sonder
English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Coined by American author and neologist John Koenig in 2012, whose project, The Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows, aims to come up with new words for emotions that currently lack words.[1][2] Inspired by German sonder- (“special”) and French sonder (“to probe”).[3][4]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈsɑndɚ/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈsɒndə/
- Rhymes: -ɒndə(ɹ)
- Hyphenation: son‧der
Noun
[edit]sonder (uncountable)
- (neologism) The profound feeling of realizing that everyone, including strangers passing in the street, has a life as complex as one's own, which they are constantly living despite one's personal lack of awareness of it.
- 2012 December, John Buysse, “On 2nd thought, we do have linked lives”, in The Daily Illini, volume 142, number 68,5, University of Illinois, page 4A:
- I had a sonder, a realization that the random girl sitting next to me inside of Starbucks might have a fantastic life or she might be dealing with a very ill family member.
- 2013, Annie Cohen, "A Deeper Understanding", Panorama (Ladue Horton Watkins High School, St. Louis, Missouri), Volume 62, Issue 3, 14 October 2013, page 14:
- We need to have a "sonder" moment, where we realize that we aren't the only ones with feelings, dreams, regrets and hopes.
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:sonder.
References
[edit]- ^ Powers, Maggie (2014 November 12) “On Searching For A Word In Kenmore Square”, in The Heights, volume 95, number 44, Boston, MA, page B7
- ^ Koenig, John (2012 July 22) “sonder”, in The Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows Tumblr[1]
- ^ Koenig, John (2012 June 19) “sonder”, in The Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows Facebook[2]
- ^ Koenig, John (2021) “sonder”, in The Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows, New York: Simon & Schuster, →ISBN, page 123
Anagrams
[edit]Afrikaans
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Dutch zonder, from Middle Dutch sonder, from Old Dutch sunder, from Proto-Germanic *sundraz. Cognate with English sunder.
Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]sonder
Danish
[edit]Noun
[edit]sonder c pl
Verb
[edit]sonder or sondér
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Middle French sonder, from Old French sonder (“to plumb”), from sonde (“sounding line”), from Old English sund- (“sounding”), as in sundġierd (“sounding-rod”), sundlīne (“sounding-line, lead”), sundrāp (“sounding-rope, lead”), from Old English sund (“ocean, sea”), from Proto-West Germanic *sund, from Proto-Germanic *sundą (“a swim, body of water, sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *swem(bʰ)- (“to be unsteady, swim”). Cognate with Old Norse sund (“swimming; strait, sound”). More at sound.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]sonder
- (transitive) to probe (test with a probe)
- (transitive) to probe (test the depth of something)
- to sound (use sound waves to establish the depth)
- (transitive) to probe (look carefully around)
- (transitive) to probe (ask someone many questions, in order to find something out)
- (meteorology) to survey and take measurements using a weather balloon
- to survey (carry out a survey or poll)
- (intransitive) to dive down
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | simple | sonder | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | sondant /sɔ̃.dɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | sondé /sɔ̃.de/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | sonde /sɔ̃d/ |
sondes /sɔ̃d/ |
sonde /sɔ̃d/ |
sondons /sɔ̃.dɔ̃/ |
sondez /sɔ̃.de/ |
sondent /sɔ̃d/ |
imperfect | sondais /sɔ̃.dɛ/ |
sondais /sɔ̃.dɛ/ |
sondait /sɔ̃.dɛ/ |
sondions /sɔ̃.djɔ̃/ |
sondiez /sɔ̃.dje/ |
sondaient /sɔ̃.dɛ/ | |
past historic2 | sondai /sɔ̃.de/ |
sondas /sɔ̃.da/ |
sonda /sɔ̃.da/ |
sondâmes /sɔ̃.dam/ |
sondâtes /sɔ̃.dat/ |
sondèrent /sɔ̃.dɛʁ/ | |
future | sonderai /sɔ̃.dʁe/ |
sonderas /sɔ̃.dʁa/ |
sondera /sɔ̃.dʁa/ |
sonderons /sɔ̃.dʁɔ̃/ |
sonderez /sɔ̃.dʁe/ |
sonderont /sɔ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | sonderais /sɔ̃.dʁɛ/ |
sonderais /sɔ̃.dʁɛ/ |
sonderait /sɔ̃.dʁɛ/ |
sonderions /sɔ̃.də.ʁjɔ̃/ |
sonderiez /sɔ̃.də.ʁje/ |
sonderaient /sɔ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | sonde /sɔ̃d/ |
sondes /sɔ̃d/ |
sonde /sɔ̃d/ |
sondions /sɔ̃.djɔ̃/ |
sondiez /sɔ̃.dje/ |
sondent /sɔ̃d/ |
imperfect2 | sondasse /sɔ̃.das/ |
sondasses /sɔ̃.das/ |
sondât /sɔ̃.da/ |
sondassions /sɔ̃.da.sjɔ̃/ |
sondassiez /sɔ̃.da.sje/ |
sondassent /sɔ̃.das/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | sonde /sɔ̃d/ |
