turhaksi.

   His efforts proved futile.

   Työmme ei ollut turhaa.

   Our work was not in vain.

   • 1992, Timo Koivusalo (lyrics and music), “Kuurankukka”, in Joel Hallikainen, performed by Joel Hallikainen:

     Turhaa, aivan turhaa
     On jälkiänsä käydä seuraamaan

     (It's) futile, all too futile
     to start following one's own footsteps

2. pointless, useless, unnecessary, purposeless, needless (lacking purpose or need)

   Synonyms: tarpeeton, tarkoitukseton

   Hän aloitti kantansa perustelun, vaikka tiesikin sen turhaksi.

   He began backing up his opinion, although he knew it was pointless.

   Miten niin tämä on turha ostos?

   How is this an useless purchase?

   Jättämällä turhat lisävarusteet pois säästää rahaa.

   You can save money by leaving out unnecessary accessories.

3. unfounded, unjustified (lacking justification)

   Synonyms: aiheeton, perusteeton, tarpeeton

   Joukkue osoitti aiemmat epäilykset tasostaan turhiksi.

   The team proved that earlier doubts about their level were unfounded.

4. uncalled-for, unwarranted (not deserved or justified)

   Synonym: kohtuuton

   Tuo oli aivan turha kommentti.

   That comment was completely unwarranted.

• “turha”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

• rahtu

Of uncertain origin.

• IPA^(key): [ˈturɦɒ]
• Hyphenation: tur‧ha
• Rhymes: -hɒ

turha (plural turhák)

1. (slang) dense saliva mixed with phlegm or nasal mucus, sputum

   Synonym: slejm

   Ülök a buszon, erre mellettem a fazon az ülésre keni a turháját, majdnem összehánytam magam tőle. ― I'm sitting on the bus, when the dude next to me smears his sputum on the seat, I almost vomited because of him.

   • 1922, Zsigmond Móricz, chapter VII, in Tündérkert [Fairy Garden]‎^[2], Athenaeum:

     Csonka Bálint egy nagy turhát kiköpött, ennyi volt a reggeli tisztálkodása.

     Bálint Csonka expectorated a big sputum, that was his morning ablutions.

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	turha	turhák
accusative	turhát	turhákat
dative	turhának	turháknak
instrumental	turhával	turhákkal
causal-final	turháért	turhákért
translative	turhává	turhákká
terminative	turháig	turhákig
essive-formal	turhaként	turhákként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	turhában	turhákban
superessive	turhán	turhákon
adessive	turhánál	turháknál
illative	turhába	turhákba
sublative	turhára	turhákra
allative	turhához	turhákhoz
elative	turhából	turhákból
delative	turháról	turhákról
ablative	turhától	turháktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	turháé	turháké
non-attributive possessive - plural	turháéi	turhákéi

Possessive forms of turha
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	turhám	turháim
2nd person sing.	turhád	turháid
3rd person sing.	turhája	turhái
1st person plural	turhánk	turháink
2nd person plural	turhátok	turháitok
3rd person plural	turhájuk	turháik

• turha in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
• turha in Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2024.
• Pusztai, Ferenc (ed.). Magyar értelmező kéziszótár (“A Concise Explanatory Dictionary of Hungarian”). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2003. 2nd, expanded and revised edition →ISBN. Online searchable version (under development)
• turha in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (’Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’), Second, revised and expanded edition, Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2021, →ISBN. (See also the PDF of its 1st edition.)

Unknown. Cognate with Finnish turha.

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈturɑ/, [ˈturɑ]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈturhɑ/, [ˈturhɑ]
• Rhymes: -urɑ, -urhɑ
• Hyphenation: tur‧ha

turha (comparative turhemp)

1. useless
2. unnecessary

Declension of turha (type 3/koira, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	turha	turhat
genitive	turhan	turhiin
partitive	turhaa	turhia
illative	turhaa	turhii
inessive	turhaas	turhiis
elative	turhast	turhist
allative	turhalle	turhille
adessive	turhaal	turhiil
ablative	turhalt	turhilt
translative	turhaks	turhiks
essive	turhanna, turhaan	turhinna, turhiin
exessive1)	turhant	turhint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 609