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3-lit.
- to smash (heads), to split (wood) [since Middle Kingdom literature]
c. 1859 BCE – 1840 BCE,
The Story of Sinuhe, version B (pBerlin 3022 and pAmherst n-q) lines 55–56:
[1]- jꜥ ḥr pw tšꜣ wpwt nj ꜥḥꜥ.n.tw m hꜣw.f
- He is one who takes vengeance (literally, “one who washes the face”), one who smashes brows; one cannot stand in his vicinity.
Conjugation of tšꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: tšꜣ, geminated stem: tšꜣꜣ
| infinitival forms
|
imperative
|
| infinitive
|
negatival complement
|
complementary infinitive1
|
singular
|
plural
|
tšꜣ
|
tšꜣw, tšꜣ
|
tšꜣt
|
tšꜣ
|
tšꜣ
|
| ‘pseudoverbal’ forms
|
| stative stem
|
periphrastic imperfective2
|
periphrastic prospective2
|
tšꜣ
|
ḥr tšꜣ
|
m tšꜣ
|
r tšꜣ
|
| suffix conjugation
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
contingent
|
| aspect / mood
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
tšꜣ.n
|
tšꜣw, tšꜣ
|
consecutive
|
tšꜣ.jn
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| terminative
|
tšꜣt
|
| perfective3
|
tšꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
obligative1
|
tšꜣ.ḫr
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| imperfective
|
tšꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| prospective3
|
tšꜣ
|
tšꜣꜣ
|
potentialis1
|
tšꜣ.kꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| subjunctive
|
tšꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
| verbal adjectives
|
| aspect / mood
|
relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
|
participles
|
| active
|
passive
|
active
|
passive
|
| perfect
|
tšꜣ.n
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
—
|
—
|
| perfective
|
tšꜣ
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
tšꜣ
|
tšꜣ, tšꜣw5, tšꜣy5
|
| imperfective
|
tšꜣ, tšꜣy, tšꜣw5
|
active + .tj1, .tw2
|
tšꜣ, tšꜣj6, tšꜣy6
|
tšꜣ, tšꜣw5
|
| prospective
|
tšꜣ, tšꜣtj7
|
—
|
tšꜣtj4, tšꜣt4
|
- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
|
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of tšꜣ
- ^ Allen, James Peter (2015) Middle Egyptian Literature: Eight Literary Works of the Middle Kingdom, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 81–83
