los

From Middle English lusk, from Old English lox, from Proto-West Germanic *luhs, from Proto-Germanic *luhsaz. Cognate with Scots los, Saterland Frisian Luks, Low German Luks, Dutch los, German Luchs, Luxembourgish Luuss.

• loz, losse

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /lɒs/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /lɑs/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɒs
• Homophone: loss

los (plural loses)

1. (obsolete) A medium-sized wildcat, most of them part of the genus Lynx.

   Synonym: lynx

   The los had been brought from a northern part of the United States.

   • 1592, Thomas Thomasius, Thomae Thomasii Dictionarium tertio ... emendatum ... et longe auctius ... redditum.:

     A beaſt like unto a wolfe having many ſpottes, and being exceeding quicke of ſight: a wolfe like an hart, a Los or Lynx.

From Middle English los, from Old English los, from Proto-Germanic *lusą, from Proto-Indo-European *lews-.

los (plural loses)

1. Obsolete form of loss.
   • 1673, [Joseph Hill], The Interest Of theſe United Provinces. Being a Defence of the Zeelanders Choice […], Middelburg: Printed by Thomas Berry, page [75]:

     If we come under France, we have not onely Spaine our enimie by Sea and Land (as we have ſhewne) but the los of our Spaniſh Trade, and the hazarding of our whole Levant Traffick: And if we rightly calculate, that amounts to no ſmall part of our Commerce.

los (uncountable)

1. Alternative form of loos (“praise; fame; reputation”).

• LOS, LSO, sol, SOL, SLO, OSL, OLS

From Dutch lossen.

los (present los, present participle losende, past participle gelos)

1. to leave, abandon

From Latin illos (“those ones”).

los

1. them (masculine direct object)

• es

• llos (archaic)

From Latin illōs, from ille.

los m pl (masculine sg el, feminine sg la, neuter sg lo, feminine plural les)

1. (definite) the

• (Central) IPA^(key): /lus/
• (Valencia) IPA^(key): /los/

Inherited from Latin illōs; cf. els.

los (enclitic, contracted 'ls, proclitic els)

1. them (masculine, direct or indirect object)

   perdoneu-los ― forgive them

   doneu-los una moneda ― give them a coin

2. them (feminine, indirect object only)

   digueu-los la veritat ― tell them the truth

• -los is the full (plena) form of the pronoun. It is normally used after verbs ending with a consonant or ⟨u⟩.

Inherited from Latin illōs, from ille.

los m pl

1. masculine plural of lo

• IPA^(key): [ˈlos]
• Rhymes: -os

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ȏlsь.^[1][2] Cognate with English elk, German Elch.

los m anim

1. elk (British), moose (U.S.)

Borrowed from German Los,^[3][4] from Middle High German lōz, from Old High German hlōz, from Proto-West Germanic *hlaut, from Proto-Germanic *hlautaz, ablaut variant of *hlutą.

los m inan

1. lottery ticket

• “los”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “los”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

From Old Norse lauss.

los

1. loose

From Middle Low German los, from Old Saxon lohs, from Proto-West Germanic *luhs.

los c (singular definite lossen, plural indefinite losser)

1. lynx

Derived from verb losse, itself from Low German lossen, from Middle Low German lossen, from the adjective los (“loose”) and thus related to Etymology 1 above.

los n (singular definite losset, plural indefinite los)

1. to unload something
2. kick

• IPA^(key): /lɔs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: los
• Rhymes: -ɔs

From Middle Dutch los, from Old Dutch *los, from Proto-West Germanic *lus (a-stem), from Proto-Germanic *lusaz, related to *lausaz.

Cognate with Ripuarian Central Franconian loss, Luxembourgish lass, lues. Related with Dutch loos, the cognate of German los, lose, English loose.

los (comparative losser, superlative meest los or lost)

1. loose

   De losse kleding zat comfortabel.

   The loose clothing was comfortable.