— | sondons /sɔ̃.dɔ̃/ |
sondez /sɔ̃.de/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → German: sondieren
- → Russian: зонди́ровать (zondírovatʹ)
Further reading
[edit]- “sonder”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
[edit]German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *sundraz (“isolated, particular, alone”), from Proto-Indo-European *snter-, *seni-, *senu-, *san- (“apart, without, for oneself”). Cognate to Latin sine (“without”), English sunder (“separate, different”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]sonder [with accusative]
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]Indonesian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Borrowed from Javanese [Term?].
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]sonder (plural sonder-sonder)
Etymology 2
[edit]Borrowed from Dutch zonder (“without”), from Middle Dutch sonder, from Old Dutch sunder, from Proto-Germanic *sundraz.
Pronunciation
[edit]Particle
[edit]sondêr
Alternative forms
[edit]- zonder (unadapted borrowing)
Further reading
[edit]- “sonder” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Malay
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Dutch zonder, from Middle Dutch sonder, from Old Dutch sunder, from Proto-Germanic *sundraz.
Preposition
[edit]sonder (Jawi spelling سوندر)
- (Netherlands, Indonesia) without (not having)
Synonyms
[edit]Middle Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Dutch sunder, from Proto-Germanic *sundraz.
Preposition
[edit]sonder [with accusative]
Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “sonder (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “sonder (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
Norman
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old French sonder, from sonde (“sounding line”), from Old English [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *sundą (“a swim, body of water, sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *swem(bh)- (“to be unsteady, swim”).
Verb
[edit]sonder
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Noun
[edit]sonder m pl
Swedish
[edit]Noun
[edit]sonder
- indefinite plural of sond
- English terms coined by John Koenig
- English coinages
- English terms derived from German
- English terms derived from French
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/ɒndə(ɹ)
- Rhymes:English/ɒndə(ɹ)/2 syllables
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English neologisms
- English terms with quotations
- en:Emotions
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Old Dutch
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Afrikaans terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Afrikaans terms with IPA pronunciation
- Afrikaans terms with audio pronunciation
- Afrikaans lemmas
- Afrikaans prepositions
- Danish non-lemma forms
- Danish noun forms
- Danish verb forms
- French terms inherited from Middle French
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms derived from Old English
- French terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- French terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French verbs
- French transitive verbs
- fr:Meteorology
- French intransitive verbs
- French verbs with conjugation -er
- French first group verbs
- German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio pronunciation
- German lemmas
- German prepositions
- German terms with archaic senses
- Indonesian terms borrowed from Javanese
- Indonesian terms derived from Javanese
- Indonesian 2-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Indonesian/dɛr
- Rhymes:Indonesian/dɛr/2 syllables
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- Indonesian terms borrowed from Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Old Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Rhymes:Indonesian/dər
- Rhymes:Indonesian/dər/2 syllables
- Indonesian particles
- Malay terms derived from Dutch
- Malay terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Malay terms derived from Old Dutch
- Malay terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Malay lemmas
- Malay prepositions
- Netherlands Malay
- Indonesian Malay
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch lemmas
- Middle Dutch prepositions
- Norman terms inherited from Old French
- Norman terms derived from Old French
- Norman terms derived from Old English
- Norman terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Norman terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Norman lemmas
- Norman verbs
- Jersey Norman
- Norwegian Bokmål non-lemma forms
- Norwegian Bokmål noun forms
- Swedish non-lemma forms
- Swedish noun forms