   Zorg ervoor dat de schroeven goed vastzitten en niet los zijn.

   Make sure the screws are tightly fastened and not loose.

   Het kind hield de ballon stevig vast zodat hij niet los zou vliegen.

   The child held the balloon tightly so that it wouldn't fly loose.

2. separate, individual

   Dit product is niet bestemd voor losse verkoop.

   This product is not intended to be sold individually.

Declension of los
uninflected	los
inflected	losse
comparative	losser
		positive	comparative	superlative
predicative/adverbial		los	losser	het lost het loste
indefinite	m./f. sing.	losse	lossere	loste
	n. sing.	los	losser	loste
	plural	losse	lossere	loste
definite		losse	lossere	loste
partitive		los	lossers	—

• Berbice Creole Dutch: losi
• → Papiamentu: lòs, los

From Middle Dutch los, from Old Dutch *los, from Proto-Germanic *luhsuz, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“light, to shine”) or from a substrate language.^[1] Doublet of lynx.

Cognate with Old Saxon lohs, Old High German luhs, Old English lox, from a similar Germanic form also Swedish lodjur. Cognates outside Germanic include Ancient Greek λύγξ (lúnx), Lithuanian lūšis, Old Church Slavonic рꙑсь (rysĭ), Old Irish lug, Old Armenian լուսանունք (lusanunkʻ).

los m (plural lossen, diminutive losje n)

1. (dated) lynx (specifically the Eurasian lynx, Lynx lynx)

   Synonym: lynx

• losch (obsolete)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

los

1. inflection of lossen:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
   3. imperative

• sol

From Middle Low German and Old Saxon lōs, from Proto-West Germanic *laus, cognate with Dutch los and English loose.

• Rhymes: -ɔs

los

1. open

Inherited from Latin illōs.

• les

los m pl

1. masculine plural of lo (“the”)

los m pl (ORB, broad)

1. them (third-person plural masculine accusative)

• les in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
• los in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

los (Old Dauphinois)

1. Alternative form of lèc (“lake”)

• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “lacus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 5: J L, page 126

Inherited from Old French los, from Latin laus, probably via the nominative singular form.^[1]

• IPA^(key): /lo/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Homophones: lods (general), lot, lots (except regionally)

los m (plural los)

1. (obsolete) praise; acclaim

   Synonym: (modern) louange

• louer

• “los”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

• IPA^(key): /loːs/ (standard)
• IPA^(key): /lɔs/ (regionally; chiefly as interjection or when meaning “going on”)

From Middle High German and Old High German lōs. Compare English loose.

los (strong nominative masculine singular loser, comparative loser, superlative am losesten)

1. (colloquial or dated) Alternative form of lose (“loose”)

los (only used in combination with a verb)

1. rid of, free of

   Ich bin meine Erkältung los. ― I've gotten rid of my cold.

2. off, out, used to indicate leaving motion.

   Morgen fahren wir los. ― Tomorrow we head out.

   Ich muss los. ― I have to go.

3. going on

   Hier ist einiges los. ― There's a lot going on here.

   Was ist los? ― What's going on? / What's up? / What's wrong?

4. (colloquial, regional, Westphalia, Lower Saxony) open

   Die Tür stand los. ― The door stood open.

los

1. come on!, let's go!

   Los! An die Arbeit! ― Come on! Let's get to work!

2. (motor racing) Go!

• gelosen

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

los

1. singular imperative of losen

• IPA^(key): [ˈlɔs]
• Hyphenation: los

Shortening from losmen (“hostel”).

los (first-person possessive losku, second-person possessive losmu, third-person possessive losnya)

1. hostel
2. longhouse

From Dutch loods (“pilot”).

los (first-person possessive losku, second-person possessive losmu, third-person possessive losnya)

1. (navigation) pilot boat

From Dutch los (“loose”).

los

1. (colloquial) loose, free

   Synonyms: lepas, bebas

• “los” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

los

1. (accusative, dative) them, those

From Latin illōs, from ille.

los (singular el, feminine las)

1. the (masculine plural)

From French loche (dialectal).

los

1. slug

• Baker, Philip & Hookoomsing, Vinesh Y. (1987). Dictionnaire de créole mauricien. Morisyen – English – Français

From Old Dutch *los, from Proto-West Germanic *laus (“loose, free”).

los

1. loose, free
2. free, not encumbered
3. having lost, robbed

Adjective
		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	Indefinite	los	losse	los	losse
	Definite	losse		losse
Accusative	Indefinite	lossen	losse	los	losse
	Definite			losse
Genitive	Indefinite	los	losser	los	losser
	Definite	los, lossen		los, lossen
Dative		lossen	losser	lossen	lossen

• Dutch: los
• Limburgish: lósj

• “los”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “los (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

• lose, losse

From Old English los.

• IPA^(key): /lɔs/, /lɔːs/

los (uncountable)

1. loss

• English: loss
• Scots: los, lose, lois
• Yola: lass

• “lō̆s, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

• loz

From Middle English losse, from Old English lox, from Proto-West Germanic *luhs, from Proto-Germanic *luhsaz. Cognate with English los, Saterland Frisian Luks, Low German Luks, Dutch los, German Luchs, Luxembourgish Luuss.

los

1. lynx

• “los, n.”, in The Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries, 2004–present, →OCLC.

Borrowing from Low German lots (short form of lotsman); compare with German Lotse.

los m (definite singular losen, indefinite plural loser, definite plural losene)

1. (nautical) a pilot (person who guides ships in and out of a harbour)

• “los” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

los m (definite singular losen, indefinite plural losar, definite plural losane)

1. Alternative spelling of lós

• Homophones: lòs, lås

los n (definite singular loset, indefinite plural los, definite plural losa)

1. Alternative spelling of lòs

From Latin illōs, from ille.

• Audio:

  (file)

los (singular lo, feminine la, feminine plural las)

1. the; masculine plural definite article

From Proto-Germanic *lusą (“loss”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewHs- (“to cut loose; sever; lose”). Cognate with Old Norse los (“looseness; breaking up”).

• IPA^(key): /los/

los n (nominative plural los)

1. loss
2. destruction

• losian

• Middle English: los, lose, losse
  • English: loss
  • Scots: los, lose, lois
  • Yola: lass

See the verb loer (“to laud”).

los oblique singular, m (oblique plural los, nominative singular los, nominative plural los)

1. glory; positive reputation

• French: los

From Proto-West Germanic *laus, see also Old English lēas, Old Norse lauss.

lōs

1. loose

Borrowed from Old High German hlōz, from Proto-Germanic *hlutą. First attested in the 14th century.

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /lʲɔs/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /lʲɔs/

los m inan (related adjective losowy)

1. (attested in Lesser Poland) lot (thing used for determining chances)
   • 1930 [c. 1455], “Num”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)‎^[2], 33, 54:

     Wyøczsim daycze szirsze a mnyeysim wøssze, wszitkim iakos los przipadnye (ut sors ceciderit)

     [Więcszym dajcie szyrsze a mniejszym węższe. Wszytkim jakoż los przypadnie (ut sors ceciderit)]

   • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎^[3], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 21, 19:

     Rozdzelili sobe odzene moie y na odzew moy pusczili loos (super vestem meam miserunt sortem)

     [Rozdzielili sobie odzienie moje i na odziew moj puścili los (super vestem meam miserunt sortem)]

2. (attested in Lesser Poland) drawing lots (act of determining using lots)
   • 1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]‎^[4], Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 77, 60:

     Y wirzuczil od oblicza gich pogani, y losem rozdzelil gim zemø (sorte divisit eis terram)

     [Y wyrzucił od oblicza jich pogany, i losem rozdzielił jim ziemię (sorte divisit eis terram)]

• Polish: los
• Silesian: los

• Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “los”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
• Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “los”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
• Mańczak, Witold (2017) “los”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
• Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “los”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “los”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Inherited from Old Polish los. Doublet of lotto.

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔs
• Syllabification: los

los m inan (related adjective losowy)

1. (uncountable) fate (presumed cause, force, principle, or divine will that predetermines events)
2. (countable) fate (effect, consequence, outcome, or inevitable events predetermined by this cause)

   Synonym: dola

3. (countable) fate (event or a situation which is inevitable in the fullness of time; destiny)

   Synonym: przeznaczenie

4. (countable) lot (slip of paper, or less often a die or ball, used in determining a question by chance, or without human choice or will)
   1. lottery ticket
   2. (Middle Polish) gambling

      Synonym: hazard

   3. (Middle Polish, figuratively) trick, ploy, ruse (action intended to deceive or swindle)

      Synonym: sztuczka

5. (Middle Polish) cut, inheritance, property received by lot
6. (Middle Polish) person of dialogue

• → Belarusian: лёс (ljos)

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), los is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 11 times in scientific texts, 7 times in news, 16 times in essays, 22 times in fiction, and 15 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 71 times, making it the 907th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.^[1]

• los in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• los in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “los”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “los”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “los”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “los”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 764

los

1. Alternative form of os (third-person masculine plural objective pronoun) used as an enclitic and mesoclitic following a verb form ending in a consonant (-z, -r and -s, but not -m); the consonant is elided and the preceding vowel takes an accent if necessary

From Old Irish los, from Proto-Celtic *lustā, from the Proto-Indo-European root *lew- (“to divide, to split”). Cognate with Welsh llost.

los m (genitive singular lois)

1. purpose, intention
2. control
3. (obsolete) tail, end

Shortening of a los.

los

1. in order to

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ȏlsь.

• IPA^(key): /lôs/

lȍs m (Cyrillic spelling ло̏с)

1. moose
2. elk

• “los”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

Inherited from Old Polish los.

• IPA^(key): /ˈlɔs/
• Rhymes: -ɔs
• Syllabification: los

los m inan

1. fate (presumed cause, force, principle, or divine will that predetermines events)
2. lot (slip of paper used in determining a question by chance, or without human choice or will)

• los in silling.org
• Henryk Jaroszewicz (2022) “los”, in Zasady pisowni języka śląskiego (in Polish), Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe IKR[i]BL, page 93

From Proto-Slavic *olsь.

• IPA^(key): /lóːs/

lọ̑s m anim

1. elk, moose

The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.

Masculine anim., hard o-stem
nom. sing.	lós
gen. sing.	lósa
	singular	dual	plural
nominative (imenovȃlnik)	lós	lósa	lósi
genitive (rodȋlnik)	lósa	lósov	lósov
dative (dajȃlnik)	lósu	lósoma	lósom
accusative (tožȋlnik)	lósa	lósa	lóse
locative (mẹ̑stnik)	lósu	lósih	lósih
instrumental (orọ̑dnik)	lósom	lósoma	lósi

• “los”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2024

• IPA^(key): /los/ [los]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -os
• Syllabification: los

Inherited from Latin illōs accusative plural masculine of ille.

los m pl

1. masculine plural definite article; the

   ¿Qué hacen los muchachos?

   What do the boys do?

los

1. accusative of ellos; them
2. accusative of ustedes (when referring to more than one man); you all (formal or (Latin America) informal)
3. plural masculine or neuter pronoun

   los que no hablan

   those who do not speak

• sol

los

1. indefinite genitive singular of lo

• Sol, sol

From Proto-Hmong-Mien *ləwX (“to come back”).^[1]

• IPA^(key): /lɒ˩/

los

1. to come, return (to one's home or to a place where one resides)

   Synonym: tuaj

• Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979) White Hmong — English Dictionary‎^[5], SEAP Publications, →ISBN.

Compare Armenian լոշ (loš).

los (genitive singular losi)

1. lavash